Standards and Testing

Taiwan seminar 29 Nov 2018

Peter Hauge Madsen

DTU Wind Energy
Approval for subsidy
Certification for approval by
authorities
Marketdriven certification
Standards not a monopoly
DK standard International standards of the wind sector
Component standardization
2 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark
Standard
Standard (ISO) - a document that provides Benefits:
requirements, specifications, guidelines or
characteristics that can be used consistently
to ensure that materials, products, processes
and services are fit for their purpose.

From ”A world built on standards”, Danish Standards Foundation

2015
DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark
Standards & Certification
Standard (ISO) - a document that provides
requirements, specifications, guidelines or
characteristics that can be used consistently to
ensure that materials, products, processes and
services are fit for their purpose.

Certification (ISO) – the provision by an

independent body of written assurance (a
certificate) that the product, service or system in
question meets specific requirements.

4 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

Standards and certification scheme
 Design standards:
 DS/EN/IEC
 DS/EN/ISO
 Certification demands:
 DS/EN/IEC 61400-22 (minimum)
 Under consideration for optional certification
guidelines
 IECRE various OD and RoP
 DNVGL – certification guidelines

5 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 22. november 2018

Levels of standardization
- Danish, European and international

Three levels:
• International
Wind Turbines IEC TC 88

• European (Regional)
Wind Turbines CLC TC 88

• Danish (National)
Wind Energy Systems – DS S-588

• Industry standards

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

 Standardisation
national versus international

Global Parallel voting IEC(/ISO) TC88

Europe EU-harmon. CENELEC (/CEN)

CLC TC88

National DS, DIN S-588

S-588 chair since the beginning in 1989: Peter Hauge Madsen (Risø…DTU)
TC-88 chair starting 1988 Carl Jø rgen Christensen (Risø )

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

IEC standardization for wind turbines
Technical committee TC 88 formed in 1988 in order to develop standards for wind turbine
generators
National standardization start mid 80’s, initiated by R&D community

d)
a) Safety & functional requirements c)
b)
a)
b) Test methods

c) Certification procedures

d) Interfaces & Component

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Slide 8

 IEC61400-serie
• IEC 61400-01 Design requirement
• IEC 61400-02 Small wind turbines
• IEC 61400-03 Design requirements for offshore wind turbines
• IEC 61400-03-1 Design requirements for offshore wind turbine
• IEC 61400-03-2 Design requirements for floating offshore wind turbines
• IEC 61400-04 Design requirements for wind turbine gearboxes
• IEC 61400-05 Wind Turbine Blades
• IEC 61400-06 Tower and foundation design
• IEC 61400-07 Safety of WTG power converters
• IEC 61400-11 Acoustic noise measurement techniques
• IEC 61400-12-1 Power performance measurements
• IEC 61400-12-2 Power performance based on nacelle anemometry
• IEC 61400-12-3 Wind Farm Power performance testing
• IEC 61400-12-4 Power performance verification of electricity producing wind turbines based on numerical site calibration
• IEC 61400-13 Measurement of mechanical loads
• IEC 61400-14 Declaration of sound power level and tonality
• IEC 61400-15 Assessment of site specific wind conditions for wind power stations
• IEC 61400-21 Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics of grid connected wind turbine
• IEC 61400-22 Conformity Testing and Certification of wind turbines
• IEC 61400-23 Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades Offshore wind turbine design
• IEC 61400-24 TR Lightning protection requirements:
• IEC 61400-25 Communication for monitoring and control of wind power plants -
• IEC 61400-26-1: Time based availability for wind turbines IEC 61400-01 Design requirement
• IEC 61400-26-2: Production-based availability for wind turbines
• IEC 61400-26-3 Ed. 1 IEC 61400-03-1 Design requirements for
• IEC 61400-27-1 Electrical simulation models for wind turbine generation
offshore wind turbine
• IEC 61400-27-2 Electrical simulation models for wind power plant generation
• IEC 61400-30 Safety of the WTGs General principles for Design (EN 50308 Protective measures - Requirements for design,
operation and maintenance)
• IEC 61400-40 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
• IEC 61400-101 TC88 Restructuring 61400-Series PT101
• IEC 61400-415 Terminology
• IECRE WE-OMC arbejdsgrupper for -22 og end-user
9 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 22. november 2018
Type Certification Scheme (IEC 61400-22 and OD-501 Ed.2 )
Design basis
evaluation

Foundation design
Design evaluation
evaluation

Foundation
Manufacturing
manufacturing
evaluation
evaluation

Type testing

Type characteristics
measurements

Final evaluation Optional module

Type certificate

IEC
1114/10

10 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 22. november 2018

IEC61400-1 T-class (?)

11 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Introduction of EGV Certification 22. november 2018
Scheme
IEC 61400-3-1 Design Requirements for fixed
offshore wind turbines

12 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 28 November 2018

Project Certification Scheme (IEC61400-22 and OD-502)
Project certification of type-certified wind turbines
• site conditions evaluation;
• project design basis evaluation;
• integrated load analysis evaluation;
• site-specific wind turbine RNA design evaluation;
• support structure design evaluation;
• other installations design evaluation; (optional)
• wind turbine/RNA manufacturing surveillance;
• support structure manufacturing surveillance;
• other installations manufacturing surveillance; (optional)
• project characteristics measurements; (optional)
• transportation and installation surveillance;
• commissioning surveillance;
• final evaluation; and
• operation and maintenance surveillance. (optional)

13 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 22. november 2018

Type Certification Scheme (IEC 61400-22 and OD-501 Ed.2 )
Design basis
evaluation

