Solution

Class 10 - English Language and Literature

Chapter Test
Section A
1. In all aspects, the title of the story 'A Triumph of Surgery’ is quite appropriate. In
fact, the title is based on the main idea of the story. This chapter is all about the
surgery and its triumph. Surgery refers to medical support and treatment. Mrs.
Pumphrey, who is a very rich woman, has a pet dog named Tricki. She can’t see
it in any trouble. She loves it so much that she becomes responsible for its over-
eating. Tricki falls ill. She becomes very sad and calls the doctor, Mr. Herriot,
who is a veterinary surgeon. He admits Tricki to the hospital for surgery. In
reality, he cuts its diet and makes it do some hard exercise. It becomes well after
treatment. The irony is that the doctor understands the cause and remedy of the
problem and treats the dog without any real surgery. But Mrs. Pumphrey thinks
that the dog's recovery is a triumph of surgery because of the dog's plight. When
Tricki is brought to the surgery, it is very ill. But at the end of the story, it is full
of energy and has no ailment. So the title is quite appropriate.
2. Mrs. Pumphrey loved her pet dog Tricki very much. When she found that Tricki
was no more active and energetic, she tried to give more nutrients in his food
through malt, cod-liver oil, a bowl of Horlicks and an extra diet of cream cakes
and chocolates to make him more energetic. But she did not give him exercises.
In fact, Tricki was not suffering from any disease. Mr. Harriot found out the
main cause of his ailment, which was his greed for over-eating. Mr. Harriot
recovered him from lethargy caused by overeating and excessive fat by giving
him a controlled diet. He was able to treat the dog by being strict with him
regarding diet and physical activities. So, Mr. Harriot's method could be
regarded as better of two as Mr. Harriot understood the cause and remedy of the
disease.
3. Tricki was Mrs. Pumphrey's favourite dog and she pampered him because she
loved him very much. She believed that he had become lazy because he suffered
from malnutrition. So she gave him some little extras between meals to build
him up, like malt, cod-liver oil and a bowl of Horlicks at night. She did it out of
love and concern. She continued to convey Tricki her love even in the hospital
through eggs, wine and brandy. But Tricki was also at fault for his present
condition. He was a greedy dog who wanted to eat anything and everything

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 which was served to him. He used to have a meal at any hour of the day or night.
He changed his system very easily according to the luxuries he got. He had
become a glutton as he never refused to eat food. Apart from all that, he never
believed in going for exercises or walk. He rather tried to please his mistress by
eating all the time, be it sweets or eggs. This made the dog lazy, inactive and
obese. He used to lie on his rug and pant all day long. So, he was also to be
blamed for his present condition.
4. Mrs. Pumphrey is a very rich woman. Her dog’s name is Tricki. She has a deep
love and cares for her pet dog. She does not treat it like a dog, but she treats it
like her own child. This can be seen throughout the story. She provides it with a
luxurious life. Tricki has cushions, bed, bowls and different types of clothes.
Apart from this, she overfeeds Tricki out of her love and concern. She serves him
cod-liver oil and malt between the main meals and Horlicks after dinner to give
him strength. She never realizes that Tricki is a greedy dog and this will spoil his
health. She does not even refuse to answer Tricki's drooling for cream cakes and
chocolates. She gives it a very nutritious diet and no exercise at all. As a result,
Tricki becomes too fat. It falls ill. Mrs. Pumphrey immediately calls Mr.Herriot,
who is a veterinary surgeon. Mr. Herriot advises her to cut its diet and give it
some exercise, but she does not follow his advice and Tricki's condition worsens.
Even in the hospital, she continues to convey Tricki her love through eggs, wine
and brandy. After the treatment, Tricki gets well. Thus, Mrs. Pumphrey has too
much love for her dog.
5. Tricki was Mrs. Pumphrey’s pet dog. The dog fell ill due to overfeeding. So Mrs.
Pumphrey called Mr. Herriot, a veterinary surgeon. He examined Tricki and
decided to hospitalise him immediately. The ‘parting scene’ was full of worries,
excitement and panic. Mrs. Pumphrey’s household staff were worried. They
rushed with Tricki’s belongings like bowls, beds, cushions etc. Mrs Pumphrey
began to cry loudly when Dr. Herriot carried Tricki in a blanket to his car. She
had always treated Tricki like her own child. She loved him so much that she
pampered him beyond limits out of concern. So she gave out a despairing cry
when the Doctor moved off with Tricki. At the parting time of Tricki, almost
every member of the family was in tears. It was like a member of their family
was going to be hospitalised. Thus, the scene ended with deep sorrow.
6. Mr. Herriot was a doctor. He was an experienced veterinary surgeon. He was
very kind and gentle with animals. He was determined to help the animals.

