GB/T7894-2001

National Standard of the People’s Republic of China

GB/T 7894-2001
Fundamental technical requirements for hydro-generators
Replace GB/T 7894-1987

1. Scope

This standard is applicable to 3-phase 50Hz salient pole synchronous generator directly or
indirectly connected to hydraulic turbine (hereinafter refer to as hydro-generator).

Any unspecified matter in this standard shall conform to GB 755-2000 Rotating Electrical
Machines-Rating and Performance. For special requirement, it can be specified in technical
agreement between the user and the manufacturer.

2. Normative Reference

Text contained in the following standards is constituted into the standard through quotation in the
standard. At time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.

GB 156-1993 Standard Voltage (neq IEC 60038:1983)

GB755-2000 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance (idt IEC 60034-1:1996)

GB/T 5321-1985 Heat method for measuring losses and efficiency of large-scaled AC generators
(neq IEC 60034-2A:1974)

GB/T7409.3-1997 Technical specifications for excitation system of large, middle-scaled

synchronous generators

GB8564-1988 Specifications for installation of hydraulic hydro-generator units

JB 8439-1996 Specifications of anti-corona for HV generators used in high elevations above sea
level

JB/T 8660-1997 Packing, transportation and storage specifications for hydro generator units

JB/T 10180-2000 Specifications of elastic metal-plastic segment for thrust bearing of hydro-
generators

DL/T 622-1997 Specifications of elastic metal-plastic segment for thrust bearing of vertical hydro-
generators

3. Applicable environmental conditions

The hydro-generator shall be capable to operate continuously at rated load under the following
conditions:

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a. Elevation above sea level shall not exceed 1000m (based on the elevation of Yellow Sea)

b. Temperature of cooling air shall not exceed 40℃

c. The inlet water temperature for heat exchanger of air cooler, oil cooler and direct water cooler
shall not exceed 28℃ and not below +5℃

d. The inlet water temperature of direct water cooled hydro-generator shall be 30 ℃~40 ℃, and the
conductivity of water shall not exceed (0.5~5)μS/cm

e. Relative humidity inside powerhouse shall not higher than 85%

f. It shall be erected in sheltered powerhouse

4. Specifications

4.1. Basic technical requirements

4.1.1. The hydro-generator under the following conditions shall be able to produce rated output:

a. Under rated speed and rated power factor, the deviation of voltage shall not exceed ±5% of rated
value;

b. Under rated speed and rated power factor, the deviation of voltage shall not exceed ±1% of rated
value;

c. Under rated power factor, in case concurrent windages in voltage and frequency (not exceed 士
5% and 士 1% respectively), the sum shall not more than 6% if both windages are positive, or
the sum of absolute values shall not more than 5% if both windages are negative or one positive
and one negative. (In case the windage in voltage and frequency exceeds the above-mentioned
specification, it shall be able to operate continuously, and the corresponding output shall be
limited to the extent that the filed current is within rated value and the stator current is within
105% of rated value).

4.1.2. Rated power factor of hydro-generator shall generally be:

a. For rated capacity at 50MVA or less, it shall not less than 0.8 (lag);

b. For rated capacity larger than 50MVA but less than 200MWA, it shall not less than 0.85 (lag);

c. For rated capacity above 200MVA, it shall not less than 0.9 (lag).

4.1.3. Rated voltage of hydro-generator shall be decided by the user and the manufacturer, and shall
be conform to related stipulations in GB156.

4.1.4. Rated speed of hydro-generator shall be firstly selected among the following speeds (r/min):

1500 1000 750 600 500 428. 6 375 333.3 300

250 214.3 200 187.5 166.7 150 142.9 136.4 125
115.4 107.1 100 93.8 88.2 83.3 75 71.4 68.2
62.5 60

4.2. Electrical Characteristics

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4.2.1. Capacity

a. The method to improve active power to rated capacity by improving power factor is allowed.

b. Based on the request of the user, maximum capacity can be specified for hydro-generator. The
corresponding power factor, parameters, allowed temperature rise and performance related
continuous operation shall be specified in special technical agreement by the user and the
manufacturer.

c. Hydro-generator shall be capable for long-term operation in leading phase and lagging phase.
The capacity and operation scope in leading phase and lagging phase and the charging capacity
for no-load long transmission line shall be specified in special technical agreement by the user
and the manufacturer.

d. For vertical hydro-generator with 8 or more air coolers, it shall be able to operate continuous at
rated capacity under normal water supply with 1 cooler out of operation, and the temperature
rise at various parts shall not exceed the specified value. For generator with less than 8 air
coolers, the allowed operation capacity with 1 cooler out of operation shall be specified in special
technical agreement.