Foundation design
Design evaluation
evaluation

Foundation
Manufacturing
manufacturing
evaluation
evaluation

Type testing

Type characteristics
measurements

Final evaluation Optional module

Type certificate

IEC
1114/10

14 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 22. november 2018

 Prototype Testing
Blade testing

15 28 November 2018
 Test sites

Ø sterild Test Centre

DTU Risø Campus

Høvsø re Test Station

16 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 28 November, 2018
DTU Wind Energy – Wind Turbine Testing

•Tem/WTT has been accredited to preform Power curve measurements

since 1997 and load measurement since 1998

•WTT are fully accredited to perform Power and load measurements

according to IEC standards both as ISO 17025:2005 via ILAC/DANAK
and as IECRE testlab.
(http://iecre.org/members/testlabs/retl/dtu/retl-std-scope.htm)

17 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

Typical DTU activities on our test sites
–Power curve testing WTT
–Structural load testing WTT
–Calibration of Lidar(s) WTT
–Provide data to industry WTT
–Analysing data WTT
–Reporting WTT

18 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 28 November,

2018
 Accreditation as a test laboratory
Why:
• Aims to create more confidence in
the services we provide.
• Ensures high credibility of our test
reports and calibration certificates.
• Ensures the necessary capabilities
and competencies in our
laboratory.
• Based on EU rules
• It is a check of our "laboratory"
Requirements:
• To build and maintain our quality system
according to ISO 17025: "General
requirements for the competence of
testing and calibration laboratories “
• It means a management system with
quality documents, procedures,
instructions, internal audit, evaluations,
reports, corrective actions and treatment
of deviations.
• Traceability in measurements and sensor
calibration.
 Accredited test and calibration areas
Test
• Determination of wind turbine power curve (multiple IEC 61400-12-1.ed.1,2005
methods) + IECRE certification. IEC 61400-12-1.ed.2,2017 (mult.
• Determination of wind turbine yaw error. methods)
• Wind resource measurement. MEASNET. ver.5, 2009
• Wind Shear measurement. FGW part2. rev.17, 2018
• Correction of wind speed measured by the nacelle IEC TS 61400-13, 2001
anemometer to free wind speed (NTF) IEC 61400-12-2:2013
• Determination of wind turbines Structural Loads +
IECRE certification. IEC 61400-13. ed.1, 2015

Calibration
• Calibration of “Ground Based” Lidar, type WindCube There is no international standard,
• Calibration of “Nacelle Based” Lidar, type Wind Iris so an internal procedure is use and
verified by DANAK.
 Power Curve Measurements & Verification
Nacelle Lidar EUDP - First measurements (2010)

Experimental set up:

• lidar mounted on the nacelle (behind the
rotor)
• slightly tilted so measures at hub height at
2D
• laser beam pulsed forward in 2 LOS
• follows turbine orientation
always measures directly upwind

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

Power curve for standard wind sector (defined
for a mast)

Nacelle lidar measuring at the

Mast top mounted cup at hub
same height and the same
height west from turbine
distance as the cup

Nacelle lidar always measures upwind

Better correlation between the measured free wind and the wind at
the turbine
Reduction of the statistical uncertainty

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

 Company Insight
Our unique history

Year Event
1981 First static test at Risø Campus
1984 First fatigue test at Risø Campus
1985 Test Centre established in Sparkær
1997 Test hall for test of up to 40 m blades built in Sparkær
2005 Blade Test Centre A/S (BLAEST) established
2006 Test hall acquired for test of blades up to 60 m in Aalborg
Aalborg
2014 The Sparkær facility closed
2015 Test hall in Aalborg extended for test of blades up to 85 m
85 m
Test programme

•Mass and natural frequency measurements

•Static test (normally 4 directions)

•Fatigue test (normally edgewise and flapwise)

•Post-fatigue static test (normally 4 directions)

•Reporting
 Natural frequencies

Hand exitation
Flapwise (1st and 2nd mode)
Edgewise (1st and 2nd mode)
Torsion (1st mode)
Structural damping
 Modal analysis

Hammer excitation
Response in different
sections
All modes up to 20 Hz
Correlation between mode
shapes
 Static testing
Automatic high speed load application
(< 10 min. to full load)
Deflection measurements
Dual-axis loading possible
400 strain gauge channels, sampling
rate up to 250 Hz
Real time strain plotting
Camera monitoring, inside/outside
 Fatigue testing
Edgewise horizontal
Flapwise vertical
400 strain gauge channels, sampling
rate up to 250 Hz
Deflection
Power efficient electrical exciters
Oscillation amplifiers
Monitoring and inspection
Requirements to the IEC 61400 standards series

• Logical, simple, easy to use

• Cover the needs all major stakeholders
• OEMs and component suppliers (supply chain)
• End Users (regulators, developers, financial, utilities, public)

• Cover the full life cycle

• Consistent with existing terminology and practices
• Clear and consistent scopes
– Stringent procedures for scope management
• Parts with a specific technical scope (specialist teams)

• Suitable for but not governed by certification

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark Testing and certification, next steps in November 2012
DK
Reorganizing standards for industry
Hierarchial system
IEC 61400-101: Wind Turbines – Part 101:
General Requirements for Wind turbine
Plants,
which as the basic standard in the 61400
series shall provide the basic requirements
that tie the standards in the series into a
complete set of requirements to wind turbines
and wind turbine plants.
30 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark
• The task of the PT101 team is to write a
new 101 standard, including a hierarchy of
the standards, give guidance on the use and
also collect the general requirements for the
standards.
• Furthermore develop a separate document
providing a roadmap for the future
maintenance and update of the other
standards in the 61400 series. This roadmap
includes a list of requirements for each
standard to comply with the new hierarchy
of the system.
IEC 61400 standards series future

31 DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 27. november 2018

Thank you for your attention