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Survey of works on Tagalog written in 1940-1954


Compiled by: Zara Mazalene Amerila, Marika Yamada Desembrana Angel Ruben Roxas

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Abstract
This paper is a compilation of works of Tagalog written by different scholars from
the year 1940-1954. This research serves as a summary of their analyses and perspectives
on the language and the rationale behind their work.

The list consists a total of 108 works. Among the works are dictionaries, journals,
articles and books published. The list is arranged in chronological order. Within each year
of publication, the authors are arranged in alphabetical order. Some of the annotations
written by previous authors, who have also compiled a bibliography of linguistic works,
were used as references because some sources were not accessible to the researchers.

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Key Words: Tagalog, Tagalog language, Philippine languages, Philippine linguistics,


bibliography

 
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

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Survey of works on Tagalog written in 1940-1954

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INTRODUCTION

This paper is a survey of works of the Tagalog published in 1940-1954. Tagalog refers to
the language spoken by people who live in and its nearby provinces (Kess, 1967). Bibliographies
used in this study are of Johnson’s (1996) ​
A bibliography of Philippine linguistics and Ward’s
A bibliography of Philippine linguistics and minor languages, ​
(1971) ​ both with extensive lists of
papers and works on various philippine languages. This paper aims to present works in Tagalog
from the said timeline in order to describe and narrate the historical relevance of events to
Tagalog studies. This research will serve as an aid to future researches on Tagalog, specifically on
the years 1940-1954.

From the aforementioned bibliographies, works from the years 1940-1954 were singled
out. Any work which had Tagalog in their titles, descriptions or anything that referred to or was
based on the Tagalog language were included. Some annotations from Ward (1971) and Johnson
(1996) were kept and are shown below. For works which are accessible, the authors of this paper
provided annotations and missing publisher’s details. There are also other works cited in the
University of the Philippines Integrated Library system. Aside from the abovementioned sources,
no other database was used.

A collection of 108 works from 1940-1951 are included in this survey. The list is
arranged chronologically and in alphabetical order by last name. Annotations of works taken
from Ward (1971), Johnson (1996) and Cunanan (2014) are retained. Books available in the
libraries of UP Diliman were personally accessed and annotated by the researchers. The following
notations are used for location:

1. Archives - UP Diliman Main Library, Archives and Records Depository


2. Education - UP Diliman, College of Education Library
3. Filipiniana - UP Diliman Main Library, Filipiniana Section
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

4. Reference - UP Diliman Main Library, General Reference Section


5. Vargas - Jorge B. Vargas Museum, Filipiniana Research Center

Annotations done by the researchers are marked as Z for Zara, R for Ruben and M for
Marika. A modified version of Ward’s (1971) categorization of content is used in this study:

1. COMP: Comparative
2. EDUC: Education, manuals for the purpose of teaching Tagalog
3. GRAM: Grammars, divided into phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics
4. HIST: Historical
5. LEX: Lexical, word lists and dictionaries
6. ORTH: Orthography

Context
The 1935 Constitution saw the legislation of a provision which promotes the development
and the adaptation of a common national language based on the languages of the Philippines
(Article XIV, Sec. 3). President Manuel L. Quezon pressed for Commonwealth Act No. 184 (1936)
for the creation of the Institute of the National Language (INL) to direct the selection, propagation
and development of the national language. Upon the creation of the INL in 1937, they
recommended Tagalog as the basis for the adoption of the national language which was signed by
the President in the same year (EO 134). This claim was based on expert opinion that Tagalog
was heavily studied, widely used and accepted by majority of the Filipinos at that time. In
addition to that, Tagalog has a rich literary tradition. Hence many of the works thereafter were on
Tagalog and the National Language.
Shortly after that, in 1940, EO 263 issued the teaching of the national language, popularly
known as Tagalog, in all private and public schools. Majority of the works in this survey focused
Tagalog: the national language​
on teaching Tagalog in schools such as Buck’s (1940) ​ , Lopez’s
A manual of the Philippine national language​
(1940a) ​ , Mundo’s (1941) ​
The coining of words and
the teaching of Tagalog, ​ Teaching the national language to the Ilocanos​
Alvarez’s (1946) ​ ,
Everyday Tagalog​
Alejandro’s (1946) ​ , Catindig’s (1947) ​
Ang pagturo ng pagbasa ng wikang
Tagalog [The teaching of reading in Tagalog]​
, Villanueva’s (1947b) ​
Improved methods of teaching
the National language in secondary schools​
,​
A manual for teaching the national language in the
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

