MATB21 Flervariabelanalys 1

Spring 2016

Centre for Mathematical Sciences

Mathematics, Faculty of Science

Exercise sheet 1

Exercises.
1. Sketch the boundary ∂M where M is the subset of R2 consisting of all points (x, y)
such that
a) x2 + y 2 < 1, b) x2 > y and x2 + y 2 ≥ 1, c) x2 − y 2 < 0,
d) |x| + |y| ≤ 1, e) |x| ≤ 1 and |y| ≤ 1, f) |x| ≤ 1 or |y| < 1,
y 2 −x4
g) 0 < |y| ≤ x and 0 < x < 1, h) x2 +y 2 −1
> 0.

2. Make a sketch of the set K which consists of those points (x, y) ∈ R2 such that

1 ≤ |x| + |y| ≤ 2.

Then determine the maximal and minimal values of f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 where (x, y) ∈
K.
3. Find the domain of definition D(f ) where f is the function
1
a) f (x1 , x2 ) = ln (x1 + 2x2 − 1), b) f (x1 , x2 ) = x12 +x22 +2x1 x2 −1
,
1+x1 x2 1
c) f (x1 , x2 ) = x12 +x22 +x1 x2
, d) f (x1 , x2 ) = x12 −x22
.

4. a) Sketch the graph of the function

1
f (x, y) = .
x2 + y 2
b) Draw the level curves f (x, y) = C for C = 1, 2, 3, 4.
5. Sketch a few level curves and describe the graph of
p
a) f (x, y) = 1 − x 2 − 3y 2 , b) f (x, y) = 1 − x 2 − y 2
p
c) f (x, y) = 1 − x 2 + y 2 , d) f (x, y) = 1 − x.
6. a) Express the function
2xy
f (x, y) =
x2 + y2
in polar coordinates. Which values can f assume as (x, y) varies over the punctured
disc 0 < x 2 + y 2 < δ 2 ? Does f become continuous if one defines f (0, 0) = 0?
Answer the above questions for the following functions:
2xy
b) f (x, y) = 1+x 2 +y 2
, f (x, y) = √ 2xy , d) f (x, y) = 2xy
(x 2 +y 2 ) 2
.
x +y 2
2

Please, turn over!

 7. Consider the function
(
x1 x2
x12 +|x2 |
, (x1 , x2 ) 6= (0, 0),
f (x1 , x2 ) =
0, (x1 , x2 ) = (0, 0).

Determine whether f is continuous, and find the range f R 2 = f (x1 , x2 ); (x1 , x2 ) ∈ R 2 .



8. Determine whether the following limits exist. Calculate them when this is the case.
√
sin x 2 +y 2
a) lim(x,y)→(1,1) x−y
x−1 , b) lim(x,y)→(0,0) √ .
x 2 +y 2
p
9. Find (if it exists) the following limit, where x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) and kxk = x12 + x22 + x32 ,
2
e kxk − 1
lim .
x→0 kxk 2 + x12 x2 + x22 x3

10. Find, if they exist, the following limits:

sin(x 2 y 2 ) 2
a) limx 2 +y 2 →∞ x 2 +y 2 , b) limx 2 +y 2 →∞ xye −(x+y) .

Questions on basic set theory

11. Let A = [−1, 3], B = (−3, 1], C = (2, 4], D = (−2, ∞). Which of the following
statements are true?
a) 0 ∈ A, b) 0 6∈ B, c) C ⊂ D, d) B ⊂ D, e) [0, 3] ⊂ A, f) A and B are disjoint,
g) {2, 3} ⊂ D, h) B and C are disjoint, i) A 6⊂ B.

12. For the sets A, B, C, D in Exercise ??, describe the following sets:
a) A ∪ B, b) Dc , c) A ∩ C, d) D \ C, e) B ∩ C, f) A ∪ B ∪ C ∪ D.

Answers.
2. Largest value: 4. Smallest value: 1/2.

3. a) x1 + 2x2 − 1 > 0, b) x1 + x2 6= ±1, c) (x1 , x2 ) 6= (0, 0), d) x2 6= ±x1 .

5. Half-ellipsoid. b) Paraboloid. c) Cone. d) Plane.

6. a) No. b) Yes. c) Yes. d) No.

7. f is continuous and f R 2 = R.

8. a) Does not exist. b) The limit equals 1.

9. The limit is 1.

10. a) 0. b) Does not exist.

11. b), d) and f) are false; the remaining statements are true.

12. a) A ∪ B = (−3, 3], b) Dc = (−∞, −2], c) A ∩ C = (2, 3], d) D \ C = (−2, 2] ∪ (4, ∞),
e) B ∩ C = ∅, f) A ∪ B ∪ C ∪ D = (−3, ∞).