Analysis and Design of Water Tank

A project report on
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF WATER TANK USING

STAAD_PRO V8i
Submitted by
INAYAT A. BADI (11SOECV11003)
BHAVESH M. RAKHOLIYA (11SOECV11009)
SUJIT C. PAIJA (11SOECV11011)
JAY R. KHUNT (11SOECV11020)
In partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Under the guidance of

Prof. RIHAN MAAZE
(Assistant Professor Civil Engineering Department)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING,
RK UNIVERSITY,
RAJKOT, GUJARAT-360020
(JUNE, 2015)
ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF WATER TANK USING STAAD Pro V8i
DECLARATION
we hereby declare that this submission is our own work and

that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no material
previously published or written by another person nor material which
has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of
theuniversity or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Furthermore, to the extent that we have included copyrighted

material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning
of the Indian Copyright Act, We certify thatwe have obtained a written
permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in
ourreport and have included copies of such copyright clearances to my
appendix.
We declare that this is a true copy of ourreport, including any

final revisions, as approved by ourreport review committee.
Date: 1) Signature:
Inayat A. Badi
(11soecv11003)
Place: Rajkot
2) Signature:
Bhavesh M. Rakholiya
(11soecv11009)
3) Signature:
Sujit C. Paija
(11soecv11011)
4) Signature:
Jay R. Khunt
(11soecv11020)
Page | ii
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report on ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

WATER TANK USING STAAD_PRO V8isubmitted byMr.Inayat Badi,
Mr. Bhavesh Rakholiya, Mr. Sujit Paija, Mr. Jay Khunt to the School
of Engineering, RK University, Rajkot towards partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in CIVILEngineering is a bonafide record of the work
carried out by us under my supervision and guidance and is to the
satisfaction of department.
Date:
Place: Rajkot
Signature and Name of Guide: Asst. Prof. RIHAN MAAZE
Signature and Name of

Prof. TRUPTI PARMAR
Head of Dept.:
Page | iii
PROJECT APPROVAL
This is to certify that project work embodied in this entitled

ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF WATER TANK USING STAAD PRO
was carried out by Inayat Badi (11SOECV11003), Bhavesh Rakholiya
(11SOECV11009), Sujit Paija (11SOECV11011), Jay Khunt
(11SOECV11020) at Department of Civil Engineering, School of
Engineering, RK University is approved for award of the degree of
B.Tech. ByRK University.
Date:
Place:Rajkot
Examiner(s) Name and Signature:
1)
2)
3)
Page | iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We express our deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Rihan Maaze,

Assistant Professor, Civil Department for his valuable guidance,
careful and concerted effort in carrying out this work. His
encouragement and whole hearted cooperation at each step of the
work in providing valuable suggestion and guidance is gratefully
acknowledged.
We are thankful to Prof. Trupti Parmar, Head of Civil

Engineering department for providing necessary facilities and support.
We are also thankful to all the other teachers of Civil

Engineering Department for their constant guidance, suggestion, and
support for carrying out this work.
We are also thankful to our parents and our friends for their
support and suggestions. We sincerely thank to all known and
unknown, who played an invisible but a very important role during
our work.
Date: 1) Signature:
Inayat A. Badi
(11soecv11003)
Place: Rajkot
2) Signature:
Bhavesh M. Rakholiya
(11soecv11009)
3) Signature:
Sujit C. Paija
(11soecv11011)
4) Signature:
Jay R. Khunt
(11soecv11020)
Page | v
ABSTRACT
Due to enormous need by the public, water has to be stored and

supplied accordingto their needs. Water demand is not constant
throughout the day. It fluctuates hourto hour. In order to supply
constant amount of water, we need to store water. So to meet the
public water demand, water tank need to be constructed.
Storage reservoirs and overhead tanks are used to store water,

liquid petroleum,petroleum products and similar liquids. The force
analysis of the reservoirs or tanksis about the same irrespective of the
chemical nature of the product. All tanks aredesigned as crack free
structures to eliminate any leakage.
This project gives in brief, the theory behind the design of the
water tank (elevated intze water tank with domed roof) using STAAD
PRO V8i.
Page | vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page i
Declaration of Originality ii
Certificate iii
Project Approval Iv
Acknowledgement V
Abstract Vi
Table of Content Vii
List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature Ix
List of Figures Xi
Chapter Page
Chapter Title
No. No.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General 1
Earthquake Design:
1 1.2 2
Considerations & Introduction
1.3 Aims of The Study 4
1.4 Types of water tank 4
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Literature Survey 7
2 Design of Intze Tank in Perspective of Revision of
2.2.1 7
IS: 3370
Optimum Diameter Of TaperedElevated Rc Water
2.2.2 8
Tank Staging
Page | vii
2.2.3 Ferrocement Floor And Roof SystemFor Buildings 9