4.2.2. Temperature rise

4.2.1. Temperature rise for parts such as winding, stator core

Under specified environmental conditions and rated operating conditions, temperature rise at
stator, field winding, stator core and etc of air cooled and direct water cooled hydro-generator
shall not exceed the specifications in Table 1

Table 1 Allowed temperature rise for parts such as winding, stator core K

Heat classification B F
Method of Measurement Th R ETD Th R ETD
Hydro-generator Parts
Stator winding with air cooling 80 85 100 105
Stator core 80 85 100 105
Outlet water of direct water cooled stator
25 25
winding, field winding and stator core
Field winding with two or more layers 80 100
Single layer field winding with naked surface 90 110
Temperature rise at these parts shall not damage the
Other parts without contact to winding
insulation of itself or any of its adjacent part
Sliding ring 80 90
Note:
1. Th—thermal gauge method; R—resistance method; ETD—embedded temperature detection method.
2. For hydro-generator under non-standard operation conditions and ratings (elevation above sea level
exceeds 1000m, air temperature exceeds 40℃ and rated voltage exceeds 11000V and etc.), it can be
corrected according to GB755
3. For hydro-generator with periodic load or frequent startup more than 2 times a day, the temperature

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rise limit specified in the table shall be reduced by (5~10)K

4.2.2. Bearing temperature

Under rated operating conditions, the maximum temperature measured at the bearing of hydro-
generator by embedded temperature detection method shall not exceed the following values:

Babbitt segment of thrust bearing 75 ℃

Plastic body of thrust bearing 55 ℃

Babbitt segment of guide bearing 75 ℃

Babbitt segment of pedestal sliding bearing 80 ℃

4.2.3. Efficiency

4.2.3.1. Rated efficiency

The rated generator efficiency and guarantee under rated capacity, rated voltage, rated speed
and rated power factor shall be specified in special technical agreement.

4.2.3.2. Weighted average efficiency

Weighted average efficiency is the weighted average efficiency of generator under rated voltage,
rated speed and various power factors and different capacities.

Weighted average efficiency of generator is calculated from the equation below, and weighted
factor is to be provided by the user.

Where:

A, B, C … is the corresponding weighted factor under specified power factor and capacity;

η1,η2,η3 … is the corresponding efficiency under specified power factor, capacity and weighted
factor.

The losses and efficiency of hydro-generator shall be measured by calorimetric method as per
GB/T5321.

4.2.4. Parameters and time constant

Electrical parameters of hydro-generator such as synchronous reactance, transient reactance,

hypo-transient reactance, short-circuit ratio and time constant and etc. shall be specified in
special technical agreement.

4.2.5. Harmonic distortion ratio

a. When the stator winding of hydro-generator is connected in normal working condition, the
distortion ratio of sine wave in line voltage under no load and rated voltage shall be:

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 GB/T7894-2001

For rated capacity above 300KVA, it shall not exceed 5%;

For rated capacity of 300KVA and less, it shall not exceed 10%.

b. The telephone harmonic factor (THF) of line voltage under no load and rated speed of hydro-
generator shall be: For rated capacity in the range of 300KVA-1MVA, it shall not exceed 5%;

For rated capacity in the range of IMVA-SMVA, it shall not exceed 3%;

For rated capacity above SMVA, it shall not exceed 1.5%.

4.2.6. Special operation requirements

a. Hydro-generator is allowed for short-time over current under accident. The over current times of
stator winding and corresponding permissible duration shall be decided as per Table 2. However,
the average annual over-current achieved the permissible time specified in Table 2 shall not
exceed 2 times.

Table 2 Allowed Stator Winding Overcurrent Times and Time Relationship

Stator Winding Overcurrent Times

Permissible duration, min
(Stator current/stator rated current)
Stator winding with air cooling Direct cooled stator winding
1.1 60
1.15 15
1.20 6
1.25 5
1.30 4
1.40 3 2
1.50 2 1
Note: For hydro-generator with overload requirement (see 4.2.la), over current times of stator winding and
permissible duration shall be specified in special technical agreement.

b. Hydro-generator field winding shall be able to withstand 2 times of rated field current for a
duration of:

not less than 50s for air cooled hydro-generator;

not less than 20s for direct cooled or reinforced air cooled hydro-generator.

c. In case hydro-generator is operated in asymmetric system, and no phase current is beyond

rated current IN, it shall be able to operate in long-term under the following ratio of negative
sequence component (I2) with rated current (value per unit):

For air-cooled hydro-generator with rated capacity of 125MVA or less, it shall not exceed 12%.

For air-cooled hydro-generator with rated capacity above 125MVA , it shall not exceed 9%;

For stator winding direct cooled hydro-generator, it shall not exceed 6%.

d. In case of transient asymmetric operation under fault, hydro-generator shall be capable to

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operate under the following condition for a short time: the production of the square ratio of
negative sequence current I2 and rated current (per unit value) with the time of asymmetric
operation t（s）（I2/In）2* t shall be:

40s for air cooled hydro-generator;

20s for stator winding direct cooled hydro-generator.

