List of antibiotics

The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division is between bactericidal antibiotics
and bacteriostatic antibiotics.
 Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas
 Bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing.
However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior. In practice, both can effectively treat a
bacterial infection.
The following are lists of antibiotics for specific microbial coverage.
o MRSA
Antibiotics that cover methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA):

 Ceftobiprole (5th generation)

 Ceftaroline (5th generation)
 Clindamycin
 Daptomycin
 Linezolid
 Mupirocin (topical)
 Tigecycline
 Vancomycin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
o Antibiotics that cover Pseudomonas aeruginosa:

 Aminoglycosides
 Carbapenems
 Ceftazidime (3rd generation)
 Cefepime (4th generation)
 Ceftobiprole (5th generation)
 Fluoroquinolones
 Piperacillin
 Ticarcillin
o VRE
Antibiotics that cover vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE):

 Linezolid
 Streptogramins
 ANTIBIOTIC BY CLASS

Possible side Mechanism of

Generic name Brand names Common uses[2]
effects[2] action

Aminoglycosides

Amikacin Amikin Infections caused Binding to the

by Gram-negative bacterial 30S ribo
bacteria, such somal subunit
Gentamicin Garamycin
as Escherichia (some work by
Kanamycin Kantrex coli and Klebsiellaparti binding to
Neomycin Neo-Fradin[3] cularly Pseudomonas the 50S subunit),
aeruginosa. Effective inhibiting the
Netilmicin Netromycin translocation of
against Aerobic  Hearing
Tobramycin Nebcin bacteria (not loss the peptidyl-
obligate/facultative tRNA from the
 Vertigo
anaerobes) A-site to the P-
 Kidney
and tularemia. All site and also
damage
aminoglicocydes are causing
ineffective to be taken misreading of
Paromomycin Humatin orally. Intravenous, mRNA, leaving
intramuscular and the bacterium
topical should be unable to
applied. synthesize
proteins vital to
its growth.
Streptomycin Tuberculosis
Spectinomycin(B
Trobicin Gonorrhea
s)
Ansamycins

Geldanamycin Experimental,
Herbimycin as antitumor antibiotics

Traveler's
Rifaximin Xifaxan diarrhea caused by E.
coli
 Carbacephem
prevents bacterial
cell division by
Loracarbef Lorabid Discontinued
inhibiting cell
wall synthesis.
Carbapenems
Ertapenem Invanz  Gastroint
Bactericidal for both estinal
Doripenem Doribax Gram-positive and upset and
Imipenem/Cilasta Gram-negative diarrhea
Primaxin organisms and
tin  Nausea Inhibition of cell
therefore useful for
 Seizures wall synthesis
empiric broad-
 Headache
spectrum antibacterial
Meropenem Merrem  Rash and
coverage. (Note MRSA
resistance to this class.) allergic
reactions
Cephalosporins (First generation)
Cefadroxil Duricef  Gastroint
Cefazolin Ancef estinal Same mode of
upset and action as
Cefalotin or Cefa Keflin(discontin diarrhea other beta-lactam
lothin ued)  Nausea antibiotics:
Good coverage against
(if disrupt the
Gram-positive
alcohol synthesis of
infections.
taken thepeptidoglycan
Cefalexin Keflex concurren layer of
tly) bacterial cell
 Allergic walls.
reactions
Cephalosporins (Second generation)
Cefaclor Distaclor  Gastroint
Mandol(discont estinal Same mode of
Cefamandole upset and action as
inued)
diarrhea other beta-lactam
Mefoxin(discon  Nausea antibiotics:
Cefoxitin Less Gram-positive
tinued) (if disrupt the
cover, improved Gram-
Cefprozil Cefzil alcohol synthesis of
negative cover.
taken thepeptidoglycan
concurren layer of
Ceftin, Zinnat( tly) bacterial cell
Cefuroxime
UK)  Allergic walls.
reactions
 Cephalosporins (Third generation)
Cefixime (antago
nistic with
Suprax
Chloramphenicol
)[4]
Omnicef,
Cefdinir
Cefdiel
Spectracef,
Cefditoren
Meiact
Cefoperazone [U
nlike most third-
generation
agents,
cefoperazone is
active
againstPseudomo
nas aeruginosa],  Gastroint
combination Cefobid(discont estinal Same mode of
Cefoperazone inued) Improved coverage of upset and action as
withSulbactam m Gram-negative diarrhea other beta-lactam
akes more organisms,  Nausea antibiotics:
effective except Pseudomonas. (if disrupt the
antibiotic, Reduced Gram-positive alcohol synthesis of
because cover. But still not taken thepeptidoglycan
Sulbactam avoid coverMycoplasma and concurren layer of
degeneration of Chlamydia tly) bacterial cell
Cefoperazone  Allergic walls.
Cefotaxime Claforan reactions

