Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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Abstract
This paper is a compilation of works of Tagalog written by different scholars from
the year 1940-1954. This research serves as a summary of their analyses and perspectives
on the language and the rationale behind their work.
The list consists a total of 108 works. Among the works are dictionaries, journals,
articles and books published. The list is arranged in chronological order. Within each year
of publication, the authors are arranged in alphabetical order. Some of the annotations
written by previous authors, who have also compiled a bibliography of linguistic works,
were used as references because some sources were not accessible to the researchers.
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AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954
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INTRODUCTION
This paper is a survey of works of the Tagalog published in 1940-1954. Tagalog refers to
the language spoken by people who live in and its nearby provinces (Kess, 1967). Bibliographies
used in this study are of Johnson’s (1996)
A bibliography of Philippine linguistics and Ward’s
A bibliography of Philippine linguistics and minor languages,
(1971) both with extensive lists of
papers and works on various philippine languages. This paper aims to present works in Tagalog
from the said timeline in order to describe and narrate the historical relevance of events to
Tagalog studies. This research will serve as an aid to future researches on Tagalog, specifically on
the years 1940-1954.
From the aforementioned bibliographies, works from the years 1940-1954 were singled
out. Any work which had Tagalog in their titles, descriptions or anything that referred to or was
based on the Tagalog language were included. Some annotations from Ward (1971) and Johnson
(1996) were kept and are shown below. For works which are accessible, the authors of this paper
provided annotations and missing publisher’s details. There are also other works cited in the
University of the Philippines Integrated Library system. Aside from the abovementioned sources,
no other database was used.
A collection of 108 works from 1940-1951 are included in this survey. The list is
arranged chronologically and in alphabetical order by last name. Annotations of works taken
from Ward (1971), Johnson (1996) and Cunanan (2014) are retained. Books available in the
libraries of UP Diliman were personally accessed and annotated by the researchers. The following
notations are used for location:
Annotations done by the researchers are marked as Z for Zara, R for Ruben and M for
Marika. A modified version of Ward’s (1971) categorization of content is used in this study:
1. COMP: Comparative
2. EDUC: Education, manuals for the purpose of teaching Tagalog
3. GRAM: Grammars, divided into phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics
4. HIST: Historical
5. LEX: Lexical, word lists and dictionaries
6. ORTH: Orthography
Context
The 1935 Constitution saw the legislation of a provision which promotes the development
and the adaptation of a common national language based on the languages of the Philippines
(Article XIV, Sec. 3). President Manuel L. Quezon pressed for Commonwealth Act No. 184 (1936)
for the creation of the Institute of the National Language (INL) to direct the selection, propagation
and development of the national language. Upon the creation of the INL in 1937, they
recommended Tagalog as the basis for the adoption of the national language which was signed by
the President in the same year (EO 134). This claim was based on expert opinion that Tagalog
was heavily studied, widely used and accepted by majority of the Filipinos at that time. In
addition to that, Tagalog has a rich literary tradition. Hence many of the works thereafter were on
Tagalog and the National Language.
Shortly after that, in 1940, EO 263 issued the teaching of the national language, popularly
known as Tagalog, in all private and public schools. Majority of the works in this survey focused
Tagalog: the national language
on teaching Tagalog in schools such as Buck’s (1940) , Lopez’s
A manual of the Philippine national language
(1940a) , Mundo’s (1941)
The coining of words and
the teaching of Tagalog, Teaching the national language to the Ilocanos
Alvarez’s (1946) ,
Everyday Tagalog
Alejandro’s (1946) , Catindig’s (1947)
Ang pagturo ng pagbasa ng wikang
Tagalog [The teaching of reading in Tagalog]
, Villanueva’s (1947b)
Improved methods of teaching
the National language in secondary schools
,
A manual for teaching the national language in the
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954
Magandang Pananagalog
for foreigners and non-Tagalogs] and Agoncillo’s (1953a) [Good
Tagalog Speech].
Not only are these grammar books which give lists of words and give the rules
of the grammatical structure of the Tagalog languages, these grammar books contain exercises
for mastery of the language. Many have instructions and/or translations in English which may
have been meant for foreign or non-Tagalog speaking learners.
Furthermore a massive publication of dictionaries and vocabularies was observed. A total
of 13 dictionaries were published during this timeframe: Calip, J.R. & Calip, P.’s (1941)
English-Tagalog-Ilokano Vocabulary, Studies on Tagalog Lexicography #1,
Lopez’s (1941) Sato’s
A Tagalog-English dictionary,
(1944) English-Tagalog Vocabulary,
Panganiban’s (1946) Dizon’s
Dictionary in English, Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan
(1947) ,
Laya & Silvina’s (1947)
Basic Tagalog
Vocabulary
, Talasalitaang Tagalog-Ingles
Leon’s (1947) [Tagalog English Vocabulary], Mundo’s
Talatinigang Panlukbutan,
(1948) Enriquez & Guzman’s (1949)
Pocket dictionary: an
English-Tagalog vocabulary,
Aspillera’s (1950b)
Basic words in Tagalog, A National
Language-English Vocabulary Panukalang Talatinigang Ingles-Tagalog
(1950), (1950-1952), and
Ku’s (1945)
A study of Tagalog.