Analysis Of Sloshing Impact On Overhead Liquid
2.2.4 10
Storage Structures
Transient Analysis Of Elevated Intze Water
2.2.5 11
Tankfluid- Soil System
METHODOLOGIES
3.1 Manually design 14
3.1.1 Design of Roof Dome 16
3.1.2 Design of cylindrical dome 18
3
3.1.3 Design of conical dome 19
3.1.4 Design of bottom circular ring 21
3.1.5 Design of the staging portion of the tank 22
3.2 STAAD Pro design 24
CASE STUDY
4.1 Data 43
4 4.2 Section of tank 44
4.3 Specification of aji intze tank 45
4.4 Estimate time for work done 45
5 CONCLUSION 47
REFERENCE 48
Page | viii
LIST OF SYMBOLS
A = Total area of sect ion

Ab = Equivalent area of helical reinforcement.
Ac = Equivalent area of sect ion
Asc = Area of longitudinal reinforcement (comp.)
Ast = Area of steel (tensile.)
ac = Area of concrete.
C =compressive force.
D = depth
d = effective depth
dc = cover to compressive steel
e = eccentricity.
dc/d = compressive steel depth factor
f= stress (in general)
fck = characterist ic compressive stress of concrete.
Fy = characterist ic tensile strength of steel.
H = height.
I = moment of inertia.
L=length.
l = effective length of column or length or bond length.
M = bending moment or moment.
m = modular ratio.
n = depth of neutral axis.
R= radius.
s= spacing of bars.
Page | ix
Vu=ultimate shear force due or design load.

Vus=shear carried by shear reinforcement.
W= point load.
α = inclination.
γ = unit weight of soil
σcc = permissible stress in concrete.
σcbc = permissible compressive stress in concrete due to bending.
σsc = permissible compressive stress in bars.
σst = permissible stress in steel in tension.
μ = co efficient of friction.
Page | x
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. Description Page

No. No.
1.1 Determination of epicenters 2
1.2 Different Earthquake Zones of India 3
1.3 under ground tank 5
1.4 resting on ground tank 5
1.5 elevated tank 5
1.6 conical tank 5
1.7 spherical tank 5
3.1 model of water tank 15
3.2 central rise of roof dome 16
4.1 section of water tank 44
4.2 Case Study Of Water 46
Page | xi
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION
1.1GENERAL
Overhead tanks and storage reservoirs are used to store water,
liquid petroleum and similar liquids. Reservoir is a general term
used to liquid storage structure and it can be below or above the
ground level.
Reservoirs below the ground level are normally built to store

large quantities of water. The overhead tanks are supported by
the column which acts as stage.
This elevated water tanks are built for direct distribution of

water by gravity flow and are usually of smaller capacity.It is also
essential to ensure that, requirements such as water supply is not
hampered during an earthquake and should remain functional in
the post-earthquake period.In such situations the elevated tanks
may prove most handy tool for the purpose of water distribution
and fire protection.
In the construction of concrete structure for the storage of water

and other liquids the imperviousness of concrete is most essential. The
permeability of any uniform and thoroughly compacted concrete of
given mix proportions is mainly dependent on water cement ratio.
The increase in water cement ratio results in increase in the

permeability. The decrease in water cement ratio will therefore be
desirable to decrease the permeability, but very much reduced
watercement ratio may cause compaction difficulties and prove to be
harmful also.
Page | 1
Proper compaction using vibrators should be done to achieve

imperviousness. Cement content ranging from 330 Kg/m3 to 530
Kg/m3 is recommended in order to keep shrinkage low.
Design of liquid retaining structure has to be based on the

avoidance of cracking in the concrete having regard to its tensile
strength.
Cracks can be prevented by avoiding the use of thick timber

shuttering which prevent the easy escape of heat of hydration from the
concrete mass the risk of cracking can also be minimized by reducing
the restraints on free expansion or contraction of the structure.
1.2 Earthquake Design: Considerations and

Introduction
An Earthquake is a phenomenon that results from and is powered
by the sudden release of stored energy in the crust that propagates
Seismic waves. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes may manifest
themselves by a shaking or displacement of the ground and sometimes
tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life and destruction of
property.The word Earthquake is used to describe any seismic
eventwhether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans—
that generates seismic waves.
Fig 1.1 Determination of epicenters
Page | 2
India is divided into different seismic zones. As per IS