second year high school (non-Tagalog students) ​


(1950), Tablan’s (1950) ​
Mga layunin, paksa at
pamaraan sa pagtuturo ng wikang pambansa ​
[Objectives, goals and method of teaching the
,​
national language]​ Functional Expressions in the National Language, ​
Serion’s (1951) ​ Alejandro’s
Iba’t-ibang pamamaraan sa pagtuturo ng wikang pambansang Pilipino ​
(1951) ​ [Different Methods
of Teaching the national language of the Pilipinos], Alejandro, et al’s (1951) ​
Pagsasalita at
pagsulat, ​
Alejandro’s (1952b) ​
Factors that make for effective teaching of National language,
Banghay ng aralin sa wikang pambansa (Para sa una at ikalawang baitang) [Outline of lessons in
the national language for first and second years or grades] (1952), Labay’s (1953) ​
Observation in
teaching the national language among non-Tagalog students ​
and Alejandro’s (1954) ​
A handbook
of Tagalog grammar (with exercises) based on the official Balarila and especially written for
non-Tagalog English-speaking students of the Filipino national language​
.
Between 1941-1944, was the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines, Tagalog was
favoured by the Japanese and writing in English was not encouraged. Removing western
influence was Japan’s plan for dominance in Asia. This was reflected in the 1943 constitution
which legislated Tagalog as the national language and removed English and Spanish as official
languages. Many of the writers who could write freely were in other countries. Several linguistic
works by Japanese scholars are found in this time period. After the occupation, some works were
found in Japan such as a dictionary with no author, a Tagalog-English dictionary (1940)
supposedly found in Keio Kenkyushitsu University in Japan. Though the 1943 Constitution was
short lived and the 1935 Constitution was returned, the issue of the national language did not
leave the academic sphere. Martinez (1954) quoted that the Japanese occupation was the “golden
age of the national language dissemination and propagation,” the declaration of the Japanese for
Tagalog to be used as medium of instruction during the their regime inspired further the idea of
Tagalog to be used as the basis of National language.
In 1943, EO 10 was released by President Laurel that mandated the teaching of the
national language in all elementary schools for public and private and the training of national
language teachers through a Tagalog institute. Independence from Japan also pushed the
movement of teaching the national language (Gonzales, 1998) Due to this urgent call, various
grammar books have been published starting this year like Dionisio’s (1941) ​
Gramatikang
tagalog ​ Essentials of Tagalog​
[Tagalog Grammar], Gener’s (1944b) ​ , Alejandro’s (1946) ​
Everyday
Tagalog​ Tagalog applied grammar and vocabulary ​
, Castillo’s (1947) ​ which was exclusively for
students in non-Tagalog regions, Panganiban’s (1947) ​
Pampaaralang Balangkas ng Balarila,
Bonifacio & Garcia’s (1949), De Guzman’s (1952) ​
Tagalog para sa dayuhan at di Tagalog [Tagalog
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

Magandang Pananagalog ​
for foreigners and non-Tagalogs] and Agoncillo’s (1953a) ​ [Good
Tagalog Speech]. ​
Not only are these grammar books which give lists of words and give the rules
of the grammatical structure of the Tagalog languages, these grammar books contain exercises
for mastery of the language. Many have instructions and/or translations in English which may
have been meant for foreign or non-Tagalog speaking learners.
Furthermore a massive publication of dictionaries and vocabularies was observed. A total
of 13 dictionaries were published during this timeframe: Calip, J.R. & Calip, P.’s (1941)
English-Tagalog-Ilokano Vocabulary, ​ Studies on Tagalog Lexicography #1, ​
Lopez’s (1941) ​ Sato’s
A Tagalog-English dictionary, ​
(1944) ​ English-Tagalog Vocabulary, ​
Panganiban’s (1946) ​ Dizon’s
Dictionary in English, Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan​
(1947) ​ ,​
Laya & Silvina’s (1947) ​
Basic Tagalog
Vocabulary​
, ​ Talasalitaang Tagalog-Ingles ​
Leon’s (1947) ​ [Tagalog English Vocabulary], Mundo’s
Talatinigang Panlukbutan, ​
(1948) ​ Enriquez & Guzman’s (1949) ​
Pocket dictionary: an
English-Tagalog vocabulary, ​
Aspillera’s (1950b) ​
Basic words in Tagalog, A National
Language-English Vocabulary ​ Panukalang Talatinigang Ingles-Tagalog ​
(1950), ​ (1950-1952), and
Ku’s (1945)​
A study of Tagalog.
Numerous debates surface regarding the problems and issues brought about by the
implementation, establishment and teaching of the national language such as ​
Frei’s (1947)
Tagalog as the Philippine national language, ​
Abad’s (1948) ​
Problems in the teaching of national
language, ​
Martinez’s (1954) ​
The development of the teaching of National Language in the public
schools in the Philippines. ​
On Trinidad’s (1940) survey, he concluded that the problem is bilingual
in nature. His study shows that students with no previous training on reading and writing in
Tagalog can express themselves in Tagalog fairly well and could write compositions in Tagalog
better compared to English. He claims that the parentage of pupils and language used at home are
factors that contribute to the ability of the children to read and write.
It was only after the Japanese invasion that the Americans put back English as the
medium of instruction. At this time, Tagalog was a compulsory subject in elementary and high
school.
Out of the 108 works that were found, 40 of them focus on the issue of the national
language. These are only the ones that pertain to the study of Tagalog as the national language,
the studies on acquisition of children, and the numerous workbooks and exercise books that
were published.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

Conclusion

Linguistics in the 1940s-1954 mainly focused on the study, implementation, acquisition,


and the consequences of the adaptation of a national language.
The 1940s saw the emergence of many educational materials as well as dictionaries and
grammar books. After the Japanese occupation, the teaching of the national language, its debates,
and more studies on the matter proliferated. We can conclude that there was much scrutiny in
the formation and implementation of the national language. The late 40s to the early 50s saw the
criticisms and studies on language acquisition, not only that of the national language but also of
English, and many works which further detail the Tagalog language. There are also various
comparative works on Tagalog to other Philippine languages and foreign languages. This shows
that the national language was of nationwide concern. Tagalog was well studied as it is the
language that is spoken in the greater Manila, however this did not stop the academic scholars
from criticising Tagalog as the basis of the national language and the study of other philippine
languages in comparison to Tagalog as well.

References

Gonzales, A. (1998) The language planning situation in the Philippines. ​


Journal of Multilingual and
Multicultural Development. ​
19, 5. (pp. 487-525).

A bibliography of Philippine linguistics​


Johnson, R. E. (1996). ​ . Manila: Linguistic Society of the
Philippines.

Syntactic Features of Tagalog Verbs​


Kess, J.F. (1968). ​ . Michigan: University Microfilms.