4.2.7. Synchronization system

Hydro-generator shall be adaptable to the operation requirements of peak regulation, frequency

regulation and frequent shutdown in the system. For large/middle sized hydro-generator, it shall
be adopted with automatic quasi-synchronization for synchronization with the system.

4.2.8. Main and neutral leads and phase sequence

4.2.8.1. Main and neutral leads

The number of main leads for stator winding of hydro-generator shall generally be 3 or 6. The
direction of leads, layout and the number of main and neutral leads in stator winding structure
with multiple branches shall be decided by the user and the manufacturer.

The grounding method, grounding device and structural style and technical data of hydro-
generator neutral point shall be specified in special technical agreement.

4.2.8.2. Phase sequence

The phase sequence at the exit of generator shall be: U, V, W horizontally from left to right in
facing of generator lead. For other phase sequence, it shall be specified in special technical
agreement.

4.2.9. Insulation performance and test

a. The insulation resistance of hydro-generator stator winding to enclosure or between windings

shall be calculated based on the following equation when converted to 100 ℃:

Where: R―insulation resistance, MΩ;

UN―rated line voltage of hydro-generator V;

SN―rated capacity of hydro-generator，kVA.

For dry clean hydro-generator, the insulation resistance R t (MΩ) of stator winding under ambient t
(℃) can be corrected by the following equation:

Where: R―calculated heat insulation resistance of winding at 100℃, MΩ.

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b. The insulation resistance of single field pole measured by 500V or 1000V megger under ambient
temperature of +10℃~+30℃ before and after assembling shall not less than 5MΩ. The
insulation resistance of overall field winding after assembling shall not less than 0.5MΩ.

c. The difference between the maximum and minimum DC resistance of generator stator winding
under cold state shall not exceed 2% of the minimum when the error due to the difference in lead
length is corrected.

d. The polarization factor of hydro-generator stator winding R10/R1 (R10 and R1 is the measured
insulation resistance measured at 40℃ after 10min and 1min respectively) shall not less than
2.0.

e. The tangent of normal dielectric loss angle of hydro-generator stator bar (winding) as well as its
increment limit shall be conform to the stipulation in Table 3.

Table 3 Tangent of normal dielectric loss angle as well as its increment limit

Test Voltage 0.2UN 0.2UN~0.6UN

Tangent of dielectric loss angle as well as its
tgδ
increment limit
Index Value, % ≤3 ≤1
Note: UN―rated line voltage of hydro-generator, KV

f. The insulation to ground shall be measured for any thrust bearing, guide bearing, pedestal
sliding bearing of hydro-generator as well as embedded temperature detector with requirement
on insulation, and the insulation resistance measured at +I0 ℃~+30 ℃ shall not less than the
stipulation in Table 1.

Table 4 Insulation resistance of various generator bearings

Insulation
Hydro-generator Measuring
resistance Description
Parts instrument
MΩ
Thrust bearing 1 To be measured before filling lubricating oil after
temperature gauge is erected to thrust bearing and
Guide bearing 1
1000V megger guide bearing
Pedestal sliding only one end shall be insulated for horizontal
1
bearing hydro-generator
Embedded
temperature gauge 1 250V megger
in stator winding
g. For hydro-generator with rated voltage of 6300V or above used in elevation below 4000m or
lower, single stator bar (winding) shall have no corona under 1.5 times of rated line voltage; for
overall dielectric test under 1.0 time of rated line voltage, the end part shall have no obvious
golden bright point and successive corona. For elevation above 1000m, the initial voltage for
corona test shall be corrected as per JB8439.

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h. For hydro-generator with rated voltage of 6300V or above, DC dielectric test under 3 times of
rated voltage and leakage measurement shall be performed on stator winding before AC
dielectric test. Test voltage shall be raised in stable step, and each step shall be 0.5 time of rated
voltage for a duration of 1 min. Leakage current shall be maintained stable without increasing in
extended time, and the difference of leakage current in each phase shall not exceed 50% of the
minimum.

i. Hydro-generator shall be able to withstand 50Hz AC (in actual sine wave) dielectric test specified
in the table below for 1min without damage.

Table 5 Winding AC Dielectric Test Standard

Hydro-generator Parts Factory test voltage (effective value)

Stator winding:
2 times of rated line voltage +3,000V
A For rated line voltage at 24000V or less
As per special technical agreement
B For rated line voltage above 24000V
Field winding:
10 times of rated field voltage (Minimum 1,500V)
A For rated field voltage at 500V or less
2 times of rated field voltage +4,000V
B For rated field voltage above 500V
Note:
1 The test voltage listed in Table 5 is applicable to generator generally assembled or separately
assembled by rotor and stator in the manufacturer’s workshop. The test voltage for handover test shall
be 0.8 time of factory test voltage.
2 For generator separately assembled by rotor and stator at site, if the rotor/stator has passed the
dielectric test as per Table 5 respectively, hand over test will be carried out according to 0.8 time of test
voltage specified in Table 5 after general assembly.

