REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IRC:112

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

WORKED EXAMPLE- ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR

Jatinder Singh Pahuja

Senior Principal Consultant , Tandon Consultant Pvt Ltd

Jatinder Singh Pahuja received his Mtech degree in Structural

Engineering from IIT Delhi. He has experience of 28 years in designing
flyovers & long span bridges in India and overseas. He is also a guest
faculty in Indian Academy Of Highway Engineers. He is also a part of
bridge committee, B-9 of IRC, responsible for formulating guidelines
for special bridges such as Cable Stayed bridges, Extradosed bridges,
Sea Link Bridges.

Email address:- js_tcpl@yahoo.com

jspahuja@yahoo.com
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

INPUT-IRC:SP:105-WORKED EXAMPLE 10-3-3 & 10.5-1

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

CONCRETE PARAMETERS
Characteristic compresssive cube strength of concrete at
28 days fck (MPa) 40 40 40

Partial Safety factor For Concrete, Fig 6.5 of IRC:112 gc 1.5 1.5 1.5

Fig 6.5 of IRC:112 αCC 0.67 0.67 0.67

Design Value of concrete compressive strength fcd (MPa) 17.9 17.9 17.9

Exponent as given in Table 6.5 & EQ 6.21 of IRC:112 η 2.0 2.0 2.0

fcm (MPa) 50.0 50.0 50.0

fctm (MPa) 3.0 3.0 3.0

fctk0.05 (MPa) 2.1 2.1 2.1

Design Value Of Concrete Tensile Strength fctd (MPa) 1.41 1.41 1.41

REINFORCING STEEL PARAMETERS

Charaeristic Yeild Strength Of Steel f yk (MPa) 415 415 415

Partial Safety Factor For Steel gm 1.15 1.15 1.15

Design Yeild Strength Of Steel gm

fyd = fyk /g (MPa) 360.9 360.9 360.9

Design Yeild Strength Of Web Steel gm

fywd = fyk /g (MPa) 360.9 360.9 360.9
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

SECTION PARAMETERS
Depth of Section D (m) 2.000 2.000 2.000
Width Of Each Web of Section b (m) 0.600 0.338 0.300
Nos of Web n 2 2 2
Cross-sectional Area of Section A (m^2) 6.900 5.380 5.140
Moment Of Inertia Of Section I (m^4) 3.815 3.216 3.070
Distance from top Fibre to neutral axis Yt (m) 0.910 0.800 0.780
Distance from bottom Fibre to neutral axis Yb (m) 1.090 1.200 1.220
Section Modulus at top fibre Zt (m^3) 4.192 4.020 3.936
Section Modulus at bottom fibre Zb (m^3) 3.500 2.680 2.516
First Moment of Area Between centroidal Axes & Extreme
Compression Fibre about Centroidal Axes S=AX (m^3) 2.415 1.950 1.880
Area enclosed by centreline of members forming closed (m2)
box AK 8.570 8.570 8.570
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

SECTION FORCES
Ultimate Vertical Shear Force vEd (kN) 4100 3150 620

Ultimate Moment, +ve sign of BM means

tension at bottom of girder & -ve sign of BM means MEd (kNm) 18606 31720 41147
tension at top of girder
Ultimate Axial force NEd (kN) 0 0 0
(-ve Compressive force & +ve means tensile force)

Ultimate Torsion TEd (kNm) 5000 4500 4000

Factor to take account of pre-

K1 1 1 1
tensioning Effect
Lever Arm (calculated from flexure analysis, using z (m) 1.54 1.54 1.54
corresponding moment and axial force)
Shear component of the force in the
compression area, in the case of an inclined vccd (kN) 0 0 0
compression chord
Shear component of the force in the
tension reinforcement, in the case of an vtd (kN) 0 0 0
inclined tensile chord
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

PRESTRESSING CABLES LAYOUT DETAILS

Total Force In cables after all losses Pt (kN) -21400 -21828 -22192
Location Of CG of all cable From Top Of Girder (m) 1.530 1.630 1.690
Distance Of CG of cable from Neutral Axis,Positive sign
of location of cables means below the neutral axis of
girder & Negative sign of location of cables means e (m) 0.620 0.830 0.910
abovethe neutral axis of girder
Vertical Component Of Prestress,Positive sign of Force
means that it is releif to Shear Force & Negative sign of VPd (kN) -898 -365 0
Force means that is added to shear Force
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

1.1 CHECK WHETHER SECTION IS CRACKED OR UNCRACKED

1.1.1 Check at extreme tension fibre due to flexure and axial forces
Cross-sectional Area of Section A (m^2) 6.900 5.380 5.140
Distance from top Fibre to neutral axis Yt (m) 0.910 0.800 0.780
Distance from bottom Fibre to neutral axis Yb (m) 1.090 1.200 1.220
Section Modulus at top fibre Zt (m^3) 4.192 4.020 3.936
Section Modulus at bottom fibre Zb (m^3) 3.500 2.680 2.516