1893:1984 Code India is divided fromZone 1 to Zone 5. But as
per IS 1893:2002 Code it has been divided from Zone 2 to Zone
5. Zone 1 has been discarded.
Fig 1.2.Different Earthquake Zones of India
Page | 3
1.3 Aims of The Study
The Aims of this project is to study the structure behavior of

elevated water storage tanks.
The project discusses the details of the elevated inz water tank.
By the using STAAD Pro program we aim to design a elevated
intzewater tank by working stress method and study the result
obtained.
1.4 TYPES OF WATER TANK
1) Based on placement of tank
 Resting on ground
 Under ground
 Elevated
2) Based on shape of the tank
 Rectangular
 Circular
 Intzee
 Spherical
 Conical Bottom
Page | 4
Fig 1.3 under ground tank Fig 1.4 resting on ground tank
Fig 1.5 elevated tank Fig 1.6 conical tank
Fig 1.7 spherical tank
Page | 5
CHAPTER-2 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction:
Many Researches Were Carried Out On Tank Design To Make

More Efficient, Economical, And Durable. More Researches Are
Carried Out To Use The Different Materials By Different Peoples In
The Different Corner Of The World. Using of Different Materials and
It’s Dimension Is Still on The Experimental Basis. So, That Literature
Review Wise Further Designing Is To Be Done.
Page | 6
2.2 Literature Survey
2.2.1 Design of Intze Tank in Perspective of Revision of

IS: 3370
By, Pavan S. Ekbote and Dr. Jagadish .G. Kori (2013):
During earthquake elevated water tanks were heavily damages

or collapsed. This was might be due to the lack of knowledge
regarding the behaviour of supporting system of the water tanks again
dynamic action and also due to improper geometrical selection of
staging patterns of tank. Due to the fluid structure interactions, the
seismic behaviour of elevated water tanks has the characteristics of
complex phenomena. The main aim of this study is to understand the
behavior of supporting system (or staging) which is more effective
under different response spectrum method with SAP 2000 software. In
this Paper different supporting systems such as cross and radial
bracing studied.
By, R.V.R.K.Prasad and Akshaya B.Kamdi (2012):
Storage elevated water tanks are used to store water. BIS has
brought out the revised version of IS 3370 (part-1& 2) after a long
time from its 1965 version in year 2009. This revised code is mainly
drafted for the liquid storage tank. In this revision important is that
limit state method is incorporated in the water tank design. This paper
gives in brief, the theory behind the design of circular water tank using
WSM and LSM. Design of water tanks by LSM is most economical as
the quantity of material required is less as compared to WSM. Water
Page | 7
tank is the most important container to store water therefore, Crack

width calculation of water tank is also necessary.
By, IITK-GSDMA (2007):
For seismic design of water tanks, IS 1893:1984 has very

limited provisions. These provisions are only for elevated water tanks
and tanks resting on ground are not considered. Even for elevated
water tanks, effect of sloshing effect of vibration are not included in IS
1893:1984. Moreover, compared with the present international
practice for seismic design of water tanks, there are many limitations
in the provisions of IS 1893:1984. Thus, one finds that at present in
India there is no proper Standard for seismic design of water tanks. In
view of non-availability of a Proper Standard on seismic design of
water tanks, present Guidelines is prepared to help designers for
seismic design of water tanks. This Guidelines is written in a format
very similar to that of IS code and in future, BIS may as well consider
adopting it as IS 1893 (Part 2). O. R. Jaiswal et al, (2006), In this
research paper, provisions of ten seismic codes on water tanks are
reviewed and compared. This review has revealed that there are
significant differences among these codes on designing of seismic
forces for various types of water tanks. Reasons for these differences
are critically examined and the need for a unified approach for seismic
design of liquid storage tanks is highlighted.
2.2.2 OPTIMUM DIAMETER OF TAPERED

ELEVATED RC WATER TANK STAGING:
By, Chirag N. Patel, H. S. Patel:
Water tank is used extensively for storing water, inflammable

liquids and other chemicals. Generally, to provide water at large, tank
is supported on frame or shaft (a vertical cylindrical shell). The
staging with a single row of columns placed straight (vertical) along
the periphery of circle or shaft, are generally adopted for elevated
water tanks to support the tank container. Apart from verticality of
Page | 8
staging, tapered (inclined) staging are also used to support the tank
container. The aim of this paper is to understand the behaviour of
elevated water tank with frame and shaft type tapered staging in lateral
earthquake loading using GSDMA guide line [6] and software
SAP2000 [8]. The study have been assess, the optimum diameter of
staging with reference to the diameter of container, and observed
effect of staging batter. The study reveals that value of axial tension
decreases with increase in tapering of staging as well as increase in
diameter of
staging. Optimum dimension of staging to fulfil the requirement of

