CHITKARA SCHOOL OF PLANNING & ARCHITECTURE,

CHITKARA UNIVERSITY

ARV4104 -- BUILDING MATERIALS & CONSTRUCTION – II

LECTURE ON
TIMBER FLOORS

PRESENTED BY:-
AR.SHAFFALI JOSHI
 • FLOORING: THE HORIZONTAL SURFACES ENCASED AND SUPPORTED
ON NECESSARY WALLS AND PILLARS IN A STRUCTURE TO PROVIDE
ACCOMMODATION TO ITS USERS ARE TERMED AS FLOORS. THESE
FLOORS DIVIDE A STRUCTURE INTO STOREYS.

• TYPES OF FLOORING:
1. BRICK FLOORING
2. FLAG STONE FLOORING
3. CEMENT CONCRETE/CONGLOMERATE FLOORING
4. TERRAZO FLOORING
5. MOSAIC FLOORING
6. WOODEN FLOORING.
TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN FLOORING:

1. BASE/ BASE COURSE – THE PREPARED SURFACE ON WHICH THE

FLOOR TOPPING OR UNDER LAYER IS LAID. IT USUALLY CONSISTS OF
100 MM THICK LAYER OF SAND FOR GROUND FLOORS.
2. UNDER LAYER – THE COURSE OF MATERIAL LAID BETWEEN TOPPING
AND BASE. IT CONSISTS OF LEAN C. CONCRETE OR LIME CONCRETE
OF 80-100 MM THICKNESS.
3. TOPPING – THE TOPMOST LAYER OF A FLOOR LAID OVER THE UNDER
LAYER IS TOPPING. SOMETIMES, IT FORMS THE FINISHED SURFACE
OF THE FLOOR ALSO OF THICKNESS 40 MM.

4. FLOOR FINISH – THE

SPECIAL LAYERS LAID TO
FORM THEIR UPPER
SURFACE OR WEARING
SURFACE, WHICH
NORMALLY RENDER
SURFACE FINISH IS FLOOR
FINISH, EXAMPLE- MOSAIC
OR TERRAZO FINISH, OF
NORMALLY 10-30 MM
THICKNESS.
• TYPES OF FLOORING:

1. BRICK FLOORING

2. FLAG STONE FLOORING

3. CEMENT CONCRETE OR CONGLOMERATE FLOORING

4. TERRAZO FLOORING

5. MOSAIC FLOORING

6. WOODEN FLOORING.
WOODEN FLOORING
UNFINISHED
UNFINISHED MEANS THE TIMBER FLOORING COMES WITH NATURAL
APPEARANCE AND DELIVERY TO SITE. ALL THE SANDING AND COATING WILL BE
DONE ON SITE. THE COATING THAT USE IN UNFINISHED FLOORING IS WATER
BASED COATING.

PREFINISHED
PREFINISHED MEANS THE TIMBER FLOORING COMES WITH FINISHING ON THE
SURFACE AND DELIVERY TO SITE. THERE IS NO SANDING AND COATING REQUEST
ON SITE, BECAUSE ALL THE COATING ALREADY DONE IN FACTORY. THE COATING
THAT USE IN PREFINISHED FLOORING IS UV COATING.

SOLID WOOD FLOORING COMES WITH A SINGLE PLANK OF WOOD AND IT’S
PURELY NATURAL AND LESS MANUFACTURER PROCESS.

ENGINEERED TIMBER FLOORING IS A TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION WOOD

WITH MADE BY A TOP LAYER, CORE LAYER AND BOTTOM LAYER.

HARDWOOD FLOORING IS MADE OF PLANKS MILLED FROM A SINGLE

PIECE OF TIMBER. SOLID HARDWOOD FLOORS WERE ORIGINALLY USED
FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES, BEING INSTALLED PERPENDICULAR TO
THE WOODEN SUPPORT BEAMS OF A BUILDING KNOWN AS JOISTS OR
BEARERS.
TYPES OF TIMBER FLOORS:

1. LAMINATED WOODEN FLOORS:

2. ENGINEERED WOOD FLOORS:

3. SOLID HARD WOOD FLOOR :

TYPES OF HARDWOOD FLOORS:

1. BASEMENT/ GROUND FLOOR

2. SINGLE JOIST HARDWOOD FLOOR

3. DOUBLE JOIST HARDWOOD FLOOR

4. TRIPPLE JOIST OR FRAMED HARDWOOD FLOOR

 Single joist Double joist Triple joist
(framed)
3.6 to 7.5m More than 7.5m
Below 3 m

Bridging joist
Strutting
Joist

Bridging joist
1.8m to 2.4m
Binders

Girder

Binder
 PRECAUTIONS
• SOIL BELOW TIMBER FLOOR – COVERED WITH PCC 1:2:4 (100 TO 150 MM THK).

• DPC – EXTERIOR WALL + TOP OF THE DWARF OR SLEEPER WALL

(SHORT WALL USED TO SUPPORT FLOOR JOISTS, BEAM AND BLOCK OR HOLLOWCORE

SLABS AT GROUND FLOOR. IT IS CONSTRUCTED IN THIS FASHION WHEN A SUSPENDED SLAB

IS REQUIRED DUE TO BEARING CONDITIONS OR GROUND WATER PRESENCE).

• WELL SEASONED TIMBER IS USED.

• HOLLOW SPACE BETWEEN BOTTOM OF

CONCRETE AND FLOOR LEVEL IS FILLED

UP WITH SELECTED EARTH.

Basement / Ground Floor of Hardwood
Auditorium – dances and dramas.
Filling of selected earth

wall
Bridging joists
Floor Boards
F.L.
D.P.C.

1.2 to 1.8m
G.L. Wall plates
Sleeper wall

10 to 15 mm Cement course
Single joist Hardwood floors

c Joist
Span (below 3m)

Strutting

a b

PLAN
D e ta i l a t c ’

Air space
Floor boards

Joist

Wall

Wall plate Ceiling

Section on AB

Joist
Wedges
Floor boards

300 – 400 mm

Herring bone strutting

Double Joist Hardwood Floors

1.8m to 2.4m
3.6 to 7.5m

300mm

Binders
Bridging joist
@ 300 mm c/c

PLAN
Methods of fixing Binders with Joists

Floor boards
Notched joint

Bridging Joist Bridging Joist

Cogged Binders
Joint
Fillet
Disadvantages

The weight of the floor is

thrown on the few points on
the wall.

Depth of the floor is increased by use

of binders and accordingly, the Bridging Joist

height of the room is decreased.

Binders
F r a m e d o r Tr i p l e J o i s t H a r d w o o d F l o o r s

Bridging joist

Binders
More than 7.5m

3m

Girders

PLAN
Details of Framed Hardwood Floors

Floor boards
Bridging joists
Furring piece

Girders

Binder Binder

Ceiling
Tusk and tenon joint
Ceiling joist
Floor boards :
Pugging:
• @ top of the bridging joist
• In order to make timber floor sound proof.
• Width : 100 – 200mm
• Pugging plaster – mixture of chopped
• Thk : 20 – 40mm
straw & mortar.
• When subjected to heavy
• Insulated boards are supported on fillets.
traffic - thk: 60- 80mm

Floor ceiling :
Bridging joists
• Underside of the floor, improve
appearance.
Fillets • Plaster boards, asbestos cement sheets.
Insulating boards
• Rest on the bridging joists / binders.