Transformational Leadership

1. Intellectual Stimulation – Transformational leaders not only challenge the status quo;
they also encourage creativity among followers. The leader encourages followers to
explore new ways of doing things and new opportunities to learn.

2. Individualized Consideration – Transformational leadership also involves offering

support and encouragement to individual followers. In order to foster supportive
relationships, transformational leaders keep lines of communication open so that
followers feel free to share ideas and so that leaders can offer direct recognition of the
unique contributions of each follower.

3. Inspirational Motivation – Transformational leaders have a clear vision that they are
able to articulate to followers. These leaders are also able to help followers experience the
same passion and motivation to fulfill these goals.

4. Idealized Influence – The transformational leader serve as a role model for followers.
Because followers trust and respect the leader, they emulate this individual and
internalize his or her ideals.

Transactional Leadership

1. Definite and clear chain of command - People perform their best when the chain of
command is definite and clear.

2. Rewards and punishments - Rewards and punishments are contingent upon the
performance of the followers. The leader views the relationship between managers and
subordinates as an exchange - you give me something for something in return. When
subordinates perform well, they receive a reward. When they perform poorly, they will be
punished in some way. Rewards and punishments also motivate workers.

3. Obeying the instructions and commands of the leader is the primary goal of the
followers.
 4. Monitoring Subordinates - Subordinates need to be carefully monitored to ensure that
expectations are met.

Democratic Leadership

1. Encouraged to share ideas and opinions – Group members are encouraged to share
ideas and opinions, even though the leader retains the final say over decisions.

2. Inspire trust and respect – Strong democratic leaders inspire trust and respect among
followers. They are sincere and base their decisions on their morals and values. Followers
tend to feel inspired to take action and contribute to the group. Good leaders also tend to
seek diverse opinions and do not try to silence dissenting voices or those that offer a less
popular point of view.

3. Creativity is encouraged and rewarded - Group members are encouraged to share their
thoughts, democratic leadership can lead to better ideas and more creative solutions to
problems. Group members also feel more involved and committed to projects, making
them more likely to care about the end results.

Autocratic Leadership

1. Leaders dictate all work methods and process - Group leaders dictate all the work
methods and processes. Leaders make almost all of the decisions.

2. Structured and rigid - Work tends to be highly structured and very rigid.

3. No input from group members - Little or no input from group members. Group
members are rarely trusted with decisions or important tasks.

4. No creativity and out of the box thinking - Creativity and out-of-the box thinking tend
to be discouraged.