'No Tension in column’ is with 70% and 80% diameter of staging in
comparison with the container diameter for frame and shaft type
staging respectively, in accordance with inclination of 6°.
2.2.3 FERROCEMENT FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEM

FORBUILDINGS:
By, Dr. T.S. Thandavamoorty and S.Durairaj:
A hollow cored Ferro cement floor panel of size 900 mm X 600

mm was precast with cement mortar 1:2 and cured for 7 days. Then it
was arranged in a loading frame and tested under gradually increasing
static loading till failure. The ultimate load sustained by the panel was
85 kN. Experimental Program a welded mesh was prepared with two
layers of chicken mesh. The specimen was casted with cement mortar
1:2 and reinforcement mesh as prescribed. The finished specimen was
cured for 7 days. The specimen was arranged on a loading frame.
Load was applied in increment and dial reading for each in increment
was recorded. Load was increased till failure of the panel.
Results the ultimate load observed was 85 kN. This load was
distributed on the panel with the intensity of 78.7 kN/m2. As per IS
875 part 2 the live load recommended on floor is only 2 kN/m2. Going
by this consideration Ferro cement floor panel is suitable, realistic and
feasible.
Page | 9
2.2.4 ANALYSIS OF SLOSHING IMPACT ON

OVERHEAD LIQUID STORAGE STRUCTURES:
By: P. MUTHU VIJAY & AMAR PRAKASH:
This paper presents analysis to study the effects of sloshing in

overhead liquid storage tank. In such structure a large mass
concentrated at the top of slender supporting structure makes the
structure vulnerable to horizontal forces e.g. due to earthquakes. This
study focuses mainly on the response of the elevated Intzee type water
tank to dynamic forces by both equivalents static method and finite
element analysis using commercial software. To find out the design
parameters for seismic analysis and also the importance in the sloshing
effect consideration during the design. Here an elevated Intzee type
water tank is analyses and designed. The analysis is carried out for
two cases namely, tank full condition considering only the hydrostatic
effects and tank full condition considering the sloshing effect using
STAAD Pro. From the analysis it is concluded that, to consider the
sloshing effect along with the effect of hydrodynamic pressure on
container wall of the tank during the design is very important in
earthquake prone regions. The results obtained from analyses are
discussed considering the importance of the structure during seismic
activity.
Page | 10
2.2.5TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF ELEVATED INTZEE

WATER TANKFLUID- SOIL SYSTEM:
By, Neeraj Tiwari and M. S. Hora:
A lot of investigations have taken place in the area of soil-

structure interaction of over-head and underground water tanks.
Various investigators have proposedDifferent approaches for solution
of interaction problems from time to time in attempt to obtain more
realistic analysis. They have quantified the effect of interaction
behavior and established that there is redistribution of forces/stresses
in the water tank components.
Housner (1963)considered a model with two uncoupled masses and

developed equations to compute the impulsive and sloshing liquid
masses along with theirLocation above the tank base and the stiffness
of the convective mass spring. Usually only one convective mass is
considered in practical design.
Haroun and Housner (1981)developed a threemass model which

takes into the tank-account the wall flexibility only.
Ibrahim et al. (2001) presented a broad overview of sloshing

dynamics, including both linear and nonlinear analyses, with emphasis
on cylindrical and rectangular tanks.
Karamanos et al. (2006) and Patkas and Karamanos (2007)

developed a mathematical model for calculating linear sloshing effects
in the dynamical response of horizontal cylindrical and spherical
liquid containers under earthquake excitation.
Livaoglur. R. and Dogangun A. (2006) investigated the effects of

foundation embedment on the seismic behavior of fluid-elevated tank-
Page | 11
foundation-soil system with a structural frame supporting the fluid

containing tank. Six different soil types defined in the seismic codes
were considered. Both the sloshing effects of the fluid and soil-
structure interaction of the elevated tanks resting on these six different
soils were included in the analyses.
Karamanos et al. (2006) proposed a methodology based on a