Ultimate Vertical Shear Force vEd (kN) 4100 3150 620

Ultimate Moment MEd (kNm) 18606 31720 41147

Prestress Force P (kN) -21400 -21828 -22192

Primary Moment of Prestress Pe (kNm) -13264 -18108 -20197

Ultimate Axial force NEd (kN) 0 0 0

Tension Face, if bottom fibre, then (B), If Top Fibre, then (T) (B) (B) (B)
Stress Due To External Moment and External Axial force
At Extreme Tensile Fibre (Positive value of stress means
Tensile stress & Negative value of stress is compressive fe=NED/A +MED /Zt or Zb (MPa) 5.32 11.84 16.35
stress )
Stress Due To Prestress At Extreme Tensile Fibre
(Positive value of stress means Tensile stress & Negative fp=P/A +Pe /Zt or Zb (MPa) -6.89 -10.81 -12.34
value of stress is compressive stress )
Final Stress At Extreme Tensile Fibre ft= (fe+fp) (MPa) -1.58 1.02 4.01

Design Value Of Concrete Tensile Strength fctd (MPa) 1.41 1.41 1.41
If ft >fctd ,then section is Cracked else Uncracked UNCRACKED UNCRACKED CRACKED
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

1.1.2 Check at Neutral axes under pure shear and axial

forces (Shear Capacity Of Concrete (Uncracked))
Deduction For Metallic Duct Holes in Webs= ∅ (m) 0.09 0.09 0
Grouted or Ungrouted Grouted Grouted Grouted
Effective Width Of Section bwc (m) 1.110 0.586 0.600

Depth of Section D (m) 2.000 2.000 2.000

Cross-sectional Area of Section A (m^2) 6.900 5.380 5.140
Moment Of Inertia Of Section I (m^4) 3.815 3.216 3.070
First Moment of Area Between centroidal Axes & Extreme
Compression Fibre about Centroidal Axes S (m^3) 2.415 1.950 1.880

Depending on nature of prestressing K1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Design Value Of Concrete Tensile Strength fctd (MPa) 1.41 1.41 1.41

Applied Axial Force=P+F NEd +P (kN) -21400 -21828 -22192

Mean Compressive Stress Due To Axial Force and

Prestress at centroidal axes σCP= (NED + P)/A (MPa) -3.10 -4.06 CRACKED

Ultimate Shear Resistance Of Section if Uncracked In

Flexure, Eq 10.4 of IRC:112 VRdc (uncracked) (kN) 4430 2688 CRACKED

Net Shear Force VED - Vpd - Vcc-Vtd (kN) 3202 2785 620

PROV MIN SHEAR DESIGN FOR DESIGN FOR

If VED>VRd.c, Design Shear Reinf For Full Shear Else Provide Minimum Shear Reinf
R/F FULL SHEAR FULL SHEAR
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

2.0 CHECK FOR CRUSHING STRENGTH OF STRUT AND

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT CALCULATIONS

Crossectional Area Of Section Ac (m^2) 6.900 5.380 5.140

Strength Reduction Factor, Eq 10.6 of IRC:112 γ1 0.52 0.52 0.52

Effective Width Of Section bwc (m) 1.110 0.586 0.600

Design Value of concrete compressive strength fcd (MPa) 17.867 17.867 17.867

Applied Axial Force & Prestress Force Ned + P (kN) -21400 -21828 -22192
Mean Compressive Stress Due To Axial Force &
Prestress σCP=(NEd + P)/ A (MPa) -3.10 -4.06 -4.32
Coefficient taking account of state of the stress in
compression chord αcw 1.17 1.23 1.24

Lever Arm (calculated from flexure analysis, using z (m) 1.540 1.540 1.540
corresponding moment and axial force)
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

2.0 CHECK FOR CRUSHING STRENGTH OF STRUT AND

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT CALCULATIONS

Net Vertical Shear Force=VED - Vpd - Vcc-Vtd VNS (kN) 3202 2785 620

o PROV MIN SHEAR

Max Allowable Shear Corresponding To Strut angle of 45 VRd.max,Θ
Θ =45 (kN) 5170 5356
R/F
Max Allowable Shear Corresponding To Strut angle of PROV MIN SHEAR
o VRd.max,Θ
Θ =21.8 (kN) 3565 3694
21.8 R/F
Min Design Angle Of Strut (Refer cl 10.3.3.1 of IRC:112- PROV MIN SHEAR
2011) θoMin R/F
21.80 21.80