Martinez, H.N. (1954). ​


The development of the teaching of National Language in the public schools
in the Philippines​
. Unpublished MA Thesis. University of the Philippines.

National Commission for Culture and the Arts. (2015, April 29). ​
Filipino Language in the
Curriculum - National Commission for Culture and the Arts​
. Retrieved December 10, 2015,
from
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

http://ncca.gov.ph/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-disseminationscd/lang
uage-and-translation/filipino-language-in-the-curriculum/

Trinidad, Tomas M. (1940). ​


A survey of the ability of children in grades V to VII of the public schools
of Manila to read and write in Tagalog without previous instruction on the vernacular​
.
Unpublished MA Thesis. University of the Philippines. 92 p.
A bibliography of Philippine linguistics and minor languages​
Ward, J. H. (1971). ​ . IIthaca, NY:
Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

An annotated list of works

about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

Year of Bibliographic Entry, Source (if applicable), Annotation


Publication

1940 Tagalog, the national language.​


Buck, Hammon. (1940). ​ Np.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Ped. Theo 3. This deals with the limitations to the
development of English. It advocates using local vernaculars in schools,
and gives the factors that support Tagalog.”

1940 MDB. ​
Castrence, P.S. (1940) Tagalog tongue. ​ March 12. p.12.
In Ward, J.H. (1971).” Theo 3”

1940 Constenoble, H. (1940) Die Lautwandlungen des Tagalog. ​


BTLV.
99(1): 65-87.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Comp 1. This deals with sound shifts from
proto-Austronesian to Tagalog with comparative data principally from
Kapangpangan but with a few comparisons with other lowland
languages.

1940 Lopez, C. (1940a). A manual of the Philippine national language


(2nd ed.). Manila, Philippines: Bureau of Printing.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6053 L7 1940
R: Gram. This work discusses the phonetics, morphology, word
classifications and syntax of Tagalog. The author has compromised to a
different approach in explaining linguistic concepts. A large portion of
the book discusses the verbal prefixes in Tagalog.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1940 Reduplication in Tagalog. ​


Lopez, C. (1940b). ​ Institute of National
Language Bulletin. 7. Manila: Bureau of Printing. 171p. (Other Eds:
Rev. 1948; 1950).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph 2”

1940 The Tagalog Language. ​


Lopez, C. (1940) ​ (An outline of its
psychomorphological analysis.) Institute of National Language
Bulletin #5. Manila: Bureau of Printing.
Available in Filipiniana, PL5501 A3
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph; Eth 1”

1940 Selga, Miguel. (1940). ​


Estudio Bibliografico del Arte y Reglas de la
Lengua Tagala de Fr. Tomas Ortiz​
. Manila: The San Juan Press.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6053 O72
Z: No translated copy available.
In Johnson, R.E. “14 pp.”

1940 Subido, Trinidad T., & Mendoza, Virginia Gamboa. (1940). ​


Tagalog
phonetics and orthography (based on Ang palatitikan at
palabigkasang Tagalog). ​
Manila: Bureau of Print.
Available in Vargas, PL5501/A28 v.3 no.3
Z: Orth, Gram. This deals with Tagalog alphabet of 17 native characters
and phonetics extending to morphophonemic changes such as
accentuation and stress shift which extends to morphology such as
affixation and reduplication.

1940 Trinidad, Tomas M. (1940). ​


A survey of the ability of children in
grades V to VII of the public schools of Manila to read and write in
Tagalog without previous instruction on the vernacular​
.
Unpublished MA Thesis. University of the Philippines. 92 p.
Available in Archives, LG 995 19401 E3 T8
Z: Educ. The study was done in effect of E.O. 134 using Tagalog as a
basis for the National Language. Claiming that the problem is bilingual
in nature, the researcher observed the ability of pupils from Grades V to
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

VII who have no previous training to read and write in the National
Language. Results show that the pupils can express themselves in
Tagalog fairly well, could write compositions in Tagalog better
compared to English, and that the parentage of pupils and language
used at home are factors that contribute to the ability of the children to
read and write.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “ Writ; Comp 5; Soc; Ped 5; Acq. This deals with the
relation of language learning in school to the language of home, and
other sociological factors.”

1941 Agoncillo, T.A. (1941) Tagalog-English Vocabulary. Manila: INL.


176 pp.
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).

1941 Teaching the national language to the Ilocanos​


Alvarez, Esperanza. ​ .
Np.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Ped; Acq 2.”

1941 Calip, J. R. & Calip, P. (1941) ​


English-Tagalog-Ilokano Vocabulary.
Manila​
. Metropolitan Publication. 152 p.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Lex3.”

1941 Gramatikang tagalog​


Dionisio, S. A. (1941). ​ . Manila: np.
Available in Filipiniana PL 6053 S25
M: Gram, Lex. A pedagogical grammar which contains short
explanations about basic grammar in Tagalog. Includes phonology,
orthography, word lists on parts of speech, instructions on basic
sentence formation and derivation of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so
on.
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).

1941 Studies on Tagalog Lexicography #1. ​


Lopez, C. (1941) ​ Institute of
National Language Bulletin #6. Manila: Bureau of printing. 29 p.
Available in Filipiniana, PL5501 A3
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex; Hist 4; Subtitle: Tagalog Words for Spanish
Loan Words.”

1941 Mundo, C.D. (1941). ​


The coining of words and the teaching of
Tagalog​
. Teachers College.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996).