‘‘convective-impulsive’’ decomposition of the liquid-vessel motion
and a semi-analytical solution of sloshing in non-deformable
containers by which the seismic forces can be estimated. Additionally,
the effects of the support structure flexibility are also considered.
Livaoglu et al. (2007) presented simplified procedures for seismic

analysis for elevated tanks considering fluid-structure-soil interaction
Ten different models weree analyzed using mechanical and
finiteelement modelling techniques. The applicability of these ten
models for the seismic design of the elevated tanks with four different
subsoil classes is emphasized.
Sezen et al. (2008) carried out dynamic analysis using a simplified

three-mass model and. investigated the seismic performance of
elevated cylindrical tanks damaged during the Kocaeli earthquake
(1999) in Turkey.
Dutta et al. (2009) presented comprehensive study on dynamic

characteristics of RC elevated tanks supported by cylindrical shaft
staging. The results were validated analytically using finite element
analysis and by small-scale experimentation.
Amani et al. (2010) evaluated resonant frequencies in an RC elevated

spherical container partially filled with water using finite element
method and verified the results experimentally. The overall dynamical
response of elevated spherical tanks subjected to horizontal base
motion and free vibration and containing water at different levels were
Page | 12
carried out. He investigated that for spherical tank, essentially three

independent mass-motions are necessary; translation (structural),
sloshing (convective) and pendulum motions. Therefore, three degrees
of freedom is required for the analysis.
Moslemi, M. et al. (2011) presented the seismic response of liquid-

filled elevated tank and studied the complexities associated with
modelling of the conical shaped tanks. The fluid domain is modelled
using displacement-based fluid elements (D-Fluid element). Both time
history and modal analyses were performed for an elevated tank.
Chaduvula, U. et al. (2013) have an experimental investigation made

on a 1:4 scale model of cylindrical steel elevated water tank subjected
to combined horizontal, vertical and rocking motions, for earthquake
excitation (accelerations) of 0.1g and 0.2g and increasing angle of
rocking motion. It was investigated that the impulsive base shear and
base moment increase with increase in earthquake acceleration,
whereas, the convective base shear and base moment increase with
increase in earthquake acceleration but decrease with increasing
angular motion. Therefore, there is no considerable effect of rocking
motion found due to sloshing of water. The nonlinearity is found in
the structure, when the impulsive pressure of tank decreases with
increase in tank acceleration.
Page | 13
CHAPTER-3 METHODOLOGIES
3.1Manual design
3.2 STAAD Pro design
3.1 Manually design of tank:

Design of an intzee tank for a capacity of 675000 liters
Assuming height of tank floor above the G.L. is 24.67 m.
Safe bearing capacity of soil 200 kn/m2
Assuming M25 concrete
For which σcbc = 8.5 N/mm2, σcc = 6 N/mm2
Direct tension σt = 1.3 N/mm2
Tension in bending = 1.8 N/mm2
Modular ratio m = 13
For Steel stress,
Tensile stress in direct tension =115 N/mm2
Tensile stress in bending on liquid face =115 N/mm2 for t < 225 mm
And 125 N/mm2 for > 225 mm.
Page | 14
Fig 3.1 model of water tank
Page | 15
Solution:
Taking the volume as 0.585 D3 for proportion given in Fig.

D = 12 m. The dimension of the Tank is shown in fig.
3.1.1 Design of Roof Dome:
Assume thickness of dome slab = 100 mm = 0.1 m
Self-weight of dome = 0.1 x 1 x 1 x 24 = 2.4 kn/m2
Live load =1.5 kn/m2
Finishes =0.10 kn/m2
TOTAL LOAD = 4 kn/m2
R= radius of dome D= dia. of tank = 12m
r = central rise = 1.67 m Fig 3.2

central rise of roof dome
Page | 16
Rtop = (R2+r2)/2r
Rtop = 11.61 m
Sinɸ = 6/11.61 ɸ=31.11° < 51.8°
Hence no tension
Meridional thrust = T = (p x Rtop) / (1 + cos ɸ)
T = 25.102 kn/m
Circumferential Forces = p x Rtop (cos ɸ - 1/ (1+cos ɸ))
= 15.14 kn/m
Meridional stress = (T x 1000) / (100 x 1000)
= 0.25 N/mm2< 6 N/mm2 SAFE
Hoop Stress = 15.14 x 1000 / (100 x 1000)
= 0.1514 N/mm2< 6 N/mm2 SAFE
The stress are with the safe limit
However provide minimum reinforcement @ 0.3% of area in each