Recommended Design Angle Of Strut θoRecommended 21.80 23.00 21.80

Design Angle Of Strut θoDes 21.80 23.00 21.80

VRD.max Based On Choosen Design Angle Of Strut, EQ 10.8 PROV MIN SHEAR
of IRC:112-2011
VRd.max (kN)
R/F
3719 3694

PROV MIN SHEAR VRD,max>VED VRD,max>VED

Check For Crushing Of Compression Strut
R/F Hence OK Hence OK
2
Min Shear Reinf Required, EQ 10.20 of IRC:112 Asv/ Sv (cm /m) 15.1 8.5 7.6
2 PROV MIN SHEAR
Total Shear Reinf Required Asv/ Sv (cm /m) 21.3 4.5
R/F
2
Max of (Min , Req Reinf) Asv/ Sv (cm /m) 15.1 21.3 7.6

Total Shear Reinf Required in each web Asv/ Sv (cm2/m) 7.6 10.6 3.8
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

2.1 CHECK FOR LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT

Ultimate Vertical Shear Force VEd (kN) 3202 2785 620
PROV MIN SHEAR
Design Angle Of Strut θoDes R/F
23.00 21.80
o
Angle Of Shear R/f with Longitudinal axes α 90 90 90

Additional Tensile Force in longitudinal direction due to NO ADDITIONAL

shear, EQ 10.16 of IRC:112
∆Ftd (kN)
LONG R/F
3281 775

NO ADDITIONAL
Additional R/f required in longitudinal direction ∆Ftd / fyd (cm^2)
LONG R/F
91 21
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

3.0 TORSION CHECK

Ultimate Torsion
TEd (kNm) 5000 4500 4000
Area enclosed by centreline of members forming closed (m2)
box AK 8.570 8.570 8.570

Torsion Shear Flow TEd / (2 Ak) (kN/m) 292 263 233

Design Angle Of Strut θoDes 21.80 23.00 21.80

3.1 TORSION CHECK FOR WEB

Width of each web tef,w (m) 0.600 0.338 0.300

Torsion Shear stress in web, Eq 10.46 of IRC:112 TEd/(2 Ak tef,w) (MPa) 0.49 0.78 0.78
Design Torsion Resistance Moment of Web, Eq 10.48 of
IRC:112 TRd .max (kNm) 38856 23873 20555
Remarks > 5,000 > 4,500 > 4,000
Check For Adequacy of Web for Torsion Web thk OK Web thk OK Web thk OK
Net Shear in Each Web V ed
(kN)
3202 2785 620

Allowable Shear in Each Web VRd.max (kN) N/A 3719 3694

TEd / TRd .max + VEd / VRd .max , Eq 10.47 of IRC:112 N/A 0.937 0.362

Check For Combined Torsion Shear Stress & vertical Shear Stress in Web N/A Web thk ok Web thk ok

Required Torsion R/f in each web Asv/ Sv (cm2/m) 3.23 3.09 2.59
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

SECTION Sec 3-3 Sec 4-4 Sec 6-6

3.2 TORSION CHECK FOR SOFFIT SLAB

Min thickness of soffit slab tef,s (m) 0.500 0.375 0.250

Torsion Shear stress in soffit slab, Eq 10.46 of IRC:112 TEd/(2 Ak tef,s) (mpa) 0.583 0.700 0.933

Design Torsion Resistance Moment of Soffit slab TRd .max (kNm) 32380 26486 17129

Remarks > 5,000 > 4,500 > 4,000

Check For Adequacy of Soffit slab for Torsion Soffit thk OK Soffit thk OK Soffit thk OK
2
Required Torsion R/f in Soffit slab Asv/ Sv (cm /m) 3.23 3.09 2.59

3.3 TORSION CHECK FOR DECK SLAB

Min Thickness of Deck slab tef,d (m) 0.25 0.25 0.25

Torsion Shear stress in Deck slab, Eq 10.46 of IRC:112 TEd/(2 Ak tef,d) (mpa) 1.17 1.05 0.93

Design Torsion Resistance Moment of deck slab TRd .max (kNm) 16190 17657 17129

Remarks > 5,000 > 4,500 > 4,000

Check For Adequacy of deck slab for Torsion Deck slab thk OK Deck slab thk OK Deck slab thk OK
RequiredTorsion R/f in deck slab 2 3.23 3.09 2.59
Asv/ Sv (cm /m)

3.4 ADDITIONAL LONGITUDINAL REINF

2
Required Longitudinal in Box Girder, EQ 10.49 of IRC:112 Asv/ Sv (cm /m) 20.21 17.14 16.17
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

Neutral Axes Depth

Defination of “bw” for working shear strength of section

for box girder with inclined webs
 EXAMPLE OF ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR & TORSION

REFRESHER COURSE ON CONCRETE BRIDGE DESIGN USING IRC:112 , ORGANIZED BY IAStructE, 8th SEP 2018, DELHI- J. S . PAHUJA

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