1941 Tagalog Words of Chinese Origin. ​


Wang, L.C. (1941). ​ Np.
In Manuel, E.A. (1948) as cited in Cunanan, 2014. “Lists 52 words.
Writer is a native of Kulangsu, Amoy. The original manuscript was
burned together with the UP Library collections in Feb 1944.”
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 1, Comp 4. Originally in the E.A. Manuel
Collection but was burned”
In Cunanan, F.C. (2014). “Comp. Np.”

1941 Viray, Felizberto B. (1941) Prenasalization in Philippine


PSSR. ​
languages. ​ 13; 119-147.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Phon 2; Comp 3. This is a comparative typology of
morphology and morphophonemics under prefixation in the case of
Tagalog, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Iloko, Samar-Leyte, Bicol, Pangasinan,
Pampangan, Ibanag, and Ivatan.

1941 Zaide, Gregorio F. (1941). Ang wikang Tagalog sa larangan ng


BUL INL. ​
kasaysayan. ​ 5(1).
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Theo 3, Title translation: The Tagalog Language in
Philippine History.”

1943 Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1943). ​


The dilemma of the national
language​
. Np.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph 2; Writ 1; Hist 4; Theo 2. This deals with
orthography, morphology, and morphophonemics in writing (especially
nasals); includes a lexicons with special treatment of borrowings.
Different views and their proponents are described.”
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1943 Estudios sobre la lengua Tagala. ​


Rizal, J.A. (1943a) ​ (Malayang
isinawikang Pilipino at nilagyan ng paunang salita ni Cecilio
Lopez). Maynila. Limbagan ng Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas. 40 p.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Phon; Morph; Syn. This is a free translation in
Pilipino of Rizal’s ‘Studies about the Tagalog Language’ with a foreword
and introduction by Cecilio Lopez. This deals with phonology, syntactic
markers, word structure, and word classes.

1943 Rizal, J.A. (1943b) ​


Sobre la nueva ortografia de la lengua Tagala pr
Dr. J. Rizal. (​
nilagyan ng paunang salita at ilang paliwanang ni
Jamie C. de Veyra, panugot ng surian ng Wikang Pambansa).
Maynila. Limbagan ng Maynila Sinbunsya. 34, 1 p.
In Ward, J.H. (1971)”Phon 2; Writ 1.”

1944 Gener, T. E. (1944a) Ang kudlit at tatas ng wikang Tagalog. Np.


Available in Filipiniana, PL 6052 G45
R: Gram. This book shows a set of rules in placing stress marks ‘kudlit’
on Tagalog words and phrases in different situations. It also includes
rules on placing the proper stress, length and intonation in Tagalog
words in written and spoken form.

1944 Gener, T. E. (1944b). Essentials of Tagalog. Manila: np.


Available in the Filipiniana, PL 6053 G45
R: Gram. This book discusses the orthography system, phonology,
morphology and syntax of Tagalog. The medium used are both Tagalog
and English. Also included here are different readings written by
Tagalog writers and a guide of letter writing.

1944 Icasiano, J.M. (1944a) On Tagalog and Greek articles. ​


PR
2(7):46-50.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph 1; Comp 5. This contains typological
comparisons of markers, ligatures, particles, but with only Tagalog
examples while Greek is merely described.”
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1944 PR ​
Icasiano, J.M. (1944b) Tagalog could be better. ​ 2:40-43.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Writ 1; Ped. This deals with national language
orthography, principles of and instructional use of grammars. It gives
very little data.”

1944 Phil Rev. ​


Lopez, C. (1944) Foreign influences in Tagalog. ​ 2(2):
43-49.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex; Hist 4; Eth 3. Word borrowings from
Sanskrit, Chinese, Spanish, and English. Rules of sound modification by
native speakers are given as well as Chabacano examples and
classification of borrowed forms.

1944 Tagalog: A guide to the spoken language​


. (1944). Washington, DC:
War Department.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6055 U5
Z: Gram. This book is language guide for the American soldiers assigned
in the Philippines. It contains useful words and phrases such as
greetings, directions, numbers, etc. from English to Tagalog. Tagalog
words and phrases are presented along with its pronunciation and
spelling.

1944 Rodriguez, G.Teodoro. (1944). ​


Ang wikang Tagalog na wikang
pambansa ng bayang Pilipinas. ​
Np.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996). “v + 401 lvs.”

1944 A Tagalog-English dictionary. ​


Sato, E. (1944). ​ Quezon City: Institute
of National Language.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996). “iii + 30 + 146 pp.”

1945 Cheong, Loretto. (1945). ​


Chinese names of foods and culinary terms
adopted in Tagalog​
. MS.
In Ward, J.H. “Lex 1; Hist 4. This list of 44 words with an attempt at
etymologies is found in the E.A. Manuel Collection.” In Johnson, Rex E.,
comp. (1996)
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1945 Ku, U. (1945) A study of Tagalog. ​


Chinese Commercial News
(October 23, 1945; January 5, 1946).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 1; Hist. 4. This is a handwritten copy in the E.
Arsenio Manuel collection. Manuel says that this was published by the
author in Chinese characters, and that there are only less than 100
words studied. The archaic words recorded are from Hsueh Wen, Han
Dynasty before the Christian era.”

1946 Alejandro, Rufino. (1946). ​


Everyday Tagalog (with 21 introductory
lessons in Tagalog grammar, conversation, vocabulary, exercises,
letters, and readings).​
Manila: Philippine Book Co.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6053 A5 1946
M: Educ, Gram. An exercise book for Tagalog grammar and vocabulary
for different situations. Provides exercises for language practice and
includes lessons on phonology, stress, morphology. Has English
translations and word lists of borrowed words and their Tagalog
pronunciations.
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph; Syn; Ped 3.”

