CONSTRUCTING THE ROADBED

20 identification questions:

1. It is the earth beneath the road, properly arrange, graded, compacted, and stabilized.
2. It is the materials laid on top of the sub-grade consisting of crushed stone or gravel,
sometimes mixed with asphalt binders.
3. It is the material laid over the base course consisting of Asphalt Concrete or Portland
Cement Concrete.
4. It is a road surface of untreated soil mixture described as gravel road.
5. It is composed of either loose beach sand, dune pit or river sand cemented with asphalt
materials.
6. The stabilized cement mixture produced by using abundant native local materials.
7. A method of measurement for clearing and grubbing, and is by hectare and fractions
thereof acceptably cleared and grubbed.
8. A method of measurement for clearing and grubbing, and no measurement of area will be
made for this item.
9. A method of measurement for clearing and grubbing, and is also known as selective
clearing.
10. It is the process of loosening and removing earth or rock from its original position in a
cut and transporting it to a fill or to waste deposit.
11. It is the excavation and disposal of all materials regardless of its nature, or not classified
and included in the Bill of Quantities under other pay items.
12. It consists of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that cannot be excavated
without blasting or the use of rippers.
13. Those those are not included in the Bill of Quotations under rock excavation or other pay
items.
14. It consists of the removal and disposal of deposits of saturated or unsaturated mixtures of
soils and organic matter not suitable for foundation materials.
15. It is the excavation and utilization of approved materials for the construction of
embankment or for other portions of the work obtained from approved sources.
16. It is the drilling and blasting procedure that may be employed to control over break and
give a uniform face to the back slope or rock cuts.
17. It is the specified distance wherein an excavated material will be hauled without
additional cost.
18. It is an authorized hauling in excess of the free haul distance.
19. It is applied on low fill over shallow muck up to 30 to 40 cm depth.
20. It is installing a block of Styrofoam over the muck to reduce the weight of the fill.
Answer key:

1. Sub-base/Sub-grade
2. Base Course
3. Pavement
4. Granular Base Course
5. Sand and Asphalt Base Course
6. Soil Cement
7. Area Basis
8. Lump Sum Basis
9. Individual Unit Basis
10. Excavation
11. Unclassified Excavation
12. Rock Excavation
13. Common Excavations
14. Muck Excavations
15. Borrow Excavation
16. Pre-Splitting
17. Free haul distance
18. Overhaul
19. Surcharging Method
20. Weight reduction Method
DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION

1. __________Give one reason why scouring must be controlled.

2. __________Give one cardinal rule on drainage design.
3. __________Give one relationship of hydraulic and construction.
4. __________A tunnel carrying a stream or open drain under a road or railroad.
5. __________Pipes that are more flexible that could tolerate greater deformations.
6. __________Shall consists of a continuous concrete craddle conforming with the plan details
7. __________Is a drainage system installed under a road or road ditch to collect and transport
subsurface water.
8. __________Flood waters usually carries objects like trunks, garbage or tree branches. ________
is to avoid the flooding in the area of culvert.
9. __________Occurs when the velocity head is one-half the average depth.
10. __________Cross-sectional area of the flow divided by its width at the liquid surface.
11. __________Kind of soil whose fines consist mainly of flat and flaky particles. It has rubberized
characteristics that rebound under heavy loads.
12. __________Used where tension valve of interlock is cellular construction. Piling ordered with
required interlock strength specified and type of structure indicated.
13. __________High ratio of beam strength to weight mean maximum economy in steel sheet piling.
Used primarily in filled bulkheads or other walls requiring high beam strength.
14. __________Designed for applications where a combination of beam strength and interlock
tightness in required. Used generally in light bulkheads internally braced single wall cofferdams,
cut-off walls.
15. __________Is placed starting from the bottom to the top of the surface and then swept with stiff
broom.
16. __________Categorized under item 505 if the DPWH standard specifications. This item consists
of stone masonry in minor structures, in headwalls for culvert and retaining walls at the toes of
the slope.
17. __________This item consists of furnishing dividing and cutting off sheet piling covered by the
specifications: timber sheet pile, concrete sheet pile, steel sheet pile.
18. __________May consists of any species that will satisfactorily stand driving.
19. __________Explain what will happen if rain water is not guided through road slopes
20. __________Give one material requirement for manhole, inlets and catch basins and explain it.
Answers:

1. -The water flow must be limited to a safer amount by diverting the flow at intervals
2. -As much as possible, any existing drainage system patterns and soil cover should not be
disturbed.
-Necessary changes in the drainage patterns should not in any manner bring velocities that may
create new erosion problems.
3. -Loosening of soil
-Disturbs the ecological balance of nature
-Any changes in the land use may alter the historical run-off or ungauged rural water shed that
could be disastrous on wide scale basis
4. Culvert
5. Corrugated Metal Pipes
6. Class A
7. Underdrain
8. Debris Control
9. Critical depth
10. Average depth / Mean depth
11. Elasticity
12. Straight section
13. Z section
14. Archweb section
15. Cement grout
16. Masonry grout
17. Item 5-7 Sheet piles
18. Timber sheet pile
19. -The water spread through traffic lanes will overflow
20. -Joint mortar mixture should be on part Portland cement and two parts fine aggregate plus
hydrated lime equal to 10% of the cement by weight.