Cefpodoxime Vantin
Ceftazidime [Unl
ike most third-
generation
agents,
ceftazidime is
active
against Pseudom
Fortaz
onas aeruginosa,
but less active
against
staphylococci
and streptococci
compare to other
3rd generation of
Cephalosporins][5
]

Ceftibuten Cedax
Cefizox
Ceftizoxime
(discontinued)
Ceftriaxone [IV
and IM, not
orally, effective
also Rocephin
for syphilisand
uncomplicated go
norrhea]
Cephalosporins (Fourth generation)
 Gastroint
estinal Same mode of
upset and action as
diarrhea other beta-lactam
 Nausea antibiotics:
Covers pseudomonal (if disrupt the
Cefepime Maxipime
infections. alcohol synthesis of
taken thepeptidoglycan
concurren layer of
tly) bacterial cell
 Allergic walls.
reactions
Cephalosporins (Fifth generation)
Same mode of
action as
 Gastroint other beta-lactam
estinal antibiotics:
Ceftaroline upset and disrupt the
Teflaro Used to treat MRSA diarrhea
fosamil synthesis of
 Allergic thepeptidoglycan
reaction layer of
bacterial cell
walls.
Used to  Gastroint Same mode of
treat MRSA (methicilli estinal action as
n- upset and other beta-lactam
Ceftobiprole Zeftera
resistantStaphylococcus diarrhea antibiotics:
aureus), penicillin-  Nausea disrupt the
resistantStreptococcus (if synthesis of
 pneumoniae, Pseudomo alcohol thepeptidoglycan
nas aeruginosa, and taken layer of
enterococci concurren bacterial cell
tly) walls.
 Allergic
reactions
Glycopeptides
Teicoplanin Targocid (UK) Active against aerobic
Vancomycin Vancocin and anaerobic Gram-
positive bacteria
Telavancin Vibativ inhibiting peptido
including MRSA;
glycan synthesis
Dalbavancin Dalvance Vancomycin is used
orally for the treatment
Oritavancin Orbactiv of C. difficile
Lincosamides(Bs)
Clindamycin Cleocin Serious staph-,
Bind to 50S
pneumo-, and Possible C.
subunit of
streptococcal infections difficile-
bacterial
in penicillin-allergic relatedpseudo
Lincomycin Lincocin ribosomal RNAth
patients, also anaerobic membranous
ereby inhibiting
infections; clindamycin enterocolitis
protein synthesis
topically foracne
Lipopeptide
Bind to the
membrane and
Gram- cause rapid
positive organisms, but depolarization,
is inhibited by resulting in a loss
Daptomycin Cubicin
pulmonary surfactant s of membrane
o less effective against potential leading
pneumonias to inhibition of
protein, DNA and
RNA synthesis
Macrolides(Bs)
Zithromax,Sum Streptococcal  Nausea, inhibition of
Azithromycin
amed,Xithrone infections, syphilis, upp vomiting, bacterial protein
Clarithromycin Biaxin er respiratory tract and biosynthesis by
infections, lower diarrhea binding reversibly
Dynabac(discon respiratory tract (especiall to the
Dirithromycin
tinued) infections, mycoplasma y at subunit 50S of the
Erythocin,Eryth l infections, Lyme higher bacterial ribosom
Erythromycin disease doses) e, thereby
roped
Roxithromycin  Prolonged inhibiting
cardiac Q translocation of
T peptidyl tRNA.
interval (e
specially
erythrom
ycin)
Tao  Hearing
Troleandomycin
(discontinued) loss
(especiall
y at
higher
doses)
 Jaundice
Visual
Disturbance,
Telithromycin Ketek Pneumonia
Liver
Toxicity.[6]
Spiramycin Rovamycine Mouth infections
Monobactams
Same mode of
action as
other beta-lactam
antibiotics:
disrupt the
Aztreonam Azactam Gram-negative bacteria
synthesis of
thepeptidoglycan
layer of
bacterial cell
walls.
Nitrofurans
Bacterial
Furazolidone Furoxone or protozoal diarrhea or
enteritis
Nitrofurantoin(B Macrodantin,M
Urinary tract infections
s) acrobid
Oxazolidinones(Bs)
 Thrombo Protein synthesis
Linezolid Zyvox VRSA
cytopenia inhibitor;
  Peripheral prevents the
neuropath initiation step
y
 Serotonin
Syndrome
Phase II clinical
Posizolid
trials
Phase II clinical
Radezolid
trials
Phase II clinical
Torezolid
trials
Penicillins
Novamox,Amo
Amoxicillin
xil
Principen
Ampicillin
(discontinued)
Azlocillin
Geocillin
Carbenicillin
(discontinued)
 Gastroint
Tegopen
Cloxacillin estinal
(discontinued) Same mode of
upset and
Dynapen diarrhea action as