1946 Austria-Tamondong, M. (1946) ​


Easy Tagalog Lessons; Vocabulary,
grammar and lesson plans and songs. ​
Dagupan, Pangasinan:
Llamas Press.
In Johnson, R. E. (1996). “144p.”

1946 Barrios, P. V. (1946) ​


A comparative study of Bicol and Tagalog
words​
. E. A. Manuel Collection (August 26).
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).

1946 Panganiban, J.V. (1946) ​


English-Tagalog Vocabulary. Manila:
University Publishing Co. xxiv. 170 p. (Other Eds: 1958. Manila:
University Book Supply. 170p.)
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Lex 4”.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1946 Perez, Primitiva. ​


Tagalog words of Chinese origin used in Tanawan
Batangas​
. In the E.A. Manuel Collection.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Lex 1; Hist 4. 65 words with meanings.”

1946 Santos, Lope K. (1946). ​


Ang kabuluhan ng ‘Pangako’ sa Wikang
Tagalog. ​
(n.p.): Junior Citizen 1(1) pp. 28-29, 37.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996).

1946 Sarmenta, Consolacion S. (1946). ​


Some Chinese words commonly
used in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija and incorporated by common
usage in Tagalog. ​
In the E.A. Manuel Collection.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996).
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Lex 1; Hist 4. Said (Manuel) to contain 25 names of
food and vegetables by an author who is a native of Cabanatuan.”

1946 English-Tagalog Vocabulary​


Panganiban, Jose Villa. (1943). ​ . Manila
Philippines: University Publishing Company.
Available in Reference, PL 6056 P23
Z: Educ, Lex. The book was published due to the urgent call for
dictionaries and vocabularies of the National Language needed in
schools and institutions, by students, teachers, translators and
foreigners. This abridged version of the original contains 6,000 most
common English words translated to Filipino and also includes a brief
explanation of pronunciation, accentuation and Tagalog word forms.

1947 Blake, Frank Ringgold. (1947). ​


Selected list of materials for the
study of the Tagalog language.​
New York : Southeast Asia Institute.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996). “13 lvs. John Hopkins University, Language
Series 4. Mimeo.”
In Ward, J.H. (1971).

1947 Castillo, Florencio M. (1947) ​


Tagalog applied grammar and
vocabulary. ​
Camalaniugan, Cagayan. 66 p.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Gram; Ped. This was prepared exclusively for
non-Tagalog regions. It contains Tagalog and English texts.”

1947 Ang pagturo ng pagbasa ng wikang Tagalog​


Catindig, J. (1947) ​ .
Manila: Bureau of Printing 17p. (INL Publications, Vol. 6, No. 2).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Ped 5. Title Translation: The teaching of reading
in Tagalog.”

1947 Dizon, N.C. (1947) ​


Dictionary in English, Tagalog, Ilocano and
Visayan​
. Honolulu: Juan de la Cruz Bookroom.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex. 4”

1947 Dyen, I. (1947) The Tagalog reflexes of Malayo-Polynesian D.


Language. ​
23(3) 227-238.
Available on Jstor; Doi:​
10.2307/409877
M: Phon, Hist, Comp. Dyen gives an overview of the reflexes of Proto
*D​
Malayo-Polynesian​ as compared to the work of Dempwolff. He
*D​
concludes that the theory that ​ d​
became the tagalog ​in initial position
dalaga ​
explains the first syllable of words such as ​ as reduplication.
d​
Instances where ​is expected to appear can be attributed to analogy
with loan words or a contamination caused by a repeated monosyllable.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996). “118 pp.”
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Phon; Hist 2; Comp 1. To explain exceptions,
sound law and analogy are used, with environmental and distributional
factors being considered.”

1947 Tagalog as the Philippine national language​


Frei, E. J. (1947).​ .
Unpublished MA thesis, Hartford Seminary Foundation 430 p.
Available in the Filipiniana, PL 5507 F87
R: Hist. This thesis discusses the different issues and problems in
implementing and establishing the national language from the Spanish
regime to the American occupation. It also includes works of linguists
concerning Tagalog grammar and their various grammatical approach
to the study of the language.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Theo 3. History of the idea of a national language.


Grammatical treatments of Tagalog. Extensive bibliography with
annotations.

1947 Laya, J.C. & Silvina C.L. (1947) B​


asic Tagalog Vocabulary:
Tagalog-English, English-Tagalog​
. Manila: Inang Wika Publishing
Co.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 3.”

1947 Talasalitaang Tagalog-Ingles​


Leon, J. R. (1947) ​ . Manila: University
Publishing Co.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 3. Title translation: Tagalog English
Vocabulary. Containing 1500 common words.

1947 PFP, ​
Orata, P. T. (1947) Tagalog and our national language. ​ 38
(May) 5-7.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Soc; Theo 3”

1947 Panganiban, Jose Villa. (1947).​


Pampaaralang Balangkas ng
Balarila​
. Manila: Alip & Brion Publications.
nc.​
Available in Education, PL 6053 P19
Z: Gram. The book discusses Tagalog grammar according to the Balarila.
It covers phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics along with
exercises after each discussion.

1947 Villanueva, Antonia Francisco. (1947a) ​


Elements of Tagalog
Balarila; an easy and simple method of studying the Tagalog
grammar and language. ​
Manila: J.M. Lucas Co.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996). “118 pp.”