4.3. Mechanical characteristics

4.3.1. Rotation direction of hydro-generator shall be clockwise when looking from non-driven side. For
any special requirement, it shall be specified in special technical agreement.

4.3.2. Rotating part of hydro-generator shall be satisfied with the requirement on GDZ in power station
regulation guarantee calculation and grid stability. It shall be permissible to bring the hydro-
generator into system without any check after load rejection provided that the governor system is
functioned well.

4.3.3. Hydro-generator as well as any auxiliary machine directly or indirectly connected to it shall be
capable to operate for 5min under runaway speed without any harmful deformation. For required
runway time over 5min, it shall be decided by the user and the manufacturer through negotiation.

4.3.4. The structural strength of each part of hydro-generator shall be able to withstand abrupt
symmetric or asymmetric short circuit for 3s under rated load and 105% of rated voltage without
any harmful deformation. Meanwhile, it should also have the capacity to withstand short circuit
for 20s under rated capacity, rated power factor and 105 ％ rated voltage without any harmful
deformation or damage.

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4.3.5. The structural strength of hydro-generator shall also have the capacity to withstand unbalanced
pull caused by half of poles in short circuit and should have no any damage or harmful
deformation.

4.3.6. The structural strength of hydro-generator shall meet the requirements of local earthquake
intensity. The value of earthquake acceleration shall be specified by the user in special technical
agreement.

4.3.7. The respective difference of the maximum/minimum radius to the average radius of stator inner
circle and rotor outer circle shall not exceed 士 4% of the design gap after the assembly of stator
and rotor of hydro-generator.

The difference of the maximum/minimum gap to the average gap between stator and rotor shall
not exceed 士 8% of the average.

4.3.8. For the bracket of vertical hydro-generator furnished with thrust and guide bearing, the
permissible vertical and horizontal vibration in dual amplitude, as well as the vertical vibration in
dual amplitude for horizontal hydro-generator shall not exceed the stipulation in Table 6.

Table 6 Permissible vibration (dual amplitude) limit for hydro-generator

Rated speed (r/min)

Item ≤100 >100~250 >250~375 >375~750 >750
Permissible vibration (dual amplitude),μm
Vertical vibration of thrust bearing
100 80 70 60 50
bracket
Horizontal vibration of guide bearing
140 120 100 70 50
bracket
Vertical vibration of various bearings
140 120 100 70 50
for horizontal unit
Note: The vibration refers to the maximum peak-peak vibration measured under various normal operation
conditions

4.3.9. Under symmetrical load, the vibration in dual amplitude of stator core of hydro-generator at 100
Hz shall not be larger than 30μm.

4.3.10. Noise level measured 1m above the outer rim of hydro-generator cover shall be:

For rated speed of 250r/min and less, it shall not exceed 80dB(A);

For rated speed above 250r/min, it shall not exceed 85dB(A).

4.3.11. After the assembly of generator with turbine, the 1 st critical speed of rotating part shall not be
less than 120% of the runaway speed.

4.3.12. The permissible startup times of hydro-generator for peak regulation shall not exceed 1000 times
normally. For hydro-generator with requirement for peak regulation, it shall be specified in
special technical agreement.

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4.3.13. The vertical deflection of loading bracket of hydro-generator under the maximum axial load shall
be specified in special technical agreement.

4.4. Basic Structural Requirements

4.4.1. Overall Structure

a. The overall structural and layout of hydro-generator shall be decided by the user and the
manufacturer through negotiation.

b. The structure of hydro-generator shall be easy for maintenance, and the lower bracket as well as
other removable parts shall be so designed to allow them to be lifted out through the inner circle
of stator core during overhaul and erection whenever possible. Large-sized unit shall be so
designed to allow the replacement of stator bar and field pole as well as preventive test on stator
winding end and stator core without the removing of rotor and upper bracket.

c. The structure of slip ring, guide bearing and thrust bearing of hydro-generator shall be so
designed for easy dismantling, adjusting and replacing without impact to the rotor and related
parts.

d. The design of upper bracket, frame and lower bracket of hydro-generator shall be easy for
adjustment during erection and shall be free from any abnormal deformation and displacement
under the action of abrupt short-circuit of stator winding, unbalanced magnetic pull under half
poles in short-circuit, unbalanced water thrust as well as vibration.

e. The inherent frequency of brackets, frame and other structural parts of hydro-generator with the
possibility in producing harmful resonance shall be checked to avoid any possible resonance to
the vibration frequency of hydro-generator as well as its multiplication, or the vibration frequency
of rotor and stator core during asymmetrical operation.

