NAME: JADMAN MELODY C.

ASSIGNMENT # 1
1.John Dalton ,(BILLIARD BALL THEORY ) : Because Dalton thought atoms were the
smallest particles of matter, he envisioned them as solid hard spheres like billiard (pool)
ball so he used wooden balls to model them.
2 .JJ. Thomson, (RAISEN BREAD /PLUM PUDDING MODEL) : Thomson ‘s model was
known the plum pudding model or Raisen Bread model. As each atom was a sphere
filled with positively charge fluid, known as the pudding. Scattered in this fluid were
negatively charged electrons, these were the plums in the pudding.
3. Ernest Rutherford ( Protons, Gold foil /film Experiment) : Physicist Ernest Rutherford
established the nuclear theory of the atom with his gold foil experiment. when he shot a
beam of alpha particles were deflected. he concluded that a tiny ,dense nucleus was
causing the deflections.
4 .Goldstien ( Protons) : Goldstein contributed greatly to the study cathode rays. He
discovered protons with the experiments he did with cathode rays which would knock
electrons of atoms and attract them to a positively charged electrode.
5 .Erwin Schodinger ( Quantum Mechanics Model) :This Atomic Model is known as
quantum mechanical model of the atom. The quantum mechanical model does not
define the exact path of an electron. This model can model can be portrayed as a
nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud.
6. Jades Chadwick ( Neutron) : Physicist knew that most of the mass of the atom was
located in a nucleus at its center ,and that this central core contained protons, Chadwick
announced that the core also contained a new uncharged particle , which he called the
neutron. The only good explanation for his result was a neutral particle.To proved that
the particle was indeed the neutron then he measured its mass.

7. Neils bohr- planetary model- the bohr model has an atom consisting of a small,
positively- charged nucleus orbited by negatively- charged electrons. Here’s a closer
look at the bohr model, which is sometimes called the Rutherford –Bohr model. Neil
Bohr proposed the Bohr of the atom in 1915. Because the Bohr model is a modification
of the earlier Rutherford model, some people call Bohr’s Model the Rutherford-Bohr
Model. The Bohr model is a planetary model in which the negatively- charged electrons
orbit a small, positively- charged nucleus similar to the plantets orbiting the sun. electron
orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy. The energy of the orbit is
related to its size. The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit. Radiation is
absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another.
NAME: JADMAN MELODY C.
ASSIGNMENT # 2

1. ISOTOPES
 H 1.0
 H 2.0
 C 12.0
 O 17.0
 N 15.0
2. ISOTONES
 boron-12 and carbon-13 nuclei both contain 7 neutrons, and so are isotones.
Similarly, 36S, 37Cl, 38Ar, 39K, and 40Ca nuclei are all isotones of 20 because they
all contain 20 neutrons.
 Isotones50(five: 86Kr, 88Sr, 89Y, 90Zr, 92Mo) and 82
(six: 138Ba, 139La, 140Ce, 141Pr, 142Nd, 144Sm).
 boron-12 and carbon-13 nuclei both contain 7 neutrons, and so are isotones.
 : Manganese-56, Iron-57, Cobalt-58, Nickel-59, Copper-60,
(31 neutrons each)
 chlorine-37 and potassium-39 are isotones, because the nucleus of this species
of chlorine consists of 17 protons and 20 neutrons, whereas the nucleus of this
species of potassium contains 19 protons and 20 neutrons.

3. ISOBARS

1)Na - 23, Mg -23

2)C - 14 ,N -14
3)Ar -40, Ca - 40
4)Fe-58 ,Ni -58
5)ce -75 ,Se- 76
 Assignment # 3

1. Double Replacement

 AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3

2.) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
 Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2 KI(aq) → 2 KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
 NaHCO3 + CH3COOH(aq) → H2CO3 + NaCH3COO
 NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

2. Single Displacement

 AB + C → AC + B
 Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu
 AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3
 2 Fe2O3 (s) + 3 C (s) → Fe(s) + CO2 (g)

3.Decomposition
.

 H2CO3 → H2O + CO2’

 2 H 2O → 2 H 2 + O 2
 H2SO3 → H2O + SO2
 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2

4 .Neutralization

 Cl(aq)acid+NaOH(aq)base⇋NaCl(aq)salt+H2O(l)waterM11
 M1V2= M2U2(16)
 HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + HOH
 H2SO4 + 2 NH4OH --> (NH4)2SO4 + 2 HOH
 2 NaOH + H2CO3 --> N2CO3 + 2 NaOH
 : Ca(OH)2 + H2CO3 --> CaCO3 + 2 HOH

5. COMBUSTION
Example:

 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(ℓ)

 e2O3 + 3 SO3 → Fe2(SO4)3

 NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3

 (NH4)2Cr2O7 → Cr2O3 + 4 H2O + N

 CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O