‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪:(EARTHING‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪SYSTEM) -‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ( ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٢‬ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺖ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٣‬ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣـﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٤‬ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻛـﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖﺗﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊﻫـﺎﻱ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﮔـﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٥‬ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫـﺎﺩﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺴـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٦‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﺠـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻮﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻱ ﺫﻭﺏ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﭘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻴﭽﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ )ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ( ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﭗ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﺸﻮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺷـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻲﻣﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٧‬ﭘﻼﻙ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻼﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻘـﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻱ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻗﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻗﻮﻱ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺸﻪ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﻨﮕﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﺩﺝ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺸﻪ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﻨﮕﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﺩﺝ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺣﻔﺮ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺧﻮﺍﺑﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻫﺎﺩﻳﻬﺎ )ﺳﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ(‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺵ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻱ‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻲﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻄﺒﻴـﻖ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﭘﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺴـﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺣﻤﻞ ﻗﺮﻗﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺧﻮﺍﺑﺎﻧﻴﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮊ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫‪ .١٠‬ﺯﺩﻥ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻛﺎﺩ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﻮﺷﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ" ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭼﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﺍ" ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪ .١٣‬ﻓﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ" ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳـﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻚ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥‬ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﺑﺎﻧﻴﺪﻥ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺱ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺳـﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ .١٦‬ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺕ ‪ROD -‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪Solid Copper Earth Plate -٢‬‬

‫‪Earth Equipment Mat -٣‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﻛﻠﻤﭗ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺕ‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﻛﻠﻤﭗ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻛﭽﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪Rod To Cable Clamp -٦‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪U Bolt Rod To Tape Clamp -٧‬‬

‫‪Split Bolt Connector -٨‬‬

‫‪Rod Bracket -٩‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪Cable Clip‬‬ ‫‪-١٠‬‬

‫‪Flexible Connector -١١‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪Horizontal Cross -١٢‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

Horizontal Tee Connection -١٣

Parallel Horizontal Connection -١٤

Parallel Connection To Rod -١٥

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪ -١٦‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﺸﻮ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫‪CADWELD‬‬
‫‪Alumino thermic Welding system‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ALUMINUTHERMIC‬ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺲ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺿـﻌﻒ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴـﺎﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ‪:‬‬

 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺮﺱ ﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﮔﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﭘﻮﻟﻚ ﺗﻪﭘﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻗﻼﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻧﻬﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﻠـﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٦‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﺷﻨﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫‪ .٧‬ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﭼﺎﺷﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺏ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻨﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٨‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺵ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٩‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺪﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﮔﻴﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪.١٠‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺩﻙ ﺗﻤﻴﺰﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.١١‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺬﺍﺏ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻣﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺬﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﭘﻮﻟﻚ ﺗﻪ ﭘﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺫﻭﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟﺤﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺫﻭﺏ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﻮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﻢﻣﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭼﺪﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﺸﻮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪CADWELD‬‬

‫• ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻤﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺴﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﺩﻱﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‬

‫• ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪ CADWELD‬ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