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 Mrs.Pumphrey had too much faith in him. When he saw her dog Tricki, he
observed it and immediately caught its main problem. Like a good doctor, he
strictly advised Mrs.Pumphrey to cut its diet and give it physical exercise. But
Mrs. Pumphrey did not follow his advice.
When Mrs. Pumphrey called him again, he immediately guessed that it would be
Tricki. He reached her house and decided to take him in surgery. But in reality,
he only gave Tricki water and stopped its food for two days. Tricki recovered
very soon and became healthy. Mr Herriot's kindness and compassion compelled
him to do something for the dog. Thus, Mr. Herriot was an intelligent and
experienced person who knew how to deal with situations. He was the good
neighbourly doctor that one would wish to have.
7. Dr. Harriot was called upon when Tricki fell ill. When he looked at the dog, he
immediately made out that Tricki did not need any medicine. Tricki was sick
because he had taken excess food. So Dr. Harriot gave little food and stressed on
lots of water and exercise, which Tricki was not used to. Tricki joined the other
dogs in their friendly scrimmages. He was served food with the other dogs and
was also made to run and play with them. He gradually learnt the art of hunting
rats and fighting like a tiger for his share at the time of the meal. Soon, Tricki
became normal and that too without taking any medicine. It was because he was
leading a normal life like other dogs, which he never experienced at Mrs.
Pumphrey's house.
8. Lencho wrote a letter to God to get help from God of one hundred pesos. The
postmaster received the letter through the postman. He was very surprised to
see such innocent faith in God. He opened the letter and read it. After reading it,
he came to know that he required money. Now the postmaster collected money
from his employees, friends and he himself also gave a part of his salary. He
could only arrange seventy pesos and he sent that much amount to him. When
Lencho received the letter, he was not surprised at all but he got angry. He
thought that the post office employees took some money out of it. So again he
wrote the letter and asked God to send the rest of the amount through some
other source and so, he called them as " a bunch of crooks".
9. Lencho was a farmer. He lived on the crest of a hill. He worked like an animal in
his fields, but still, he knew how to write. He had good faith in God, with that he
used to live happily. He was so simple that he did not know about the reality of
the outer world. Lencho was a very hard working farmer. It was the result of his

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 hard work that his fields were full of ripped corn with flowers. He knew his
fields deeply because he always remained busy in his fields. He was waiting for
a downpour or a lite shower for his crop. Lencho was very naive. He writes a
letter to God. He did not know that God cannot be addressed directly. God is the
supreme power and no one can see or talk to him directly. He had immense faith
in God. He believed that God won't let anyone die of hunger. When his crop was
destroyed his only hope was the help of God. His faith was so strong that the
postmaster was convinced to help him. We can say that Lencho had many
qualities in his character but was very naive for the world.
10. Lencho was a farmer who was waiting eagerly for the rain as his crops needed a
downpour or a shower. The rain came and Lencho felt the raindrops were new
coins. According to him, the big raindrops were ten cent pieces and the little
ones are fives. He was quite happy with the rainfall. But suddenly the strong
wind began to blow and with the rain very large hailstones began to fall. He
hoped it would pass quickly but it did not happen. The rain which was a hope
for a better future changed. It shattered all his hopes and changed the face of his
field. The whole standing crop was ruined. Not a leaf remained on the trees. By
seeing the crop Lencho's soul filled with sadness, the hailstorm left him in
starvation that year.
11. Lencho was a very innocent farmer. He had a keen faith in God. When the
hailstones destroyed his corn-fields thoroughly, he was unhappy and
disappointed. He had faith, that God does not let anyone die of hunger. Although
he was scared if God did not help him, his family would have to starve. His only
hope was the help of God, whose eyes, sees everything. He wrote a letter to God
to send him one hundred pesos that would be enough to sow his field again and
to feed his family till the next crop. His letter was seen by the postman and then
by the postmaster. The postmaster sent money to Lencho to continue his faith.
But he could not send one hundred pesos as expected, he could send only
seventy pesos. After getting the reply, Lencho counted the money and got
annoyed. He wrote another letter to God. In his second letter, he called the post
office employees “a bunch of crooks”, as he thought that they stole the thirty
pesos that were sent to him by God. He also requested to send the remaining
money, but not through the mail.
12. Lencho has good faith in God. Lencho's cornfield has been completely destroyed
by the storm and hailstones. He thought only of one hope, the help from God. So

