INTRO TO PHILOSOPHY PAMIMILOSOPO- Is someone who’s trying

to be clever and may sometimes irritate us or

amuse us.
PHILO + SOPHIA PYTHAGORAS
“Love” of “Wisdom” and his followers
THE BEGINNING OF DOING PHILOSOPHY

PYTHAGORAS MILETUS- trade hub of ancient times

- Leader of the Pythagoreans - Millesians
- Philosophy is a way of life like religion - It is where philosophy is born
- Gave importance to contemplative life - Melting pot of ideas
- Anything could be explained through THE PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY
numbers -Miletus as fishing village and center for trade
PHILOSOPHY Was the ideal place for the first practice of
1) Set of principles people live by. philosophy to emerge
2) General guideline in life THE MILESIANS
3) Personal Codes THALES
4) Purposes in life
*way of seeing and making sense of the world.

*Having a philosophy does not mean that a

person is automatically Philosophical

GREEK IONA- Ancient greek

PHUSIS- Nature of things, ‘Nature’ in English. ANAXIMANDER ANAXIMENES
TRIUMVIRATE
RATIONAL- Reasons
RADICAL- Deep thinking SOCRATES

600 BC- Thales the militus diverged from the PLATO

mythological tradition.
“How do things come to be, change and pass away” ARISTOTLE- richest tutor in history
SOCRATES
- Exemplary philosopher ALEXANDER THE GREAT
- WISEST of the Athenians
*NOT BECAUSE HE KNOWS, BUT HE HYLOZOIST
KNOWS THAT HE DOES NOT KNOW HYLO- stuff or things
ZOE- Life
SOCRATES AND THALES
-Curiosity THALES- the earth is flat
REVOLUTION
-Thirst for knowledge -mathematician
= Change
-Humility -astronomer
PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS ANAXIMANDER- reality is infinite or apeiron
-Open ended -earth is cylindrical
3 characteristics of Philosophical questions -Attempted to be the first cartographer
according to Isaiah Berlin ANAXIMENES- air holds our soul together
1) Often broad or very general -supported thales with flat erth theory
2) No single Methodology -all heavenly matters are likesaucers floating in the
3) No practical utility air
EAST AND WEST PHILO.
Study of Art What can life be
WEST- REALITY- curiosity about world and Esthetics
and beauty like?
reality
-make use of heavy logic
-Breaks down ideas SYNOPTIC- WHOLE TO WHOLE
-‘I’ individually DIALECTIC- (+) thesis
EAST- RELIGION- to satisfy their Gods and - (-) antithesis
people -(=) Synthesis
-Makes heavy se of religion ROMANTIC- FEELINGS
-focuses more on integration of ideas DEDUCTIVE- WHOLE TO PARTS
-“We” oneness INDUCTIVE- PARTS TO WHOLE
ANALYTIC- PART – PART
CHRONOLOGICAL DIVISION OF
PHILOSOPHY METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
ANCIENT A B C D
UNDERSTANDING REASONING BELIEF ILLUSION
MEDIEVAL -Using SMA -Using the Forming Perception
intellect new Of senses
MODERN ideas
from
external
CONTEMPORARY
objects
APPROACHES TO PHILOSOPHY
WORLD OF FORMS WORLD OF IDEAS
1) ANALYTIC- part to part
-philosophical questions are not solved but it
DIVIDED LINE- (Knowledge and opinion)
dissolves
-Primary
2) SPECULTIVE- Methaphysical philosophy
-Secondary
-find an underlying explanation or general principle
-Tertiary- poets and artist should be banished acc.
that could explain reality
To plato
- Aims to reach some general conclusions as to the
-Belief should not be the basis for real knowledge
nature of the universe
-for platoREASON is higher the
3) REDUCTION- understanding of complex
UNDERSTANDING
ideas by reducing them to the parts or individul
4) HOLISTIC- System as a whole
PLATO’S METHAPHYICAL SYSTE
- Absolute, unchanging, ageless, eternal
THEORY AND PRACTICE - Everything in this world is considered as
T W/O P- Daydream
apperances (representation)
P W/O T- Nightmare
- Knowledge must have an ultimate bases for
T W/ P – Reality
it is absolute and unchanging for knowledge
Study of is remembered
Metaphysics What's out there?
Reality - The World of soul has immediate and direct
contact
Study of How do I know
Epistemology Good
Knowledge about it?
Study of Right What should I Abstract
Ethics
or Wrong do?
Mathematical
Study of What actions are
Politics
Governance permissible?
Material objects
THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
-Fire is the source of everything FORMAL EMPIRICAL
- as the prisoner is dragged out he will then realize - Corresponds to - Correspond to
that the sun is the source of true and knowledge whos the knowledge
good of all things main concern is whos main
THE SOCRATIC METHOD the validation. concern is the
- Known as the series of questions and - Characterized by faculty of
answers the consistency experience
of the system - the formal
METHOD BY SYSTEMATIC DOUBT
knowledge
- Exercise in skepticism could be
rejected
- Experience
could prove you
wrong later on.
NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE

COHERENCE THEORY
-The self - Concerned with the well formed formulas
-The GOD (WWF)
-The material objects - Definitions are considered as tautologies. –
-REASON is an important source in gaining the saying of the same thing twice.
knowledge about reality PRAGMATIC THEORY OF TRUTH
-DOUBTING Is a form of thinking - Gives value to the successful application of
concepts and statements to the world.
KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM AND OPINION
- Knowledge and wisdom start with opinion SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE
and assumptions
STAGES OF APPREHENSIONS FACULTY OF REASON
PERCEPTION- the way that you notice or - The peple in the side of knowledge are
understand something using your senses called rationalist philosophers.
-EXTERNAL and INTERNAL - Construed as an analytic faculty
ABSTRACTION- Involves the use of intellect - Also known as sense of perception
CONCEPTS- Building blocks of knowledge FACULTY OF EXPERIENCE
JUDGEMENT- Involves proposition making that - Has to do with the use of the five senses
could either be true or false about the world - It use the correspondence theory of truth in
verifying the truth of these empirical
SENTENCES- Has no true value statements
STATEMENT FACULTY OF INTUITION
- Deals with the immediate or direct
ANALYTIC EMPIRICAL recognition of self evident truth
Truth or falsity of The truth or falsity on
knowledge clam could the experience
be found within the
statement -posteriori statement

-priori statement