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Globalization
Relevance of this course
Primarily an economic process.
1. Studying the outside world is a cure to
5 Characteristics of Globalization
parochialism or an outlook that is limited to one’s
immediate community.
1. The expansion and intensification of social
2. It is important to study the world because it can relations and consciousness across world-
teach you more about yourself. time and across world-space. – Manfred
Steger
3. You need to study the world because you will be 2. Globalization involves the creation of new
interacting with it. social networks and the multiplication of
existing connections.
3. Expansion, stretching and acceleration of
Lesson 1: What is Globalization? these networks.
4. Intensification and acceleration of social
The story of Gio, Latif and the Laksa exchanges and activities
5. Globalization processes do not occur merely
Gio- a second year international affairs
at an objective, material level but also
student in a university in Cebu City.
involve the subjective plane of human
Latif- from a Muslim University in Kuala
consciousness.
Lumpur.
International Model UN competition in Globalism
Sydney Australia- competition about
international politics. Is a widespread belief among powerful
Hawker centers- food park people that the global integration of
Best malaysian cuisine- nasi lemak and economic markets is beneficial for
laksa everyone.
Laksa- a rice noodle soup in a spicy
coconut curry sauce. Globality
Flat whites- an espresso drink similar to latte.
Still connected to other through facebook Is a social condition characterized by
and instagram. globalization, political, cultural,
Gio moved to Singapore as an OFW. environmental interconnectedness,
Orchard Road- singapore’s main borderless irrelevant.
commercial road. Manifestation- value of individualism and
competition
Two Premises existence of
economic system of
1. Globalization is a complex phenomenon private property.
that occurs at multiple levels. Communal & cooperative- social
relations which is less capitalistic.
Hyperglobalists
“Not all states are nations and not all nations are
-one of the fundamental principles of
states”
modern state politics.
Examples
Internal Sovereignty
1. The nation of Scotland has its own flag and
national culture but still belongs to a state -no one can operate in a given national
called United Kingdom.
territory by ignoring the state.
2. Many believe that Bangsomoro is a
separate nation withing Philippines but the External Sovereignty
authority still recognizes it as a Philippine
State. -a state’s policies and procedures are
other states.
-refers to a country and its government.
Nation
Four attributes of State
- “imagined community”
1. Citizen
- It is limited because it does not go beyond a
Bases in determining principles given “official boundary”
Jus Sanguinis
Jus Soli The Interstate System
Naturalization
-the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, Sweden,
Smallest State- Singapore & Vatican and the Dutch Republic designed a system that
would avert wars in the future.
Largest State-China & Russia
Treaty of Westphalia
2. Territory
3. Government -a set of agreements signed in 1648 to end the Thirty
Years War between the major continental powers
-agency in which the will of the people are of Europe.
established, limited &defined.
Napoleon Bonaparte
3 structures of government
-believed in spreading the principles of the French
1. Executive Revolution (liberty, equality and fraternity)
2. Judiciary
3. Legistative
- an advocate of the unification of the
Napolenic Wars
various Italian-speaking mini-states and a
major critic of the Metternich system.
-1803-1815
- Believed in Republican Government
Napoleonic Code
Woodrow Wilson
-forbade birth privileges, encouraged freedom or
- Influenced by Mazzini
religion and promoted meritocracy in government
- US president
service.
- 20th century’s most prominent internationalist
Concert of Europe - he forwarded the principle of self-
determination (the belief that the world’s
-alliance of “great powers” nations had a right to a free and sovereign
government.
-sought to restore the world of monarchical, - Became the most notable advocate for the
hereditary and religious privileges of the time before creation of the League of Nations.
the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars.
Karl Marx
Internationalism
- Also an internationalist but who differed
-one window into the broader phenomenon of from the former because he did not believe
globalization. in nationalism.
- He did not divide the world into countries,
Two categories
but into classes.
Capitalist Class
1. Liberal
-owners
2. Socialist
Proletariat Class
-workers
Immanuel Kant
Friedrich Engels
- first major thinker of liberal internationalism
2. Security Council
-refers to the various intersecting processes that
create this order. Most powerful
15 members
Sources of global governance Two year term of office
Permanent 5(P5) – China, France, Russia,
1. States signs treaties and form organizations, UK and US
in the process legistating public international The SC takes the lead in determining the
law. existence of threat to the peace or an
2. Powerful transnational corporations can act or aggression.
likewise have tremendous effects on global
labor laws, environmental legistation and 3. Economic and Social Council
trade policy. the principal body for coordination,
policy review, policy dialogue, and
International Organization
recommendations on social and
environmental issues, as well as the
refer to international intergovernmental
implementation of internationally
organizations or groups that are primarily
agreed development goals,
made up of member-states.
54 members
One major fallacy about international
Three years term of office
organizations is that they are merely
amalgations of various state interest.
4. International Court of Justice
IOs Power of Classification to settle, in accordance with
international law, legal disputes
1. They create powerful global standards. submitted to it by authorized United
2. IOs have the power to fix meanings. Nations organs and specialized
3. IOs have the power to diffuse norms. agencies.
United Nations
5. Secretariat
5. Digital Media
rely on digital code
Media Herbert Schiller
a means of conveying something, such as argued that not only was the world being
channel of communication Americanized, but that this process also led
plural of medium to the spread of “American” capitalist
values like consumerism
Technologies of mass communication
John Tomlinson
1. Print Media
Books, magazines and newspapers cultural globalization is simply a euphemism
2. Broadcast Media for “western cultural imperialism” since it
Radio, film and television promotes “homogenized, westernized,
3. Digital Media consumer culture”
Internet and mobile mass
communication Critiques of Cultural Imperialism
the medium is the message. studied the ways in which different viewers
he used his analysis of technology to in the Netherlands experienced watching
examine the impact of electronic media. the American soap opera “Dallas”
he declared that the television was turning
the world into a “global village” Elihu Katz and Tamar Liebes
against Donald Trump began with a tweet Multiple attributes of global city
from a Hawaii lawyer and became a global
movement. 1. Economic power
2. To measure the economic competitiveness
Splinternet of a city
The Economist Intelligence Unit
various bubbles people place themselves in criteria
when they are online 1. Market size
2. Purchasing power of citizens
Cyberbalkanization 3. Size of the middle class
4. Potential for growth
the phenomenon 3. Global cities are also centers of authority
4. The cities that house major international
Vladimir Putin
organizations may also be considered
centers of political influence
a Russian dictator who hired armies of
5. Global Cities are center of higher learning
social media to manipulate public opinion
and culture
through intimidation and the spreading of
fake news The challenges of global cities
Global City
Saskia Sassen