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 he decided to write a letter to God asking for 100 pesos in order to resow his
field. He placed a stamp on the letter and dropped into the mailbox. One of the
employees, who was a postman, went to his boss and showed him the letter to
God. He was inspired by the writer's faith in God. In order not to shake the
writer's faith in God he decided to answer the letter. He collected money from
his employees, he himself gave a part of the salary, and several friends of his
were obliged to give something for an act of Charity. But he was able to collect
only 70 pieces. He put the money in the envelope and addressed to Lencho.
When Lencho got the letter he did not show any bit of surprise. Instead, he
became angry about getting only 70 pesos. He was sure that God could not have
made a mistake nor could he have denied Lencho what he had a requested. He
wrote another letter to God asking for remaining pesos and asked not to send
through the mail because the post office employees are a bunch of crooks. This
shows Lencho's faith in God.
13. Lencho depended solely on his fields for his livelihood. The earth needed some
downpour. At supper, it rained heavily along with the hailstones. Lencho had
good faith in God. Lencho 's cornfield has been completely destroyed by the
storm and hailstones. He thought only of one hope, the help from God. So he
decided to write a letter to God asking for 100 pesos in order to resow his field.
One of the postmen showed the postmaster the letter to God. He was inspired by
the writer's faith in God. In order not to shake the writer's faith in God he
decided to answer the letter. He collected money from his employees he himself
came a part of the salary, and several friends of his were obliged to give
something for an act of Charity. But he was able to collect only 70 pieces. He put
the money in the envelope and addressed to Lencho. When Lencho got the letter
he did not show any bit of surprise. Instead, he became angry with getting only
70 pesos. He was sure that God could not have made a mistake nor could he have
denied Lencho what he had a requested. He wrote an another letter to God
asking for remaining pesos and asked not to send through mail because the post
office employees are a bunch of crooks. This shows Lencho 's faith in God.
14. Nelson Mandela said that he learnt the meaning of courage from the comrades,
who were the purest diamonds of their country. They did not care about their
lives. He saw those people who had sacrificed their life's for the country.
Mandela saw men stand up to attacks and torture without breaking, showing
strength and resilience that defies the imagination. According to Mandela,

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 courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. In other words, the
brave man is not the one who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that
fear. In Mandela’s opinion, no man is born to hate another man on the basis of
skin colour or religion. Taught them to love because love comes more naturally
to the human heart than from its opposite.
15. Mandela had different concepts of freedom at different stages of life. As a boy, he
had an illusion of freedom. He thought he was born free. He believed that as
long as he obeyed his elders he had his freedom. It was limited only to run in
fields, swim in the local stream and ride on the slow-moving bulls. As a student
he cared for transitory freedom, freedom to stay out at night, read books and go
anywhere as he pleased. When he became a young man he yearned for basic
and honourable freedoms of achieving his potential, earning his keep, marrying,
having a family and living a lawful life. As he grew older he realised that it was
not just his freedom that was being curtailed but the freedom of all blacks. The
hunger for his own freedom became the hunger for the freedom of all his
people. He realised that true freedom is not individual freedom but freedom for
all. To attain this aim, he joined the African National Congress.
16. In his endeavour to get freedom for his countrymen from the rule of Apartheid,
Nelson Mandela had to undergo many hardships and suffering. This great
patriot had to sacrifice the comfort of his home and loving family. He was
declared an outlaw for demanding equality for all his fellow black Africans. He
was punished and isolated. He spent ages in prison on an island in a 1-meter by
1-meter cell. He and his comrades were oppressed and tortured beyond
tolerance. His comrades were ready to risk and sacrifice their lives for an idea—
the idea of freedom and equality. Even in the darkest moments in prisons their
hopes and faith were not broken. They never allowed the flame of struggle to be
extinguished. He suffered hunger, oppression and injustice but kept the flame of
independence burning in his heart. His undaunted courage, struggle and
unparalleled sacrifice bore fruit and the blacks of South Africa waged war
against the apartheid regime to gain freedom. The South Africans got freedom
on 10th May 1994.
17. On the inauguration day, Nelson Mandela was overwhelmed with a sense of
history. A few years after the Anglo-Boer war, apartheid was introduced in South
Africa. The society based on racial-discrimination was the harshest and most
inhumane society in the world. The sacrifice of thousands of brave comrades