Dicloxacillin other beta-lactam
(discontinued) Wide range of  Allergy
antibiotics:
Floxapen(Sold infections; penicillin with
disrupt the
to European used forstreptococcal seriousan
Flucloxacillin synthesis of
generics infections, syphilis, aphylactic
thepeptidoglycan
Actavis Group) and Lyme disease reactions
layer of
 Brain and
Mezlin bacterial cell
Mezlocillin kidney
(discontinued) walls.
damage
Staphcillin (rare)
Methicillin
(discontinued)
Unipen
Nafcillin
(discontinued)
Prostaphlin
Oxacillin
(discontinued)
Pentids
Penicillin G
(discontinued)
 Veetids (Pen-
Penicillin V Vee-K)
(discontinued)
Pipracil
Piperacillin
(discontinued)
Penicillin G Pfizerpen
Negaban (UK)
Temocillin
(discontinued)
Ticar
Ticarcillin
(discontinued)
Penicillin combinations
Both
Amoxicillin/clavulanat
e and
Ampicillin/sulbactam
are effective against
non-recurrent
acute otitis
media[7] Only a
few oral-antibiotics
Amoxicillin/clav active for skin and soft
Augmentin
ulanate tissue infections, one of
it is The second
Amoxicillin/clavulanat component
e. Not to be given to prevents
children with less than bacterialresistanc
40 kilograms weight, e to the first
for children are component
heavier, the dosage is
same with adult, twice
daily [8]
Ampicillin/sulba
Unasyn
ctam
Piperacillin/tazob
Zosyn
actam
Ticarcillin/clavul
Timentin
anate
Polypeptides
Eye, ear or bladder Inhibits isoprenyl
Kidney and
Bacitracin infections; usually pyrophosphate, a
nerve damage
applied directly to the molecule that
 eye or inhaled into the (when given carries the
lungs; rarely given by by injection) building blocks of
injection, although the thepeptidoglycan
use of intravenous bacterial cell
colistin is experiencing wall outside of
a resurgence due to the the inner
emergence of multi membrane[9]
Colistin Coly-Mycin-S drug Interact with the
resistant organisms. Gram-
negative bacterial
outer
membrane and cy
toplasmic
membrane,
displacing
bacterial
counterions,
which
destabilizes the
Polymyxin B outer membrane.
Act like a
detergent against
the cytoplasmic
membrane, which
alters its
permeability.
Polymyxin B and
E are bactericidal
even in an
isosmotic
solution.
Quinolones/Fluoroquinolone
Cipro,Ciproxin,
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprobay Nausea (rare), inhibit the
Enoxacin Penetrex Urinary tract irreversible bacterial DNA
Gatifloxacin Tequin infections, bacterial damage gyrase or
prostatitis, community- to central thetopoisomerase
Gemifloxacin Factive[10] acquired pneumonia, b nervous IV enzyme,
Levofloxacin Levaquin acterial system (unco thereby
diarrhea, mycoplasmal mmon), inhibitingDNA re
Lomefloxacin Maxaquin infections, gonorrhea tendinosis plication and
Moxifloxacin Avelox (rare) transcription.
Nalidixic acid NegGram
Norfloxacin Noroxin
Floxin
Ofloxacin (discontinued),
Ocuflox
Trovafloxacin Trovan Withdrawn
Grepafloxacin Raxar Withdrawn
Sparfloxacin Zagam Withdrawn
Temafloxacin Omniflox Withdrawn
Sulfonamides (Bs)
Mafenide Sulfamylon Folate
Sulamyd, synthesis inhibitio
Sulfacetamide n. They
Bleph-10
 Nausea, arecompetitive
Sulfadiazine Micro-Sulfon inhibitors of the
vomiting,
Silver and enzymedihydropt
Silvadene eroate synthetase,
sulfadiazine diarrhea
 Allergy (i DHPS. DHPS
Di-Methox, catalyses the
Sulfadimethoxine ncluding
Albon conversion of
Urinary tract skin
Sulfamethizole Thiosulfil Forte rashes) PABA (para-
infections (except
Sulfamethoxazol  Crystals aminobenzoate)
Gantanol sulfacetamide, used
e in urine to dihydropteroat
for eye infections, and
e, a key step
Sulfanilimide (ar mafenide and silver  Kidney
in folate synthesis
chaic) sulfadiazine, used failure
. Folate is
topically for burns)  Decrease
Sulfasalazine Azulfidine necessary for the
in white cell to
Sulfisoxazole Gantrisin blood synthesize nucleic
cell count acids (nucleic
Trimethoprim-  Sensitivit acids are essential
Sulfamethoxazol y to building blocks
e(Co- Bactrim, Septra sunlight of DNA and RNA
trimoxazole) ), and in its