1947 Villanueva, Antonia Francisco. (1947b) ​


Improved methods of
teaching the National language in secondary schools. ​
Unpublished
thesis in education, University of Santo Tomas. 130 p.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “ Ped; Acq.”
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1947 Elements of Tagalog Balarila. ​


Villanueva, Francisco (1947c) ​ Manila.
J.M. Lucas Co. 118 p.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “ Gram, Ped 1. Subtitled: An easy and simple
method of studying the tagalog grammar and language. It has
appendices containing the English translation of Jose Rizal’s incomplete
Tagalog grammar, some of his poems in English and Tagalog, and
excerpts from Francisco Baltazar’s Florante at Laura”

1948 Problems in the teaching of national language​


Abad, A. B. (1948). ​ .
Unpublished MA Thesis. Adamson University.
In Ward, J. H. (1971). “Ped; Theo 3.”

1948 A study of Tagalog Verbs.​


Alejandro, Rufino. (1948). ​ Unpublished
PhD Thesis. University of Santo Tomas.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph.”

1948 Batungbacal, J.(1948). ​


Selected Tagalog Proverbs and Maxims.
Manila: University Pub Co. 182 pp. (Revised and enlarged ed).
In Johnson, R. E. (1996). “442”

1948 Ating Wika​


Capino, D.G. (1948) ​ . Manila: Dr. Manlapaz.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6051 A83 1948
M: Educ. “A sourcebook of supplementary materials” for language
learning. There are 296 stories with accompanying questions for
reading comprehension. This teaching guide was created in an effort to
spread the use of the national language, Filipino.”
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).

1948 Castillo, Florencio M. ​


Tagalog Simplified Balarila with Vocabulary.
Bureau of Education. Manila. 63 p.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Gram; Lex 3; Ped.”

1948 Conclin, Harold C. ​


A short discussion of three elements of Tagalog
speech w/ reference to other Philippine dialect. ​
Np.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Comp.”
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1948 STM. ​
Darad, J. (1948) Chinese Flavors in Tagalog Stew. ​ 3 (June 27):
22-23.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex; Hist 4. This is said to deal partially with
borrowed words.”

1948 Laya, J.C. & Laya, S.C. (1948) ​


Basic English-Tagalog Vocabulary
Tagalog-English English-Tagalog. ​
Manila: Inang Wika Publishing
Co. 128 p. (other Eds 1950).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 3.”

1948 Manuel, E.A. (1948). ​


Chinese Elements in the Tagalog Language
(with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine
languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian
linguistics)​
. Manila: Filipiniana Publications.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6059 M3
R: Hist. Lex. This book shows a brief historical introduction written by
H. Otley Beyer on the early Philippine relations with foreign countries
and a list of tagalog words and Austronesian word bases borrowed or
derived from Chinese

1948 Talatinigang Panlukbutan​


Mundo, Clodualdo del. (1948). ​ . Manila:
Abiva Publishing House.
Available in Education, PL 6054 M8
Z: Lex; Gram. This Tagalog to English, English to Tagalog dictionary was
prepared in order to list down the fundamental and essential words in
the national language. The dictionary constitutes essential words in
verbal or spoken, written and occupational Tagalog. An introduction to
Tagalog grammar is also included. Tackled in the grammar section was
a brief explanation of Tagalog phonology and morphology.

1948 Unitas​
Santamaria, A. (1948) La doctrina Tagala de 1593. ​ , 21(4):
881-897.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Text 3; Writ 2: Hist 2. A few pages are reproduced
from the 1593 work. Major attention is directed to ancient Tagalog
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

writing system with some text material, an examination of variability in


symbol form. comparison of the Ave Maria from different dates. “

1949 Bonifacio, M. R., & Garcia, M. P. (1949). ​


Outline of national
language​
. Manila, Philippines: J. B. Feliciano.
Available in Filipiniana PL 6053 B65
M: Gram. This book provides vocabulary words and parts of speech in
Filipino with English translations. Included are instructions on how to
pronounce and how to inflect verbs. The book also provides exercises
for language learners.

1949 Enriquez, P. J., & Guzman, M. O. (1949). ​


Pocket dictionary : an
English-Tagalog vocabulary.​
Manila, Philippines: Philippine Book.
Available in Reference, PL 6056 E586
In Ward, J.H. (1967). “Lex 3, 4. This was also published as two separate
volumes. Entries are derived forms as well as bases.”

1949 Manuel E. A. (1949). ​


Origin of the Tagalog language and Chinese
contribution to its growth​
. Fookien Times Yearbook.
In Ward, J.H. (1967). “Hist. 4; Eth. 3”

1949 Rodenas, L.M. (1949). ​


A study of Tagalog vocabulary used by
children in their play activities. ​
Unpublished MA Thesis. Arellano
University.
In Johnson, R.E. (1996).
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Lex 1; Acq 1”

1950 A manual for teaching the national language in the second year high
school (non-Tagalog students)​
. (1950). Manila, Philippines: Bureau
of Print.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6053 P5 1950
R: Educ. This manual serves as a guide for teachers who are teaching
the national language for second year high school students who are
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

non-Tagalog speakers. Mostly contains grammar and composition


writing lessons.

1950 A National Language-English Vocabulary​ .​


. (1950)​Manila: Institute
of National Language.
Available in Reference, PL 6056 P45a
Z: Gram. The dictionary also contains morphology on the first part as it
explains the affixes used in formation of substantives, adjectives and
verbs.

1950 Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1950). ​


Ang bisayng Instik sa wikang
Tagalog​
. Np.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Hist 4; Eth; Theo 5. Subtitle and translation: A
Critical Review of Arseno Manuel’s Chinese Elements in the Filipino
language.”

1950 Aspillera, Paraluman S. (1950a). ​


A study of the basic words in
Tagalog​
. MA Thesis. Centro Escolar University.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 1.”

1950 Basic words in Tagalog. ​


Aspillera, Paraluman S. (1950b). ​ GAFLS 1
pp. 100-135.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 1; Acq 2. This contains 750 words with a
discussion of the factors of selection and use to maximize
communication and speed of acquisition of the national language.”