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 had brought about their freedom from the shackles of apartheid. A new system
based on the equality of all men regardless of their colour and race replaced the
old and cruel system.
During elections, African National Congress came into the majority. Nelson
Mandela was the first Black President of South Africa. The earlier scene of
brutality was looming before his eyes. He could not bear such heinous
brutalities. So he worked to overturn that system forever. The system was
replaced by granting rights and freedom to all South Africans without any
discrimination of colour.
18. In the lesson, Mandela described two obligations that everyone had to perform.
One obligation is to his family, children, and wife and second obligation for his
people, country and community. One has to fulfil these obligations according to
their own inclinations and abilities. But due to the apartheid policy in South
Africa, Mandela was not able to fulfil his obligations. So, it was impossible for
blacks to fulfil those obligations. When Mandela tried to fulfil them for his
family, he was cut off from his family. He was forced to live the life of separation
or isolation. When he tried to serve his country, he was put into prison. Thus,
Mandela was not able to fulfil the obligations.
19. Mandela meant different things when he referred to his boyhood freedom and
the freedom he enjoyed as a young man. Nelson Mandela felt that his boyhood
freedom was an illusion. His freedom had already been taken from him. As a
boy, he was free to run in the fields and swim in the streams. He was not
troubled as long as he obeyed the laws and his parents. A man has to work for
his family, parents, wife, and children. As a youth, Nelson Mandela realized that
his freedom had been seized from him. With the advancement in age and
experience, he felt that not only his freedom but also the freedom of everyone
was curtailed. He felt the hunger of freedom for all. Nelson Mandela is grateful
in acknowledging the unimaginable sacrifices of thousands of black heroes for
the freedom of their people. Modestly, he realises that freedom is indivisible. He
realised that he could not lead a free and honourable life if his people were in
chains.
20. The extraordinary disaster was the rule of Apartheid in South Africa. This
disaster of racial discrimination brought oppression, deprivation, cruelty and
suffering for the black people of South Africa. Blacks were not allowed to visit
the places reserved for the whites. They led a life of humiliation. He

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 remembered the history - the birth of apartheid, its effect on his people and the
long fight for freedom. He remembered the freedom fighters that suffered and
sacrificed for freedom. He also remembered what freedom meant to him at
different stages of life and his hunger for freedom.
At last on 10th May 1994, after more than three centuries of white rule, Nelson
Mandela’s African National Congress party won the elections. Nelson Mandela
became the first black President of South Africa. This coming into power of the
non-racial government was a glorious human achievement.
21. The desire for the freedom totally animated Nelson Mandela's life. He was
transformed from a frightened young man to a bold one. The desire turned a
law-abiding attorney to a criminal. A family-loving husband was turned into a
man without a home, changed a life-loving man into a monk. Mandela was no
more virtuous or self-sacrificing, but he could not even enjoy poor and limited
freedom when he came to know that his people were not free. He felt that the
slavery of his people was slavery of his own. He learned the meaning of courage
from the comrades, who were the purest diamonds of their country. He had to
place his people above his family in attempting to serve his people and his
country.

22. It was the bright and clear day of 10th May 1994. The inauguration ceremony
took place in the Union Buildings’ sandstone amphitheatre in Pretoria. The
inauguration was the largest gathering ever of international leaders on South
African soil. The generals and police officers were also present. They had medals
and ribbons on their chests. South African jets, helicopters, and troop carriers
roared in perfect formation over the Union Buildings. First of all Mr. de Klerk
the second deputy president, then Thabo Mbeki the first deputy president, and
then Nelson Mandela as the first Black president, took the oath. The day was
symbolised by the playing of two national anthems. The inauguration can be
called as a historic occasion for South Africa as on this day the first democratic
government (non-racial government) was installed. It was an end of more than
three centuries of the white's ruling and then the blacks were given their
freedom. Nelson Mandela became the first Black President of South Africa.
23. According to Mandela, he learnt the meaning of courage from his comrades in
the struggle. They struggled very hard for the freedom of the country. They did
not care for their lives. They sacrificed everything for their country. These men
stood up to attack and torture without breaking, showing strength and resilience

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 that defies the imagination. Mandela learnt that courage was the absence of
fear. So Mandela learned courage from them. The brave man is one who
conquers fear. No man is born hating another man due to colour or religion.
Love comes more naturally to the human heart than hate. According to Mandela,
'Man's goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished'. No one
can become happy after taking away others' freedom.
24. Nelson Mandela was a true hero of South Africa's freedom movement. His
conscience encouraged him to demand a respectful and unique life for his
country. According to Mandela, every man has two obligations- obligations to his
family, parents and he also has an obligation to his people, community and
country. He was always determined to fulfil them. He had placed his people
above his family in an attempt to serve his people. Although he was prevented to
do but he did not stop and never discouraged. He became criminal, homeless
and lived like a monk. In spite of all the difficulties, he did not change his
decision. He thought deeply for his community and joined the African National
Congress. He had to spend thirty years in prison. He had a soul power to
challenge the racial system of the white. He did not care about the apartheid
policy and announced that this policy had created a lasting wound in the
country. He fought against it. At last, he got success. He became the first black
President of South Africa.
25. Nelson Mandela described the scene of inauguration jubilantly. It took place on

