Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Graduation
13/01/2015
Piet de Vries
MSc. student Transport Engineering and Logistics
1
Overview of the presentation
• Introduction
• Methodology
• Analysis current state production
• Modelling future state production
• Results
• Conclusions & Recommendations
2
Introduction
Fokker Aerostructures
Specialist in the design, development and manufacturing of lightweight structures for the aerospace
and defense industry.
Large Commercial Aircrafts Business Jets
Fokker Aerostructures produces GLARE panels for the Airbus A380.
Defense (EU and USA) Special Products
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Introduction
GLARE
GLARE consists of:
GLARE panel for the Airbus A380.
The pretreated aluminum sheets and prepreg are laminated in a mold.
1. Pretreated aluminum sheets
2. Pre‐impregnated fibers (prepreg)
4
Introduction
GLARE sheets
Production of GLARE sheets at Fokker Aerostructures
1 2 3
4 5
Bondprimer paint shop Storage finished goods
5
Introduction
Current production system versus future demand
Fokker Aerostructures produces for the Airbus A380 30 shipsets (set of panels for one aircraft) per year.
Fokker wants to participate in upcoming high‐rate aircraft production programs (2020). Expected demand is
300 shipsets per year.
Yearly production Airbus A380 (current) High-rate aircraft programs (future) Factor
Shipsets 30 EA 300 EA 10
Panels 660 EA 4,500 EA 7
Area 11,070 m2 99,000 m2 9
Aluminum sheets 23,000 EA 193,500 EA 8
Current (small scale) production systems are not able to cope with these increasing and high volumes.
6
Introduction
High flexible, high volume against lower recurring costs
Fokker Aerostructures therefore started the project GLARE Automation
The aim is to show that a highly flexible (low response time), low cost and high volume production
system for GLARE panels is possible
The recurring costs of GLARE should be reduced significant (overall recurring costs should be reduced by
50%!)
Possible cost savings to achieve a 50% reduction on recurring costs
Recurring costs of GLARE production should be reduced significantly (step change)
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Introduction
Scope, research goal and research questions
Scope
Production of pretreated aluminum sheets
Objective
“To show that highly flexible, low costs and high volume production of pretreated aluminum sheets is possible.”
Research question
“How to model a production system for pretreated aluminum sheets, which is capable to cope with high‐rate
aircraft production programs?”
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Methodology
Research design
• Value stream mapping is used to analyze the current state production system
• The performance of the future state production system is measured by:
• Cycle time (non‐value added and value added)
• Waiting time
• Work‐in‐progress (WIP)
• Lead time
• Response time (indicator for the flexibility of the system)
• Recurring costs of pretreated aluminum sheets are determined by three cost items:
• Material costs
• Labor costs
• Depreciation on investment
Response time: The time between demand and delivery of a specific aluminum sheet;
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demanded by the lay‐up process and delivered by the sheet production system.
Analysis current state production
Value stream mapping
Value stream map performed to identify the production times and waste in current state production
Cycle time 1 2 3 4 5
6.4 hours
Lead time 31 days
Response time 19 hours
Storage raw material Aluminum sheet Chemical treatment Bondprimer paint shop Storage finished goods
production line
Waiting time: Waiting time:
13 days 17 days
Lead time and response time can be reduced by minimizing the waste
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Modelling future state production
Requirements from (internal) customer
Requirements from the (internal) customer, the lay‐up stations, are described and divided in:
• Product requirements:
• Some sheets have to be preformed
• Process requirements:
• Delivery of an unique sheet in 15 minutes.
• Maximum of 1 unique sheet per 12 hours.
• Production requirements:
• Yearly production of 193,500 sheets, with 129,600 flat and 63,900 preformed sheets.
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Modelling future state production
Future production systems
Three future production systems are proposed:
• Production system A: Producing aluminum sheets with the current state Airbus A380 GLARE
production technology.
• Production system B: Producing aluminum sheets from a lean manufacturing’s perspective with
minimal waste and short lead times in an automated production environment.
• Production system C: Production is based on production system B, but the flexibility is increased (lower
response time) by shifting the 2D milling process to the end of the production.
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Modelling future state production
Input and output variables
• Microsoft Excel is used to model future state production systems
• Input variables:
• Demand (# shipsets per year, sheet list)
• Effective machine hours (full‐time production = 6,200 hours per year)
• Process times per resource
• Recurring costs variables (material waste, material costs, labor rate, investment per resource)
• Inventory variables (fixed costs per m2, return on inventory capital)
• Output:
• Required sheet production (number of flat and preformed sheets, total sheet area)
• Production times
• Inventory costs
• Recurring costs (based on the three cost items)
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Results
Production times – Lead time and response time
Lead time is reduced by:
• Higher production rate
• Minimizing inventories
• Reducing non‐value added activities
• Faster 2D milling machine
Response time is reduced by:
• Higher production rate
• Waste reduction (lean)
• Faster 2D milling machine
• Shifting 2D milling process to end of
production
Production system C is highly flexible for flat
sheets compared to the other production
systems.