direction
Ast = (0.3 / 100) x 100 x 1000
Ast = 300 mm2
Use 8 mm ɸ bar
A = 3.14 x 82 / 4 = 50.2 mm2
Spacing for hoop bars = 50.2 x 1000 / 300 = 167.33 mm
Page | 17
Hence, provide 8 mm ɸ bar @ 167.33 mm c/c
3.1.2 DESIGN OF CYLLINDRICAL TANK
Since dome roof has been design on membrane the analysis, the tank wall may
be assumed to be free on top and bottom, Maximum hoop tension occurs at the base
of wall,
Take W =weight of water = 10 kn/m2
Maximum hoop tension at the base = W x h x D / 2
= 10 x 4 x 12 / 2
= 240 kn per meter height
Area of the ring required = 240000 / 150
= 1600 mm2 or 800 mm2 both side
To resist the hoop tension at 2 m from top
Ash = 2 x 1600 / 4 = 800 mm2
Using 10 mm ɸ bar A = 78.5 mm2
Spacing of 10 mm ɸ bar = 1000 x 78.5 / (800 / 2)
= 196.25 mm
Hence provide 10 mm ɸ bar @ 196.25 mm c/c spacing at both

direction from top 0 to 2 m
To resist the hoop tension at 4 m from top
Ash = 4 x 1600 /4 = 1600 mm2
Page | 18
Using 16 mm ɸ bars A = 200 mm2
Spacing of 16 mm ɸ bars = 1000x200/ (1600/2) = 250 mm
Hence provide 16 mm ɸ bar @ 250 mm spacing at 4 m from top
Actual Ast = 2 x 1000 x 200 / 250
Ast = 1600 mm2
3.1.3 DESIGN OF THE CONICAL DOME:
Average diameter of conical dome = (12+5) / 2
= 8.5 m
Avg. depth of water = (4+4) / 2 = 4 m
Weight of the water above the conical dome = 3.14 x 8.5 x 4 x 4 x 10
= 4270.4 m3
Self/weight of slab 600 mm thick = 3.14 x 8x (2 x (12 – 5/2)2)0.5 x 0.6

x 24
= 6169.01 kn
Total conical load = 10439.41 kn
Load / unit length v2 = 10439.41 / (3.14 x 4) = 831.16 kn/m
Meridional thrust = T = v2 x cosec ɸ = 1608.64 kn
Meridional stress = 1608.64 x 1000 / (600 x 1000)
= 2.681 N/mm2< 5 N/mm2 SAFE.
Page | 19
Hoop tension in conical dome will be maximum at top of the conical

dome in this section diameter is maximum because of hoop tension is
directly proportional to the diameter of the conical dome section.
Hoop tension = (p x cosec ɸ + q x cot ɸ) x D /2
P = 8.5 x 4 = 34 kn /m2
q = 600 x 24 / 1000 = 14.4 kn/m2 ɸ = 450 D = 12 m
Thus, hoop tension = 374.04 kn
Whole oh which to be resisted by steel.
As = 375000 / 150 = 249.33 mm2
Area of each face = 2493.33/ 2 = 1246.66 mm2
Using 25 mm ɸ bars
A = 3.14 x 252/4 = 490.62 mm2
Spacing of bars = 1000 x 490.62 / 1246.6 = 393.54 mm
Hence provide 25 mm ɸ bars @ 393.54 mm c/con each face
Actual Ast = 2 x 1000 x 490.62 / 393.54 = 2493.36 mm2
Ast at bottom = 0.20 X 600 / (100 x 1000) = 1200 mm2
Provide the half of it near each faces = 600 mm2
Using 10 mm ɸ bars A = 3.14 x 102 / 4 = 78.5 mm2
Spacing of 10 mm ɸ bars = 1000 x 78.5 / 600 = 130.83 m
Page | 20
Hence provide 10 mm ɸ bars @ 130.83 mm c/c
Maximum tensile stress = (374.04 x 1000 x 1000) / ((600 x 1000) +

