NASHIK THERMAL POWER STATION

TRAINING SUB CENTRE

Presentation on
“BOILER CONSTRUCTION AND DETAIL “
210 MW

Submitted by:

Mr. SHIRISH BHIMRAO PATIL.

BATCH N-41
ROLL NO.07
Boiler:-
 Boiler is used to generate steam at a desired pressure and
temperature by transferring of heat produced by burning of fuel to
water to change it to steam.
 As per ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) it defined
as “A combination of apparatus for producing, furnishing or
recovering heat together with the apparatus for transferring the heat
so made available to water which could be heated & vaporised to
steam form”.
 History of Boiler:-
 The first boiler was developed in 1725 & its working pressure was 6 -
10 Kg/cm2 & was called Wagon Boiler.
 Types Of Boiler :-
1) Fire Tube Boiler (Carnish & Lauchashire blrs.) developed in
1844.
2) Water Tube Boiler developed in 1873.
 Boiler Design Consideration

Following factors are taken into consideration for

design of modern boiler:-

 Low capital cost, ease of construction, simplicity, safety, Good working

condition, Ease of maintenance.
 Efficient operation, effective baffling of heat transfer, well insulated
casing, ability to deliver pure steam with effective drum internals to
generate steam of full capacity.
 Availability of Auxiliaries.
 Classification of Water Tube Boiler
 According to circulation of water :-
1) Natural Circulation: It takes place due to difference in density
of water & steam.
2) Forced Circulation: As operating pressure of Boiler approaches
to critical pressure additional pumps are required to install in down
comers, because at this pressure there is no appreciable density
difference between water & steam to have a natural circulation of water.

 According to way of Burner Position :-

1) Front fired
2) Corner fired
 Tangentially Firing System
 Provides great flexibility for
multiple-fuel firing
 Fuel and air nozzles tilt in
unison to raise and lower the
flame to control furnace heat
absorption and S/H & R/H
Temp
 According to working Pressure :-
1) Sub critical ( 130kg/cm2<P<180kg/cm2)
2) Critical (180kg/cm2< P<221.2kg/cm2)
3) Super critical ( P>221.2kg/cm2

 According to tube configuration :-

1) Horizontal
2) Vertical

 According to way of fuel firing :-

1) Stoker Fired(20 mm size coal direct fired)
2) Pulverized Fired(Fine Powder coal)
 Specification Of Boiler
1) Radiant Reheat Type
2) Water tube Boiler,
3) Natural circulation boiler,
4) Balanced draft,
5) Pulverized pressurized system,
6) Tangential Corner fired,
7) Dry Bottom type.
8) Sub-critical Boiler
9) Single Drum
Boiler is divided into Two Pass

 Front Pass  Second Pass

 Furnace  Reheater
 Platen Water Wall  Final Superheater
 Platen Super heater  LTSH
 Fuel firing equipment  Economizer
Cross section of Boiler
Components of Boiler
 Boiler Drum:-
 length : 15.7m
 Internal Diameter :1976mm
 Thickness :132mm
 Material : Special carbon steel plate of SA 299 A grade A1
 Height :52m

 It has two gauge glasses for level indication, 3 safety valves, drum
vents, chemical dosing line, EBD line,. It is used for spreading steam &
water mixture coming from riser tubes. Water level is maintained at
254mm below geometrical center line & upper part is left to occupy the
generated steam.
 Functions of Drum:-
1) To store the water and steam sufficiently to meet varying load
requirement.
2) To aid in circulation.
3) To separate steam from water-steam mixture, discharged by risers.
4) To maintain a certain desired ppm in the drum water by phosphate
injection and blowdown.

 Various Parts:-
1) Feed Pipe: It Feeds water to drum
2) Separating Chamber: From riser tube steam & water mixture flows
into the drum through narrow annuls
3) Terboseperator: Separate Water & Steam
4) Screen Dryers: Remove moisture from steam
 Down comers:-

• Total =8
• Size=406x32 mm
• Front Side =2
• Rear Side =2
• Left Side =1
• Right side=1
• Platen water wall header =2
 Water wall:-
 Material used : Seamless steel tube of SA 210
 ID : 63.5mm
 Thickness : 6.3mm
 Membrane Panel : Formed by welding 22 tubes ( joined by fins welding)
 Total panel : 83
 Length: 60 to 70 ft.
 Width of panel: 7 ft.

 Furnace:-
 Width : 13.868m
 Length: 10.592m
 Volume : 5494 m3
 Outside skin welding is done with ms sheet and glass wool
 Burners, igniters, oil guns are mounted in the first pass. It is firing zone.
 Superheater:-
 Primary Super heater(LTSH)
 Platen Super heater
 Final Super heater
 Reheater

 Primary Super heater:-

 Steam comes to LTSH in 2 stages called lower bunch and
upper bunch, there are 134 assembly in each bunch.
 Temp. Range :450 ºC to 480 ºC
 Material : SA 210 Gr. A1 , SA 213 T11
 Soot blowing steam is taken from LTSH outlet before
attemperation.
 Platen Super heater:-

 It is Situated in furnace vertically.

 It’s Header are in Pent House.
 Material : SA 213T11, SA 213 T22
 Steam from LTSH comes to platen SH after attemperation.
 There are 29 assemblies. Size of tubes 51 x 7.1 mm.

 Final Super heater:-

 Its Header are in Pent House, header no.13 & 14.

 Situated in furnace vertically behind Reheater.
 having 119 assemblies. Size of tubes 51 x 7.6 mm.
 Material : SA 213 T22 stands to 580 ºC
 Reheater:-

 Situated behind hot section of Superheater.

 Temperature control of superheater is achieved by burner tilt & it also controls
reheater temperature.
 It is in two part front and rear reheater.
 Front contains 59 assemblies at a pitch of 229 mm and rear contains 89
assemblies at a pitch of 229 mm.
 Material : SA 213T11 stands to 550 ºC
 The steam coming from HPT is reheated in RH to 540 ºC

 Economizer:-
 It is placed in between LTSH and APH in second pass of Furnace for
utilization of heat of flue gas for heating feed water.
 It takes the water from HP heater, heated by flue gas and send it to boiler
drum.
 Economizer is in two bunches called lower & upper Bunch.
 Material: Carbon Steel of SA 210Gr.A1 stands up to 450 ºC
 Size: 44.5x4.5mm
 There are 270 assemblies of tubes
 Windbox:-
 Total =13 compartments
 Coal Damper=6
 Oil Damper =3
 Auxiliary Air Damper=4

 Soot Blower:-
 Total =78
 Wall Soot Blower =56 (Steam from SHH10)
 LRSB =20 ( For Super heater and Reheater)
 APH SB =2 (Steam from PRDS)