1950 Blake, Frank Ringgold. (1950). Tagalog noun formation. ​


Journal of
the American Oriental Society​
70(4): 271-291.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph 2. This draws on a wide range of sources
for the data which is categorized and classified according to elements
(roots and affixes) and distributions. A good deal of illustrative material
is presented but the examples are not set in to any syntactic context.
Some terminology is also a bit unusual.”
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1950 BTLV ​
Lopez, C. (1950). Reduplication in Tagalog.​ 101:151-311.
(Other Eds: Rev. 1948; 1950).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph 1,2. This is a detailed treatment with a
system of classification for types of reduplication and employment of
these types in different classes of words both with and without
affixation. Word classes treated are nouns, verbs, pronouns, numerals,
adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections.”

1950 Mariano, A. G. (1950). ​


Mga pamamaraan sa pagtuturo ng Wikang
Pambansa​
. n.p.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 5501 A28 v.7 no.2
R: Educ. This short book discusses the different methods in teaching the
national language to both Tagalog and non-Tagalog speakers. The book
does not contain any lessons on grammar.

1950-1952 WP​
Panukalang Talatinigang Ingles-Tagalog. ​ . 1(3)-1950: 21-28;
1(4)-1950: 19-30; 1(5)-1951: 17-32; (6): 20-27; (7): 17-28.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Lex 4. Title Translation Suggested English-
Tagalog Dictionary.”

1950 Panganiban, C.T. (1950) Spanish elements in the Tagalog language.


M.A. Thesis, University of Santo Tomas.
Unitas​
Spanish elements in the Tagalog language. ​ . 24: 600-673,
846-877, 25: 86-118
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Lex 1; Writ 1; Hist 4; Eth 3. This has an
alphabetical listing with Spanish forms also listed if they differ from
Tagalog. Meanings are given in English The first of the three
installments contains the narrative discussion in which is found the
historical background on the relationships of Tagalog to other ‘Malay’
languages; and Tagalog interaction with Spanish. Notes on orthography,
and orthographic as well as semantic changes in the borrowings from
Spanish are also given. Several sets of word (one Spanish, the other
native to Tagalog ) are discussed with a view to testing true synonymy.”
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1950 ENSM​
Suarez, Vedasto, G. (1950) Tagalog in legal parlance. ​ , (5)
(Nov. 11): 6-7.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Lex; Soc 3.”

1950 Tablan, Andrea Amor. (1950). ​


Mga layunin, paksa at pamaraan sa
pagtuturo ng wikang pambansa​
. Manila: Philippine Book
Company.
Available in Education, PL 6053 T11
Z: Educ. This book was published for the teachers of the National
language on effective methods in the teaching of the vernacular for
Elementary students. The discussion was divided in every grade level
with the objectives, subject matters and exercises.

1951 Alejandro, Rufino. (1951). ​


Ang Paghahanay sa mga salita sa
Tagalog. ​
(n.p.): Wikang Pambansa 1(5): 1-4​
.
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Syn. Title translation: Word order in Tagalog.”

1951 Alejandro, Rufino. (1951). ​


Iba’t-ibang pamamaraan sa pagtuturo
ng wikang pambansang Pilipino.​
Manila: Alip & Brion Publications.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Ped; Theo 3. Title Translation: Different methods
of teaching the Pilipino nation language. Subtitle says: Includes lesson
plans by Alejandro, Paguio, Dungo, Gervacio, Mendoza, Serrano,
Castillo.”

1951 Pagsasalita at pagsulat. ​


Alejandro, Rufino et al. (1951). ​ Manila:
Bookman.

In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Ped 5. These volumes are textbooks for Tagalog
composition with exercises, for grade school. The volume for Grade IV is
by Isabelo Tupas and Rufino Alejandro.”

1951 Santos, Lope k. (1951) Ang kabuluhan ng ‘Pangangkod’ sa wikang


Junior Citizen​
Tagalog. ​ , 1(1-Jan): 28-29, 37.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Morph; Syn. Title Translation: The importance of


the ligature in the Tagalog language.

1951 Serion, Domingo. (1951). ​


Functional Expressions in the National
Language​
. Unpublished MA Thesis. University of the Philippines,
Diliman.
Available in Archives, LG 995 1951 E3 S4
Z: Educ. The paper discusses the common and functional expressions
useful for teachers as teaching resources and for non-Tagalog students
to use as medium of communication in their everyday lives. Common
and functional expressions were presented as used in various places
and different situations, in order of frequency. Results showed that the
most common expressions are used at home and in shops.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Lex 2; Hist 4;Soc 4; Acq 2. This is a frequency
study of certain expressions together with an analysis of the types of
activities and the language sources of the expressions. There are
implications for teaching Pilipino as a second language.”

1952 Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1952). ​


The development of the Tagalog
language and literature. ​
(n.p.): Fookien Yearbook.
Available in Filipiniana PL6051 A65
M: Hist. A historical review of language studies and literature from
pre-colonial times to Spanish colonial times, American period and the
consequences of these influences on the use of language. The book
highlights the enrichment of Tagalog at two points in history, during the
Spanish colonial rule and during the American period.
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Hist; Theo 3.”

1952 Alejandro, Rufino. (1952a). ​


Basic plan for simplification of Tagalog
Grammar​
. Np.
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

1952 Alejandro, Rufino. (1952b). ​


Factors that make for effective teaching
of National language. ​
Np.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Ped; Theo 3.”