Numerous debates surface regarding the problems and issues brought about by the
implementation, establishment and teaching of the national language such as
Frei’s (1947)
Tagalog as the Philippine national language,
Abad’s (1948)
Problems in the teaching of national
language,
Martinez’s (1954)
The development of the teaching of National Language in the public
schools in the Philippines.
On Trinidad’s (1940) survey, he concluded that the problem is bilingual
in nature. His study shows that students with no previous training on reading and writing in
Tagalog can express themselves in Tagalog fairly well and could write compositions in Tagalog
better compared to English. He claims that the parentage of pupils and language used at home are
factors that contribute to the ability of the children to read and write.
It was only after the Japanese invasion that the Americans put back English as the
medium of instruction. At this time, Tagalog was a compulsory subject in elementary and high
school.
Out of the 108 works that were found, 40 of them focus on the issue of the national
language. These are only the ones that pertain to the study of Tagalog as the national language,
the studies on acquisition of children, and the numerous workbooks and exercise books that
were published.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954
Conclusion
References
National Commission for Culture and the Arts. (2015, April 29).
Filipino Language in the
Curriculum - National Commission for Culture and the Arts
. Retrieved December 10, 2015,
from
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954
http://ncca.gov.ph/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-disseminationscd/lang
uage-and-translation/filipino-language-in-the-curriculum/
1940 MDB.
Castrence, P.S. (1940) Tagalog tongue. March 12. p.12.
In Ward, J.H. (1971).” Theo 3”
VII who have no previous training to read and write in the National
Language. Results show that the pupils can express themselves in
Tagalog fairly well, could write compositions in Tagalog better
compared to English, and that the parentage of pupils and language
used at home are factors that contribute to the ability of the children to
read and write.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “ Writ; Comp 5; Soc; Ped 5; Acq. This deals with the
relation of language learning in school to the language of home, and
other sociological factors.”
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex; Hist 4; Subtitle: Tagalog Words for Spanish
Loan Words.”
1944 PR
Icasiano, J.M. (1944b) Tagalog could be better. 2:40-43.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Writ 1; Ped. This deals with national language
orthography, principles of and instructional use of grammars. It gives
very little data.”
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Gram; Ped. This was prepared exclusively for
non-Tagalog regions. It contains Tagalog and English texts.”
1947 PFP,
Orata, P. T. (1947) Tagalog and our national language. 38
(May) 5-7.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Soc; Theo 3”
1948 STM.
Darad, J. (1948) Chinese Flavors in Tagalog Stew. 3 (June 27):
22-23.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex; Hist 4. This is said to deal partially with
borrowed words.”
1948 Unitas
Santamaria, A. (1948) La doctrina Tagala de 1593. , 21(4):
881-897.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Text 3; Writ 2: Hist 2. A few pages are reproduced
from the 1593 work. Major attention is directed to ancient Tagalog
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954
1950 A manual for teaching the national language in the second year high
school (non-Tagalog students)
. (1950). Manila, Philippines: Bureau
of Print.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6053 P5 1950
R: Educ. This manual serves as a guide for teachers who are teaching
the national language for second year high school students who are
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954
1950 BTLV
Lopez, C. (1950). Reduplication in Tagalog. 101:151-311.
(Other Eds: Rev. 1948; 1950).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph 1,2. This is a detailed treatment with a
system of classification for types of reduplication and employment of
these types in different classes of words both with and without
affixation. Word classes treated are nouns, verbs, pronouns, numerals,
adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections.”
1950-1952 WP
Panukalang Talatinigang Ingles-Tagalog. . 1(3)-1950: 21-28;
1(4)-1950: 19-30; 1(5)-1951: 17-32; (6): 20-27; (7): 17-28.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Lex 4. Title Translation Suggested English-
Tagalog Dictionary.”
1950 ENSM
Suarez, Vedasto, G. (1950) Tagalog in legal parlance. , (5)
(Nov. 11): 6-7.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Lex; Soc 3.”
1952 Veyra, Jaime C. de (1952) When the name Filipinas was first
applied to the Philippines.
Journal of the Philippine Historical
Society.
2(1) 42-54.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 1; Hist. This is a historical article in which
place names of significant geographical importance are discussed.”
1953 .
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1953a). Magandang PananagalogKadipan
.
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Gra, 3. Title Translation: Good Tagalog Speech.”
1953 Manuel, E.A. (1953) Ang unlaping hin- o him- sa Tagalog - isang
Kadipan
pag-aaral. (February).
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph 2. Title translation: The prefix hin- or him-
in Tagalog-- a study.”