f. In order to access and check the slip ring, electrical brush, bearings, brake and speed sensing
device, necessary platform or support or man door or ladder or fence shall be provided. Visual
hole for observing the wearing of electrical brush shall be furnished. Adequate protection shall be
provided around all moving parts and live parts.

g. The hydro-generator shall be decided according to need whether one dust removing system or
related structure shall be furnished to remove the power produced during braking. The detailed
structure and position shall be decided by the user and the manufacturer through negotiation.

h. The pit of hydro-generator shall be furnished with electrical heating, de-humidity system and
lighting system according to need respectively, and the detailed configuration shall be decided
by the user and the manufacturer through negotiation.

i. Insulation shall be furnished on the bearing of hydro-generator as well as other conductive parts
such as stator, frame, supports, seals and detectors according to need to prevent stray current.
The stator frame, bracket, oil cooler, air cooler of hydro-generator, metal piping inside the pit as
well as other parts required for grounding shall be furnished with terminal coupling bolt with
secure grounding. Detailed requirement shall be proposed by the user and specified in special
technical agreement.

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j. Hydro-generator parts such as stator frame, brackets and rotor bracket need to be assembled at
site shall be pre-assembled in factory, and be furnished with orientated linking structure at the
surface dividing segment.

k. The surface of structural parts of hydro-generator shall be clean and coated with protective layer
or adopted with protection measure. Surface color shall be decided based on the sample
provided by the user.

4.4.2. Main structural parts

a. The rotor of hydro-generator shall be furnished with damping winding (or structure with damping
function) normally. In case no damping winding is required, it shall be specified in special
technical agreement.

b. The thrust bearing of vertical hydro-generator can be cooled by self-circulated system with
lubricating oil within the oil sump, it can also be cooled by external self-circulated system
pumped by the rotating ring or external cooling circulation system with oil pump.

c. Hydro-generator shall be allowed to start at oil temperature not less than 10 ℃ when Babbitt
segments are adopted for thrust and guide bearings. It shall also be allowed to start the hydro-
generator immediately after shutdown and to shutdown without braking in case of accident,
however such kind of shutdown shall not exceed 3 times a year.

When high-pressure oil lifting device is furnished at thrust bearing, it shall be allowed to
shutdown without supply of high-pressure oil in case of accident in the high-pressure oil lifting
device.

The allowed harmless operation time under rated capacity when the oil cooler is out of cooling
water supply shall be specified in special technical agreement.

d. For thrust bearing adopted with elastic metal plastic segment, high-pressure oil lifting device
shall be eliminated. When the temperature at oil sump is 5 ℃ and above, the hydro-generator
shall be allowed to start, and heat start immediately after shutdown.

Provided there is no leakage at guide vane, to shutdown the unit without braking shall be
allowed, however such kind of shutdown shall not exceed 3 times a year.

In case of interruption in cooling water supply for oil coolers, the thrust bearing shall be allowed
to operate continuous provided that the temperature of segment is within 55 ℃ and the
temperature at oil sump is within 50℃, and the permissible operation time shall be decided by
the manufacturer.

For the design, manufacturer as well as other parameters and performance for the structure of
thrust bearing and plastic segment, the special technical conditions in JB/T10180 and DL/T622
can be referred.

e. The oil sump for thrust bearing and guide bearing shall be furnished with shielding and tightness
measures to prevent the emission of lubricating oil and oil mist.

4.5. Ventilation and Cooling System

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4.5.1. Hydro-generator can be adopted with the following ventilation and cooling system:

a. Open-type self-circulated ventilation and cooling system (normally applicable to hydro-generator

with rated capacity of 1MVA and less);

b. Pipe ventilation and cooling system (normally applicable to hydro-generator with rated capacity
above 1MVA but less than 4MVA);

c. Close circulated ventilation and cooling system (normally applicable to hydro-generator with
rated capacity above 4MVA ;

d. Direct cooled stator winding and air cooling system for field winding;

e. Direct water cooling system for stator winding and field winding.

For ventilation and cooling system, it is allowed to take part of the hot air from the generator exit
for the heating of powerhouse, the heating and air admission capacity shall be specified in
special technical agreement.

4.5.2. Piping and equipment used in hydro-generator with direct water cooling in winding shall be made
of anti-rust materials. Heat preservation measure shall be adopted for piping in cooling system.

4.5.3. The cooling water pressure for air cooler and oil cooler shall be normally designed at (0.2~0.3)
MPa. The water pressure test for cooler shall be done at 1.5 times of working pressure
(minimum 0.4MPa) for a period of 60min free of any leakage.

4.5.4. Air cooler and oil cooler shall be seamless tube made of purple copper, copper nickel alloy, or
any other anti-rust pipes.

4.6. Braking System

4.6.1. Vertical hydro-generator with sliding bearing and rated capacity above 250kVA shall be furnished
with braking device.