1952 Alejandro, Rufino. (1952). Mga pamantayan sa pananagalog​


.
Paruparo Serial (EP 17:31)​
.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Soc; Ped. Title translation: Standards in Speaking
in Tagalog.”

1952 Alunos, Pascual. (1952). ​


The national language program and the
community​
. Np.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Theo 3.”

1952 Banghay ng aralin sa wikang pambansa (Para sa una at ikalawang


baitang)​
. (1952). Wikang Pambansa 7:31-38.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Writ; Ped 1, 3. Title translation: Outline of lessons
in the national language for first and second years (or grades). This
includes lessons in courteous expressions for different situations. It also
includes some mechanics in writing.”

1952 De Guzman, M.O. (1952). Tagalog para sa dayuhan at di Tagalog.


G.O.T. Pub​
Ikatlong Pagkalimbag. ​ . 76p.
Available in Filipiniana, PL 6052 D43 1952
R: This is a short book that contains Tagalog vocabularies (house and
kinship terms, time expressions etc.) and brief descriptions of daily
activities of Filipinos.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Ped 1; Acq 2”

1952 Fleming, Dorothy. (1952) ​


A phonetic study of a speech of an English
speaking Tagalog​
. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Louisiana State
University.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Phon 3, Comp 5”

1952 Sanayang balarila​


Gana, Rosario Bella (1952).​ . Manila, Philippines:
Inang Wika Publication.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

In Johnson, R.E. (1996). “2 vols. 191 pp, 190 pp.”

1952 Veyra, Jaime C. de (1952) When the name Filipinas was first
applied to the Philippines. ​
Journal of the Philippine Historical
Society. ​
2(1) 42-54.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex 1; Hist. This is a historical article in which
place names of significant geographical importance are discussed.”

1953 Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1953). How the Filipino national language is


. Philippine Education 8(4):41-44​
actually being developed​ .
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Theo 3.”

1953 .​
Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1953a). Magandang Pananagalog​Kadipan​
​ .
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Gra, 3. Title Translation: Good Tagalog Speech.”

1953 Tagalog periodical literature​


Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1953b). ​ .
Manila: Institute of National Language.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Comp. This contains a bibliography: Section IV on
Folklore (p. 63-63); Section X on Linguistic Articles (p. 258-260).”

1953 A bibliography of Old Philippine Syllabaries​


Bernardo, Gabriel A. ​ .
Quezon City: University of the Philippines Library. 52(1).
In Ward, J. H. “A paper presented at a joint meeting of the fourth
Far-Eastern Pre-history Congress and Anthropology Division of the
with Pacific Science Congress, Quezon City, Philippines, Nov. 16-28,
1953.”

1953 Labay, Esmeraldo M. (1953) Observation in teaching the national


PEduc.​
language among non-Tagalog students.​ 7(7): 20-23.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Ped; Acq 2”

1953 Manuel, E.A. (1953) Ang unlaping hin- o him- sa Tagalog - isang
Kadipan ​
pag-aaral. ​ (February).
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Morph 2. Title translation: The prefix hin- or him-
in Tagalog-- a study.”

1953 Morelos, F. (1953) ​


Isang paghahambing ng wikang Tagalog at
wikang Subano. ​
Cebu.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Comp 5.”

1953 Paterno, Adelaida. (1953) English Sounds difficult for Tagalog


MSTEQ​
learners of English. ​ , 3(3): 25-344.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Phon; Comp 5; Acq 2.”

1954 Alejandro, Rufino. (1954) A​


handbook of Tagalog grammar (with
exercises) based on the official Balarila and especially written for
non-Tagalog English-speaking students of the Filipino national
language​
. 2. Manila, Philippines: Manila publishing co.
Available in Education, PL 6053 A55 1954
In Johnson, R. E. (1996).

1954 Alejandro, Rufino. (1954). ​


Ang sining at pamamaraan ng pagsulat
at paglahad.​
Manila: University Publishing Co.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Acq 1; Title translation: The Art and Technique of
Expository Writing. There is a study of errors in Tagalog by grade
school children.”

1954 Carpio, Trinidad R. ​


A study of the influence of the American
language on Tagalog​
. Unpublished M.A. Thesis in Education.
Arellano University, Manila.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “ Hist 4, Comp; Soc; Eth.”

1954 A lexicographic study of Tayabas Tagalog​


Manuel, E.A. (1954). ​ . Np.
In Ward, J.H. (1971). “Lex; Comp. 4.”

1954 Martinez, Hilaria Natividad. (1954). ​


The development of the
teaching of National Language in the public schools in the
Philippines​
. Unpublished MA Thesis. University of the Philippines.
AMERILA, DESEMBRANA, ROXAS/ Survey of works about Tagalog written in 1940-1954

Available in Education, PL 6053 T11


Z: Educ, Hist. The study aims to trace the legal bases of the NL, its status
in 1940-41 (after being introduced to public and private schools),
during the Japanese Occupation (called the “golden age of NL
dissemination and propagation”) and from 1945-54. It also aims to
trace the problems, issues and difficulties in teaching the NL and track
attempts in resolving such difficulties. The study follows after the EO
134 was put to law in 1937 making Tagalog as the NL. In conclusion,
problems with the NL rooted in propagation and dissemination. The
solution given by the author was to conduct extensive surveys and
studies, to train teachers, to make the NL the medium of instruction in
schools and to allot more funds in the development of the NL among
others. More importantly, government and private agencies should be
involved in the dissemination of the NL.

1954 Mga lalawiganing salitang Tagalog​


Suarez, Vedasto G.(1954) ​ . M.A.
Thesis (National Language), Centro Escolar Univerisity, Manila.
In Ward, J.H. (1971) “Comp 4. Title translation: Provincialisms in
Tagalog.”

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