(TMP-SMX) absence cells
cannot divide.
Sulfonamidochry
Prontosil
soidine(archaic)
Tetracyclines(Bs)
Demeclocycline Declomycin Syphilis, chlamydial in  Gastroint inhibiting the
Doxycycline Vibramycin fections, Lyme estinal binding
disease,mycoplasmal upset of aminoacyl-
Minocycline Minocin
Oxytetracycline Terramycin infections,  Sensitivit tRNA to
acne rickettsialinfection y to themRNA-
s, *malaria *Note: sunlight ribosome comple
Malaria is caused by  Potential x. They do so
a protist and not a toxicity to mainly by binding
bacterium. mother to the 30S
and fetus ribosomal
during subunit in
pregnanc themRNA
y translation compl
 Enamel ex. But
Sumycin,Achro hypoplasi Tetracycline
Tetracycline a cannot be taken
mycin V,Steclin
(staining together with all
of teeth; dairy products,
potentiall aluminium, iron
y and zinc minerals.
permanen
t)
 transient
depressio
n of bone
growth
Drugs against mycobacteria
Clofazimine Lamprene Antileprotic
Dapsone Avlosulfon Antileprotic
Capreomycin Capastat Antituberculosis
Antituberculosis, urinar
Cycloserine Seromycin
y tract infections
Ethambutol(Bs) Myambutol Antituberculosis
Inhibits peptide
Ethionamide Trecator Antituberculosis
synthesis
Isoniazid I.N.H. Antituberculosis
Pyrazinamide Aldinamide Antituberculosis
Binds to the β
Reddish-
mostly Gram- subunit of RNA
Rifampicin (Rifa Rifadin, orange sweat,
positive and mycobacte polymerase to
mpin in US) Rimactane tears, and
ria inhibit
urine
transcription
Mycobacterium Rash,
Rifabutin Mycobutin
avium complex discolored
 urine, GI
symptoms
Rifapentine Priftin Antituberculosis
As
Neurotoxicity
Streptomycin Antituberculosis other aminoglyco
, ototoxicity
sides
Others
Spirochaetal infections
Arsphenamine Salvarsan
(obsolete)
Meningitis, MRSA,
topical use, or for low- Inhibits bacterial
cost internal treatment. protein synthesis
Chloramphenicol Rarely: aplast
Chloromycetin Historic: typhus, choler by binding to the
(Bs) ic anemia.
a.Gram- 50S subunit of the
negative, Gram- ribosome
positive, anaerobes
This
antibiotic is Inactivates enolpy
not ruvyl transferase,
Monurol, Acute cystitis in
Fosfomycin recommended thereby
Monuril women
for children blocking cell
and 75 up of wall synthesis
age
Fusidic acid Fucidin
Produces
toxic free
radicals that
Discolored disrupt DNA and
urine,headach proteins. This
Infections caused
e, metallic non-specific
by anaerobic bacteria;
Metronidazole Flagyl taste,nausea; mechanism is
alsoamoebiasis, tricho
alcohol is responsible for its
moniasis, giardiasis
contraindicate activity against a
d variety of
bacteria,
amoebae, and
protozoa.
Inhibits
Ointment for impetigo, isoleucine t-RNA
Mupirocin Bactroban
cream for infected cuts synthetase
(IleRS) causing
 inhibition of
protein synthesis
Platensimycin
Quinupristin/Dalf
Synercid
opristin
A
chloramphenicol
Gram-negative, Gram- Rash. Lacks analog. May
positive, anaerobes. known inhibit bacterial
Thiamphenicol
Widely used in anemic side- protein synthesis
veterinary medicine. effects. by binding to the
50S subunit of the
ribosome
Teeth
Slowly Intravenous.
discoloration
Indicated for
and same side
complicated skin/skin
effects
structure infections,
astetracycline
soft tissues infections
. Not to be
and complicated intra-
given for
abdominal infections. Similar structure
children and
Effective for gram with tetracycline,
pregnant or
positive and negative but 5 times
lactate
and also anaerob stronger, big
Tigecycline(Bs) Tigacyl women.
antibiotics, against volume
Relatively
multi-resistant distribution and
safe and no
antibiotics bacteries long half-time in
need dose
such asStaphylococcus the body
adjusted
aureus (MRSA)
when be
andAcinetobacter
given for mild
baumannii, but not
to moderate
effective
liver function
forPseudomonas spp.
or renal
and Proteus spp.
patients
Upset
Tindamax stomach,
Tinidazole Protozoal infections
Fasigyn bitter taste,
and itchiness
Trimethoprim Proloprim,
Urinary tract infections
(Bs) Trimpex