Vertical hydro-generator with rated capacity above 1MVA must be furnished with one set of
mechanical braking device operated by compressed air. The braking system shall be able to lift
the rotating part with pressure oil.

Based on the requirement of the user, it can be furnished with additional electrical braking
device. Normal shutdown can be done by mechanical brake or electrical brake, or both of them.

Based on the requirement of the user, horizontal hydro-generator with braking system can also
be made.

4.6.2. For hydro-generator adopted with mechanical brake, the air pressure shall normally be (0.5-
0.7)MPa. The braking system shall be able to applied continuously from 20%~30% (10%~20%
for generator adopted with plastic bearing segment) of rated speed to stop within the time
specified in special technical agreement.

The braking system shall ensure reliable stop when the torque resulted from turbine leakage is
within 1% of rated torque.

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4.6.3. For hydro-generator with electrical brake only, it shall be applied automatically according to
configured sequence when the speed of rotating part is reduced to 50% of rated speed.

Electrical brake and mechanical brake can be used as a combination for hydro-generator.
Electrical brake will be applied firstly when the rotating speed is reduced to 50% of rated speed;
mechanical brake will be applied later when the rotating speed is reduced to 5~10% of rated
speed till stop.

The current for electrical brake shall be decided based the temperature rise of stator winding and
the required braking time, and be specified in special technical agreement.

4.7. Fire Extinguishing System

4.7.1. For hydro-generator with rated capacity of 12.5MVA and above, water spraying fire extinguishing
device shall be furnished at the end of stator winding. Fire alarm detector (such as smoke
sensor, thermal sensor and infrared) can be furnished at proper locations inside large and
middle-sized hydro-generator, and to startup fire extinguishing device and send signal
automatically according to need.

4.7.2. The water supply pressure for fire extinguishing system shall be (0.3~0.6)Mpa. The circular pipe
for fire extinguishing shall be made of purple copper, copper nickel alloy, or any other anti-rust
pipes.

4.8. Detection System, Device and Component

4.8.1. Hydro-generator shall be furnished with speed measurement device, which has linear
relationship with generator speed and no impact from external interference, to serve as signal
source for governor and signal device.

4.8.2. The stator slot of generator shall be embedded with the following quantity of RTDs to measure
the temperature of stator winding and stator core.

For air cooled hydro-generator:

a. For hydro-generator with rated capacity of 1MVA or less, it is not necessary to embed any
thermal meter;

b. For hydro-generator with rated capacity above 1MVA but less than 12.5MVA , it shall be
embedded with 6.

c. For hydro-generator with rated capacity above 12.5MVA , it shall be embedded with 12; when
the number of branches of stator winding in parallel is greater than 2, each parallel branch in
each phase shall be embedded with 2.

For direct water cooled hydro-generator:

a. 1 to be embedded between upper and bottom layer bars at the outlet of each branch pipe in
parallel of stator winding;

b. 6 to be embedded at the bottom of stator core;

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1 at the inlet/outlet manifold of each set of purified water processing system.

4.8.3. In order to measure the temperature of outlet water at the stator and field windings of direct
water cooled hydro-generator:

a. 1 RTD shall be furnished at the outlet of insulation water pipe for each parallel branch of stator
winding;

b. 1 RTD shall be furnished at the water outlet of each field winding.

Note: For hydro-generator directly cooled by other media, the quantity and location of embedded
temperature detection gauge for winding and core shall be specified in special technical
agreement.

4.8.4. Each air cooler shall be furnished with 1 RTD to measure the temperature of cold air, and at
least 2 air coolers of each generator shall be furnished with 1 RTD for cold air and 1 RTD for hot
air respectively.

The supply or draining manifold of air cooler can be furnished with 1 RTD according to need.

4.8.5. To measure the temperature of thrust bearing and guide bearing, the Babbitt segment of thrust
bearing and guide bearing shall be furnished with at least 2 RTDs and 2 sign thermometers
respectively; the plastic segment of thrust bearing shall be furnished with at least 2 sign
thermometers and each segment shall be furnished with 1 RTD; pedestal sliding bearing shall be
furnished with at least 1 sign thermometer or 1 RTD; the oil sump of thrust bearing and guide
bearing shall be furnished with at least 1 sign thermometer and 1 RTD.

The outlet of cooling water for thrust bearing and guide bearing can be furnished with 1 RTD
according to need.

4.8.6. According to the requirement of the user, thrust bearing, guide bearing or other adequate place
can be furnished with displacement transducer, speed or acceleration transducer to monitor the
vibration and deformation at related parts.

4.8.7. Automatic detection system and device can be selected and adopted by hydro-generator mainly
include: temperature detection device, liquid level detection device, oil level transducer, cooling
water flow indicator, vibration detection device, oil mixed with water detection device, shaft
current detection device, fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing system, powder collection
system, heating and de-humidity detection device, partial discharge detection device, air gap
measurement system and creepage detector and so on.