(13 x 2493.3)
= 0.0192 N/mm2< 1.2 N/mm2 SAFE
3.1.4 DESIGN OF THE BOTTOM CIRCULAR RING:
Horizontal force on ring beam = T1 cosα = 831.16 x cos450
= 587.71 kn/m
Hoop compression in ring = 4 x 587.71 / 2 = 1175.42 kn
Assume size of the ring is 500 x 1000 mm
Hoop stress = (1175.42 x 1000) / (500 x 1000)
= 2.350 N/mm2 < 6 N/mm2 SAFE
Vertical load on ring = T1 sin α = 415.57 kn/m
Self/weight of beam ring = 0.5 x 1 x24 = 12 kn/m
Total load = 427.57 kn/m
Total design load on ring girder = W = 3.14 x 4 x 427.57
W = 5370.27 kn
Page | 21
Now, circular girder is support on 18 no. of column using moment co

efficient which is given in below
No. of support Negative Positive Maximum

bending bending twisting
moment at moment at moment or
support K1 center of span torque K3
K2
18 0.0037 0.0014 0.0017
Maximum negative Bending Moment on support = 0.0037 x W x R

= 49.67kn.m
Maximum positive B.M at mid span = 0.0014 x W x R
= 18.79 kn.m
Maximum torsional moment = 0.0017 x W x R = 22.82 kn.m
Self/weight at support section V =WR3.14/(4 x 2)
= 5270.019 kn
3.1.5 DESIGN OF STAGING PORTION OF THE WATER

TANK:
The tank is supported on 18 column, symmetrically placed on a

rectangular of 2502 x250 mm.
Height of the staging above the G.L. = 15 m
Page | 22
Take bracing height = 3 m
Hence provide 5 panels of 3 m height.
Load in column
Vertical load in each column = 5270.019 / 18 = 292.77 kn
Self/weight of each column = 0.25 x 0.25 x 15 x 24 = 22.5 kn
Weight of bracing = 0.25 x 0.25 x 5 x 3.14 x 24 = 23.55 kn
Total vertical load on each column = 388.82 kn
Reinforcement in column
Now, using 18 bars of 32 mm ɸ @ 300 mm c/c
Ast= 18 x 3.14 x 322 / 4 = 14469.12 mm2
Ac= 250 x 250 + (1.5 x 13 x 14469.12) = 344647.84 mm2
Moment of inertia = (2504 / 12) + 14469.12 x 13 x (250 – 50)2
= 7.849 x 104 mm4
Now, equivalent MI about full section = 7.849 x 104 / 2
= 3.92 x 104 mm4
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3.2 Design in STAADPro:
Step 1: geometry design
Put all nodal and connect beam
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Step 2: Define an end property
Step 3: material
Page | 25
Step 4: Select all members and give property
Page | 26
Step 5: Load and combination
Page | 27
Step 6: Analysis and print
Add IS code and specificationIS 456
Page | 28
Step 7: Run program
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Step 8: Principal Stresses on Plates
Page | 31
Stresses in Beam:
Page | 32
Stresses in Column:
Final 3D View
Page | 33
Step 9: Report
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CHAPTER-4 CASE STUDY
For considering case study about elevated intze tank we are

consider intze tank which is constructing at Rajkot, Gujarat.
4.1 DATA
Tank Type Elevated Intze Tank
Site Location Near Aji Dam Chowk
Tank Overall Dimension
 Length 12+8 meter
 Height 8 meter
 Dia. Of Dom 15.55 meter
 Dia. Of Bottom 8 meter (inside)

Cylinder
Tank Capacity 1 ML (1000000 ltrs)
Concrete Grade M30
Starting Time 17th November 2014
Ending Time 16th November 2015
Total Project Duration 1 Year
Overall Cost Of Construction 88,20,000
Area For Supplying Water Aji GIDC, Manda Dungar, Anand

Nagar.
Page | 43
4.2 Section of Tank:
Fig 4.1 section of water tank
Page | 44
4.3 Specifications of Aji Intze tank:
 So, For Aji Intze Tank These all Data is to be considered and
the seismic zone III Wise Earthquake related study can be done.
 Consider Hard Soil Properties for Foundation and select raft

foundation for tank
 Consider elevated intze tank so by gravity water fall can be

done for supplying
 For wind calculation Wind speed for Rajkot is 39 m/sec is select

as per IS:875(Part 3):1987.
 For Grade of concrete M30 Grade is selected
 Quantity of water can be stored in tank is 1 ML(1000000 ltrs)
4.4Estimated Time For Work Done:
Work Time
 Excavation 46 Days
 Foundation 63 Days
 Staging 81 Days
 Conical Slab 74 Days
 Cylindrical Wall 44 Days
 Dome 68 Days
 Inside Stair Case 42 Days
 Plastering 25 Days
 Finishing 14 Days
In Which inside Stair Case & Plastering Event is continued with other
events after constructing staging.
Page | 45
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CHAPTER-5 CONCLUSION
Elevated Intze water tank of 675000 liter capacity with 15 m

staging has been design considering M25 concrete. However, M30 is
used for container and M25 for the staging.
Detailed structural drawing have been prepared. Nodal

displacement, forces, stress in staging and other part, these all data has
been calculated by using STAAD Pro v8i.
The check for critical members also reveals that the tank is
stable for hydrostatic case of analysis but not when sloshing is
included in the analysis for which the critical elements values are
exceeding the limiting values
After the designing of inzte type elevated water tank by using

