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Influence lines are important in the design We learned that shear and moment
of structures that resist large live loads. diagrams are important in determining the
maximum internal force in a structure.
In our work up to this point, we have
discussed analysis techniques for structures If a structure is subjected to a live or
subjected to dead or fixed loads. moving load, the variation in shear and
moment is best described using influence
lines.
Once the influence line is drawn, the Although the procedure for constructing an
location of the live load which will cause the influence line is rather simple, it is
greatest influence on the structure can be important to remember the difference
found very quickly. between constructing an influence line and
constructing a shear or moment diagram
Influence lines represent the effect of a Tabular Procedure for determining the
moving load only at a specified point on a influence line at a point P for any function
member. (reaction, shear, or moment).
Whereas shear and moment diagrams 1. Place a unit load (a load whose magnitude is equal to
represent the effect of fixed loads at all one) at a point, x, along the member.
points along the member.
2. Use the equations of equilibrium to find the value of
the function (reaction, shear, or moment) at a specific
point P due the concentrated load at x.
3. Repeat Steps 1 and 2 for various values of x over the 1. Place a unit load (a load whose magnitude is equal
whole beam. to one) at a point, x, along the member.
4. Plot the values of the reaction, shear, or moment for 2. Use the equations of equilibrium to find the value of
the member. the reaction, shear, or moment at a specific point P
due the concentrated load as a function of x.
Influence-Line Equations Procedure for Example: Let’s draw an influence line for the reaction,
shear, and moment for both points A and B using the tabular
determining the influence line at a point P for method.
any function (reaction, shear, or moment).
A B
Example: First, let’s construct the influence line for the Example: First, let’s construct the influence line for the
vertical reaction at point A vertical reaction at point A
1 1
MA x=0 MA
x=5m
Ay Ay
Fy 0 Ay 1 Ay = 1
Fy 0 Ay 1 Ay = 1
Example: First, let’s construct the influence line for the Example: First, let’s construct the influence line for the
vertical reaction at point A vertical reaction at point A
1
MA
A B
x = 10 m
Ay
5m 5m
Ay
Fy 0 Ay 1 Ay = 1 1
Example: Construct the influence line for the bending Example: Construct the influence line for the bending
moment at point A moment at point A
1 1
MA x=0 MA x=3m
Ay Ay
M A 0 M A 1(0 m ) MA = 0 M A 0 M A 1(3 m ) MA = -3 m
CIVL 3121 Influence Lines - Introduction 4/7
Example: Construct the influence line for the bending Example: Construct the influence line for the bending
moment at point A moment at point A
1 1
MA x=6m MA x = 10 m
Ay Ay
Example: Construct the influence line for the bending Example: Construct the influence line for the shear
moment at point A at point B
A 1
B MA
x
Ay
5m 5m
MA
Fy 0 Ay 1 Ay = 1
x
-3 m
-6 m
-10 m
Example: Construct the influence line for the shear Example: Construct the influence line for the shear
at point B at point B
1
MA MA
x
x<5 x>5
B 5m VB B 5m VB
1 1
Fy 0 VB 1 1 VB = 0
Fy 0 VB 1 VB = 1
CIVL 3121 Influence Lines - Introduction 5/7
Example: Construct the influence line for the shear Example: Construct the influence line for the bending
at point B moment at point B
1
MA
A B x
1
5m 5m
VB
1 M A 0 M A 1x MA = -x
Example: First, let’s construct the influence line for the Example: First, let’s construct the influence line for the
bending moment at point B bending moment at point B
1
MB MB
x
x<5 x>5
B 5m B 5m
x x
1 1
MB = 0 MB = 5 - x
5m 5m B
A 5 ft. 5 ft.
MB
MB = 0 MB = 5 - x
(m)
x
-5 m
CIVL 3121 Influence Lines - Introduction 6/7
Example: Construct the influence line for the shear at C Example: Construct the influence line for the moment at C
A C B
A B
3 ft. 9 ft. 5 ft. 5 ft. 5 ft.
Since beams or girders are usually major load– Concentrated Force - Since we use a unit force (a
carrying members in large structures, it is dimensionless load), the value of the function
important to draw influence lines for reaction, (reaction, shear, or moment) can be found by
shear, and moment at specified points. multiplying the ordinate of the influence line at the
position x by the magnitude of the actual force P.
Once an influence line has been drawn, it is
possible to locate the live loads on the beam so
that the maximum value of the reaction, shear, or
moment is produced.
w = w(x) y x
x
x
x
x x
x w x y w ydx
ydx is the area under the influence line
CIVL 3121 Influence Lines - Introduction 7/7
Example: The beam below is subject to a dead load of 1.5 kN/m and a Example: Determine the maximum positive moment that can be developed
single live load of 10 kN. Determine the maximum negative moment created at point C on the beam shown below due to a single concentrated live load of
by these loads at point A and the maximum positive shear at point B. 8 k, a uniform live load of 3 k/ft., and a beam weight (dead load) of 1 k/ft.
A B C
A C B
4 ft. 4 ft. 4 ft.
5m 10 m
Any questions?