The specification, type and performance requirement of each automatic detection system and
device as well as related component, the configuration of interface with computer control system,
and the possibility and necessity for selection and adoption shall be decided by the user and the
manufacturer through negotiation.

4.9. Excitation System

4.9.1. The type of excitation system for hydro-generator shall be self-shunt thyristor excitation system.
Based on the requirement of the user, the manufacturer can provide other type of excitation

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system specified in special technical agreement.

4.9.2. Fundamental technical specifications of the excitation system shall conform to GB/T7409.3.

5. Scope of Supply

The following contents shall be included in the scope of supply for hydro-generator:

a. Generator main body and accessories (cover assembly, wind shield assembly, oil, water and air
piping assembly, braking device and etc.);

b. Full package of excitation system;

c. Speed measurement device for speed governing and signal (excluded if no speed governing
system);

d. Full package of water processing equipment, water supply and backup devices for direct water
cooled hydro-generator;

e. Spare parts (as per special technical agreement. Table 7 is for reference only);

Table 7 Main spare parts for hydro-generator

Quantity
Description Unit
1~2 units 3~4 units More than 5 units
Stator bar (upper layer) Unit-set 1/15 2/15 3/15
Stator bar (bottom layer) Unit-set 1/30 2/30 3/30
Stator multiple circle lap winding Unit-set 1/15 2/15 3/15
Thrust bearing segment Unit-set 1 1 1
Upper guide bearing segment Unit-set 1 1 1
Lower guide bearing segment Unit-set 1 1 1
Sleeve bearing segment (horizontal
Unit-set 1 1 1
bearing)
Air brake pad, seal ring and spring Unit-set 1 1 1
Yoke key Pair 1 2 3
Pole key Unit-set 1/8 1/8 1/8
Slip ring and electrical brush Unit-set One set for each unit
Slip ring brush box and spring Unit-set 1/4 2/4 3/4
Bearing insulation plate, insulation socket
Unit-set 1 1 2
and etc
Pole winding (various type) set 1 1 1
Damping ring connector Unit-set 1/10 2/10 3/10
Stator slot wedge 1/3 of spare upper layer bar
According to the need of one pitch span of stator
Insulation wrapping material
winding
Resistance temperature gauge set 2 for each type of each unit
Resistance temperature gauge with set 1 of each type for each unit

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electrical contact
1/10~1/20 of various types of bolts required for
Magnetism press bolt Unit-set
each unit
Note:
1 “Unit-set” refers to the quantity required for each unit.
2 For stator multiple circle lap winding (Item 3), the minimum quantity shall be the quantity required for 1, 2
and 3 pitches respectively.
3 Any change to the quantity or type of spare parts shall be decided by the user and the manufacturer
though negotiation.

f. Special tools and equipment for installation (to be specified in special technical agreement);

g. Installation drawings and technical documents.

6. Test and Acceptance

6.1. Each (set) product shall be qualified before ex-work and be attached with quality certificate.

6.2. Some necessary tests carried out in factory shall be attended by representative from the user (details
to be specified in special technical agreement). For hydro-generator which can’t be generally
assembled in factory, it shall be performed with handover test or trial operation test after
assembled at site under the instruction, inspection and supervision of technical supervisor(s)
from the manufacturer according to national standard and technical document of manufacturer or
related specifications.

6.3. Factory test items for hydro-generator shall be mainly included with:

a. Magnetization characteristic and loss test for silicon steel sheet;

b. Chemical composition and/or mechanical performance test for material of key parts (rotating
shaft, rotor bracket, punching sheet, thrust collar, rotating ring and etc.);

c. Rotor single winding resistance and insulation measurement as well as stator and
rotor single winding dielectric test;
d. Inter-turn dielectric test for stator multiple circle lap winding;

e. Stator single winding medium loss angle tgδ in clod and hot state as well as normal
increment measurement, and the measurement of initial voltage for corona.
f. Check on the part dimensions and assembly dimensions, and perform necessary pre-assembly
for parts (stator frame segments, disc-type rotor bracket, guide bearing and thrust bearing
assembly and cover plate, wind shield plate assembly and etc.);

g. Pressure test for cooler and brake;

h. Water pressure and flow test for direct water cooled stator winding bar and field winding;

Note: For generator with stator and rotor assembled at factory, the factory test items shall also be included with
item a)~j) listed in sub-clause 6.4.

