VALVES

1. Define a valve.
Valve is a piping component, which control, regulate, divert the fluid flow in pipe,
vessels, etc)

2. What is the difference between a valve and a tap?

Valve both the ends connected with pipes but tap one end (discharge end) always
open.

3. What are the different types of valves you know?

Gate valve, globe valve, check va
lve, ball valve, safety relief valve, control valve,

4. Where each type of valve is used? – Give the Application and not industry.
Boiler pipe line- safety relief valve (steam pressure relieve), globe valve – pipe line
flow regulate, gate valve – pipe flow fully close and fully open , check valve – back
hammering pressure restrict( auto control)

5. Name the parts of a valve.

Body , bonnet , disc, stem , yoke sleeve, gland , gland bush , stud and nut

6. What are the materials used for major parts of a valve?

Carbon steel , alloy steel, stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, super duplex
stainless steel, aluminum bronze material.

7. Why different materials are used for major parts of a valve?

Different Flow media, different working condition, different environment.

8. What are the different methods of fixing a seat ring on a valve body?
Welding, threading, flaring (press fitting).

9. Where screwed seat rings are used?

Dissimilar material and welding fusibility problem

10. What is meant by Hard - facing?

Hard - facing is depositing the hard metal on rubbing, moving and seating area.

11. Why hard-facing is done on seat ring?

To minimize the seat ring wear.

12. What are the different kinds of hard-facing?

Welding & plasma spraying.

13. Is disc or wedge also hard faced?

Yes.

14. Which will have higher hardness – seat ring or disk? Why?
Seat ring will have higher hardness, lesser hardness wedge easily replaceable

15. What material type is used for Ss hard facing?

Stellite#6

16. What is stellite? Why this is used for hard facing and where it is applied?
The combination of cobalt, chromium, tungsten is stellite. This combination having
higher strength compare to base metal. Applied area seating surface.

17. What is the process of stellite hard facing – give the complete process.
Depositing the hard, corrosion resistant material over the soft metal.

18. What is the purpose of a back seat and where it is located?

Back seat located at bonnet upper side. Purpose is to restrict the leaks via gland
packing.

19. How back seat bush is fixed?

Screwing and welding

20. What is the general angle of wedge on a gate valve body?

4.76 deg.

21. How the axis of stem, disc and seat ring are aligned in a globe valve?
Perpendicular axis to flow line (same axis)

22. How the axis of wedge and stem and the gap between seat rings are
aligned in a gate valve?
Sliding

23. Is there a heat treatment done on a valve? Which part is heat treated and
why? What type of heat treatment is done?
Heat treatment done on valve components like body, bonnet, disc and stem etc not
on the valves. Depends on material heat treatment process will vary e.g. Carbon
steel annealing, normalizing, ss- solution annealing.

24. How a valve body casting is inspected – Describe physical as well as NDE.
Visual, dimensional, nde like rt, pt, mpt

25. What is the type of thread machined on stem and stem nut? Why?
Acme thread, clockwise direction closing we will apply more human force.

26. What are the different kinds of packing used in a valve?

Graphite packing, ptfe packing, garlock packing

27. What are the different types of gaskets used in a valve? Why there are
differences or different kinds? Where each type is used?
Graphite with ss316 insert, spiral wound ss 316 with graphite filler, RTJ.
Gasket selection based on pressure and design of body bonnet joint

28. What are the standards are normally used in valve applications?
API, BS, ANSI, ASTM, ASME

29. What are the different kinds of testing applied in a valve industry – Give list
of tests on each type of valve.
Shell test, back seat teat, seat test, air seat test, fet test, cryo test
Testing requirement based on api 598. /bs6755 part -1

30. What is an automated valve?

Actuators operated valves

31. What are the different types of automations used in valve industry? Why
this difference?
Electrical actuators, pneumatic actuators, usage based on resources availability.

32. What you look for when you witness a hydraulic test – shell test, seat test,
back seat test?
Amount of Leakage with respect to pressure.

33. When valve is tested with water, why at all it should be tested with air?
What is the reason for testing it with air at 100 psig?
To verify the minor leak.

34. What is meant by class of valve?

Pressure withstanding capacity and design of valve thickness.

35. Name different classes and their applications?

150# ,300 # ,600# etc.

36. Is there a difference in testing of valves for different classes? What are
they?
Difference is there, except air seat all other pressure different.

37. What is Nb while defining a valve?

Nominal bore is nb

38. What is the relationship between Nb and actual size?

Nb- outer diameter same for all schedule.

39. What is spot facing and what should be its diameter?

Twice the hole diameter.

40. What are the different kinds of flange faces?

FF, RF, RTJ

41. What will be the normal finish of raised face on a valve?

125 TO 250 MICRO INCH (1.6 TO 3.2 MICRO METER)

42. What should be the general finish of a gasket face?

60 TO 75 MICRO INCH

43. What kinds of fasteners used in valves?

STUD AND NUT & EYE BOLT AND NUT TYPE CARBON STEEL, ALLOY STEEL,
STAINLESS STEEL

44. Name different materials of standard fasteners and their applications?

STUD AND NUT & EYE BOLT AND NUT TYPE CARBON STEEL, ALLOY STEEL,
STAINLESS STEEL

45. Is a special eye bolt to hold the gland required for different kinds –
material-wise – of valves? Why?
Different working condition, different environment

46. How a pressure seal bonnet / self sealing bonnet works? Where is it
applied?

47. What is the purpose of a by-pass valve used with valves?

TO WARM UP THE FLOW LINE AND PRESSURE BALANCING WEDGE BOTH

SIDE.

48. What are special applications valves? Where they are used?
CRYO VALVES. -196 DEG SERVICE.

49. What are the precautions required for a motor operated valve while fixing
motor or gear with hand wheel?
TORQUE REQUIRED FOR OPERATION AND OPERATING TIME.

50. What is NACE standard? Where it is applied in valves?

NACE STANDARD ARE APPLIED FOR SOUR ENVIRONMENT. TO AVOID

SULFIDE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING THE HARDNESS OF WETTED
PARTS MAINTAINED 22HRC MAXIMUM.