STAAD Pro v8i and manually method we can conclude that the
design is safe.
Page | 47
REFERENCE
- IS 1893(Part I): 2002, CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE

RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES (PART 1
GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS)
- I.S 456:2000 for RCC.
- IS:800:2007, Code of practice for General Construction of Steel
- I.S 875 Part I and Part II for dead & imposed load
- Chirag N. Patel, Shashi N, Vaghela, H. S. Patel, Sloshing

Response of Elevated Water Tank over Alternate Column
Proportionality, International Journal of Advanced Engineering
Technology pp 60-63, Oct.-Dec., 2012.
- Housner. G. W, the Dynamic Behaviourof Water Tanks,

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.Vol. 53, No.
2, pp. 381-387. February, 1963
- Design of Intze Tank in Perspective of Revision of IS: 3370:

By, Pavan S. Ekbote and Dr. Jagadish .G. Kori (2013).
- Ferrocement floor and roof system for buildings By

Dr.T.S.Thandavamoorty Adhiparasakti Engineering college
Melmaaruvathur
Page | 48

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A project report on

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF WATER TANK USING

BHAVESH M. RAKHOLIYA (11SOECV11009)

SUJIT C. PAIJA (11SOECV11011)

JAY R. KHUNT (11SOECV11020)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of

Under the guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

we hereby declare that this submission is our own work and

Furthermore, to the extent that we have included copyrighted

We declare that this is a true copy of ourreport, including any

This is to certify that the report on ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

Signature and Name of Guide: Asst. Prof. RIHAN MAAZE

Signature and Name of

This is to certify that project work embodied in this entitled

Examiner(s) Name and Signature:

We express our deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Rihan Maaze,

We are thankful to Prof. Trupti Parmar, Head of Civil

We are also thankful to all the other teachers of Civil

Due to enormous need by the public, water has to be stored and

Storage reservoirs and overhead tanks are used to store water,

2.2.3 Ferrocement Floor And Roof SystemFor Buildings 9

A = Total area of sect ion

Vu=ultimate shear force due or design load.

Fig. Description Page

Reservoirs below the ground level are normally built to store

This elevated water tanks are built for direct distribution of

In the construction of concrete structure for the storage of water

The increase in water cement ratio results in increase in the

Proper compaction using vibrators should be done to achieve

Design of liquid retaining structure has to be based on the

Cracks can be prevented by avoiding the use of thick timber

1.2 Earthquake Design: Considerations and

Fig 1.1 Determination of epicenters

India is divided into different seismic zones. As per IS

Fig 1.2.Different Earthquake Zones of India

1.3 Aims of The Study

The Aims of this project is to study the structure behavior of

1.4 TYPES OF WATER TANK

1) Based on placement of tank

2) Based on shape of the tank

Fig 1.5 elevated tank Fig 1.6 conical tank

Fig 1.7 spherical tank

CHAPTER-2 Literature Review

Many Researches Were Carried Out On Tank Design To Make

2.2 Literature Survey

2.2.1 Design of Intze Tank in Perspective of Revision of

By, Pavan S. Ekbote and Dr. Jagadish .G. Kori (2013):

During earthquake elevated water tanks were heavily damages

By, R.V.R.K.Prasad and Akshaya B.Kamdi (2012):

tank is the most important container to store water therefore, Crack

By, IITK-GSDMA (2007):

For seismic design of water tanks, IS 1893:1984 has very

2.2.2 OPTIMUM DIAMETER OF TAPERED

By, Chirag N. Patel, H. S. Patel:

Water tank is used extensively for storing water, inflammable

staging. Optimum dimension of staging to fulfil the requirement of

2.2.3 FERROCEMENT FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEM

By, Dr. T.S. Thandavamoorty and S.Durairaj:

A hollow cored Ferro cement floor panel of size 900 mm X 600

2.2.4 ANALYSIS OF SLOSHING IMPACT ON

By: P. MUTHU VIJAY & AMAR PRAKASH:

This paper presents analysis to study the effects of sloshing in

2.2.5TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF ELEVATED INTZEE