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6.4. Site handover test items for hydro-generator shall be mainly included with:

a. Magnetization (loss) test for stator core (For rated capacity of 12.5MVA or less, it can be decided
based on user’s need);

b. Water pressure, flow and leakage test for direct water cooled stator and field windings;

c. Measurement of winding to ground and inter-winding insulation resistance;

d. Measurement of insulation resistance for RTD;

e. Measurement of actual DC resistance at cold state;

f. DC dielectric test of stator winding to enclosure;

g. Power frequency AC dielectric test for winding to ground and inter-winding;

h. Stator winding overall corona voltage test (not required for rated capacity of 12.5MVA or less and
rated voltage below 6300V);

i. Measurement of capacitance for stator winding to ground (not required for rated capacity of
12.5MVA or less);

j. Measurement of AC reactance for each pole of rotor (For rated capacity of 12.5MVA and less, it
can be decided based on user’s need);

k. Measurement of bearing insulation resistance (not required for rolling bearing without insulation);

l. Oil-gas-water system test (pressure and functional test).

6.5. Site commissioning and performance test items for hydro-generator shall be mainly included with:

a. Measurement of bearing temperature;

b. Measurement of vibration;

c. Calibration of dynamic balancing (if necessary);

d. Over speed test;

e. Measurement of phase sequence;

f. Measurement of shaft voltage (not required for rolling bearing without insulation);

g. Short time over current and over voltage test;

h. Measurement of no load characteristic;

i. Measurement of 3-phase short-circuit characteristic in stable state;

j. Measurement of rated field current and voltage variation ratio;

k. Measurement of distortion ratio of voltage sine wave and telephone harmonic factor (THF);

l. Load rejection test;

m. Measurement of noise level;

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n. Measurement of winding reactance and time constant (for hydro-generator with rated capacity
above 500KVA only);

o. Efficiency and loss measurement (for loss of generator thrust bearing, only the part of loss
caused by the rotating part will be counted);

p. Temperature rise test;

q. Over/under excitation and leading phase operation test (can be performed as per user’s
requirement);

r. 3-phase abrupt short-circuit test (can be performed as per user’s requirement);

s. Runaway speed test (can be performed as per user’s requirement);

Note: Item m~ Item s are items for performance test, which will be performed on one unit selected by the user
within warranty period.

7. Nameplate, Packing, Transportation and Storage

7.1. The nameplate of hydro-generator shall be indicated with:

a. Product description;

b. Name of country;

c. Manufacturer;

d. Reference no. of this standard or technical condition;

e. Reference no. of product;

f. Product type;

g. Rated capacity (MVA);

h. Rated voltage (V);

i. Rated current (A);

j. Rated frequency(Hz);

k. Phases;

l. Stator winding wiring method;

m. Rated power factor (cosØ);

n. Rated field voltage (V);

o. Rated field current (A);

p. Rated speed (r/min);

q. Runaway speed (r/min);

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r. Insulation class;

s. Ex-work date.

7.2. The packing, transportation and storage of hydro-generator, excitation device and all accessories
shall be satisfied with the requirement of JB/T8660. The manufacturer’s warranty period of
packing quality shall be at least 1 year starting from the shipping date under proper
transportation and storage.

7.3. Parts of hydro-generator, no matter shipped together or separately, shall conform to related
stipulations on product transportation, handling and reinforcing issued by transportation
department. Stator winding and rotor winding of direct water cooled hydro-generator shall be
taken with measures against freezing during transportation in winter.

7.4. Hydro-generator, excitation device and all accessories shall be stored in well-shielded warehouse
upon shipped to site, and the following parts shall be stored in dry warehouse with temperature
not less than +5℃:

a. Stator winding and stator after barring;

b. Rotor winding and pole assembly;

c. Stator and rotor punching sheet;

d. Thrust bearing and guide bearing;

e. Rotating shaft;

f. Sliding ring;

g. Air cooler, oil cooler and heat exchange of direct water cooled generator;

h. Water processing equipment for direct water cooled generator;

i. High pressure oil lifting device;

j. Excitation device and speed measurement device;

k. Precise instruments, various kinds of panel and cubicles, transformers, electrical insulation parts
and etc.;

l. Special materials (such as lubricating oil and insulation paint) shall be stored according to
manufacturer’s description.

7.5. The manufacturer shall inform the consignee with information such cargo description, quantity, cases,
references, shipping date, train number while making the shipment.

8. Trial Operation and Warranty Period

8.1. Trial operation and handover acceptance shall be performed for hydro-generator as well as its
accessories after the completion of installation and test at site before put into official operation.
Trial operation and handover acceptance shall be performed according to related stipulations

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such as GB/T8564.

8.2. Each hydro-generator shall have trial operation to verify the successive commercial operation
capability of the unit, and the duration of trial operation shall be 72h. Preliminary acceptance
certificate shall be issued by the user when the test is qualified.

8.3. The warranty period of hydro-generator shall be 2 years after put into operation under proper
management, installation and use according to this technical condition and related technical
conditions, however the period shall not exceed 3 years from the shipping date of last shipment.
The manufacturer shall fix or replace any damage or malfunction due to bad quality in
manufacture during this period.

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