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Results
Recurring costs
Current (A380) recurring costs are €65 per
m2.
High‐rate production with A380 production
‐ 42% technology results in recurring costs of € 64
per m2.
Waste reduction and automation results in
recurring costs of € 40 per m2.
Shifting the 2D milling process to the end of
the production reduces the recurring costs
furthermore to € 38 per m2.
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Results
Relation between variables
A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the relations between the variables.
To identify promising fields of study to reduce the recurring costs furthermore.
• Production system A: • Production system C:
1. Reduce labor costs 1. Reduce material cost price
2. Reduce material cost price 2. Reduce material waste (milling)
3. Reduce material waste (milling) 3. Reduce labor costs
4. Reduce investment 4. Reduce investment
• Production system B:
1. Reduce material cost price
2. Reduce material waste (milling)
3. Reduce labor costs
4. Reduce investment
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Conclusions
Research question
“How to model a production system for pretreated aluminum sheets, which is capable to cope with high‐
rate aircraft production programs?”
High rate aircraft production programs: high flexibility, low costs and high volume production
• Flexibility of future production system can be measured with the response time. Flexibility can be
increased by shifting the 2D milling position to end of the production (response time of 12 minutes).
• Recurring costs can be determined by three cost items and can be mainly reduced by:
• Automation of the production processes (reduce labor costs)
• Decreasing the material cost price
• Decreasing the material waste
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Recommendations
• Implement production system C: shift 2D milling process to the end of production. High flexible and
low costs.
• Reduce recurring costs furthermore by reducing the material cost price and material waste of the
sheets (reduce milling waste).
• To create a high flexible production system, preformed sheets should be omitted. More or less all the
sheets can be delivered within 15 minutes – no finished goods inventory.
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Design of a large scale production
system for aluminum GLARE sheets
MSc project, Fokker Aerostructures
Graduation
13/01/2015
Piet de Vries
MSc. student Transport Engineering and Logistics
19
Back‐up
2014.TEL.7866.pdf
Fokker_model_sheetmetal v4.7.xlsx
A380_production_system.xlsx
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Back‐up
Recurring costs reduction
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Back‐up
Production times
Flat sheets Flat sheets
Production times
Cycle times, WIP and Respone time Lead time
1,200
1,000 50,000 44,402
TIME [MIN]
800 40,000
TIME [MIN]
600
30,000
400
200 20,000
0 8,231
VA C/T NVA C/T Total C/T WIP Response time 10,000 4,167
1,685
A380: Flat sheet 103 282 384 1,137 1,142
0
A32x‐A: Flat sheet 97 268 365 594 599 A380: Flat sheet A32x‐A: Flat sheet A32x‐B: Flat sheet A32x‐C: Flat sheet
A32x‐B: Flat sheet 77 211 287 351 292 Cycle time 384 365 287 268
A32x‐C: Flat sheet 77 192 268 332 12 Waiting time 44,018 7,866 3,880 1,417
800
TIME [MIN]
600 30,000
400
20,000
200 8,377
10,000 4,236
0 4,236
VA C/T NVA C/T Total C/T WIP Response time
0
A32x‐A: Preformed sheet 95 250 346 740 745 A32x‐A: Preformed sheet A32x‐B: Preformed sheet A32x‐C: Preformed sheet
A32x‐B: Preformed sheet 92 227 319 420 425 Cycle time 346 319 319
A32x‐C: Preformed sheet 92 227 319 420 425 Waiting time 8,031 3,917 3,917
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Back‐up
Overview recurring costs
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Back‐up
Inventory costs
Area [m2] Costs [€] Area [m2] Costs [€] Area [m2] Costs [€] Area [m2] Costs [€]
Material waste
Bondprimer BR127 34,752 € 61,164 284,362 € 500,477 284,362 € 500,477 266,366 € 468,805
Inventory costs
Flat sheets
Blank material 15,388 € 69,464 4,228 € 33,507 2,067 € 9,889 1,948 € 6,968
Pretreated material 12,666 € 390,256 5,775 € 895,665 2,869 € 439,587 76 € 11,672
Preformed sheets
Blank material 2,801 € 30,390 1,350 € 7,655 1,449 € 7,713
Pretreated material 2,450 € 380,016 1,209 € 185,304 1,209 € 185,048
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