the bright and clear day, the 10th of May in the lovely Sandstone Amphitheatre in
Pretoria. It was the site of a rainbow gathering of different colours and nations.
This was for the installation of South African's first democratic, non-racial
government. The inauguration was the largest gathering ever of international
leaders on South African soil. Many world leaders and great personalities were
present there. He was accompanied by his daughter, Zenani. At first, Mr De
Klerk was sworn in as second deputy president on the podium, then the Thabo
Mbeki as first deputy president and after that Mandela was sworn in. This
ceremony was held to declare Nelson Mandela as the first black president of
South Africa. Finally, the jets left off smoke of different colours of the new South
African flag. The day was symbolised by the playing of two national anthems.
Nelson Mandela was overwhelmed.
26. On the day of the inauguration, the speaker’s mind went back to history. He
remembered that in the first decade, after the bitter Anglo-Boer war and before

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 Mandela's birth, the whites skinned people of South Africa erected a system of
racial domination against the dark-skinned people of their own land. They ruled
over South Africa and they made discrimination against the blacks. They built a
system of racial discrimination against blacks. The structure they created
formed the basis of one of the hardest, most inhumane, societies in the world.
But in the last decade, this cruel system was overturned and a new system
replaced it. It was the first democratic government of South Africa. There would
be no discrimination on the basis of colour. That is why, on the day of the
inauguration, he was overwhelmed with a sense of history.
27. Mandela went through many difficulties in his life. He had to leave his family as
he had to fulfil his duty towards his people. When he was a child, freedom for
him was swimming in the river, roaming about the places of his choice, roasting
mealies under the moon etc. But when he grew up and had to earn to nurture
his family, he understood the difference beween the freedom of a young boy and
an adult. He intended to have freedom, dignity and self respect for all his people
and hence, joined African Natioanal Congress (ANC) and was imprisioned. He
had to live in prison for many years where he had been treated badly by whites.
28. When Hari Singh reached the station after stealing money, he missed the train.
He had no idea where to spend the night. He had no friends. The only person he
knew at that place was Anil, whom he had robbed. He thought that Anil would
show sadness and it would not be for the loss of money, but for the loss of trust.
He knew Anil would feel bad. He roamed around aimlessly and remembered the
good times he had spent with Anil. Anil taught him to read and write. Hari Singh
remembered how happy he was when he learnt to write his own name for the
first time. His conscience made him realise that education would add to his
abilities and it could give him more than a few hundred rupees. He could lead a
respectable life after getting an education. So he decided to go back to Anil out of
his respect for him and his own desire to get an education and follow the path of
honesty.
These qualities showed that Hari Singh was not really a bad man but the
circumstances forced him to steal. His interaction with Anil had brought a
positive change in his character.
29. For some people, deception is a way to lead life easily. Such people deceive
others by changing their own names, identities and making excuses to devise a
new way of making money. Anil was the most trustworthy person Hari Singh

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 had ever met. But Hari Singh was a thief and couldn't be expected to be honest
with Anil. He came to Anil with a false identity. He took undue advantage of his
trust. Anil had blind faith in human nature. He employed him just out of
sympathy and compassion for him. He trusted him and ignored his misdeed. He
handed over all the financial transactions without any verification. In a way, he
gave him a chance to improve. He knew everything when Hari Singh stole
money and came back but he didn't say anything. It made Hari Singh realise his
mistake and leave the style of deception as a way of life.
30. Hari Singh was 15 years old. He was an experienced and successful thief. His
cleverness and intelligence were the reasons for his success. He planned
everything meticulously before choosing his victims. He went to places where he
would meet an unsuspecting victim. He would then vein his confidence to get a
job and then run away after stealing money from there. Then, he used to change
his name to befool the police and his former employers. He got a job as a cook,
though he could not cook well. He was a greedy boy. He was a liar. He was cruel
enough to rob a simple and trusting man like Anil. He was able to steal six
hundred rupees from his house. But, at the end of the story, a transformation
took place in his heart and he decided to go back to Anil and keep his trust alive.
In my opinion, this shows that there is goodness concealed in even the worst of
men. He overcame his evil thoughts with the help of his conscience.
31. Hari Singh stole six hundred rupees while Anil was sleeping. He went to the
railway station after stealing the money but did not board the train. His
conscience pricked him for robbing a man like Anil, who had trusted him and
helped him. He knew that Anil would feel bad when he would come to know
about his stolen money. He realised that the money wouldn't matter much, but
the loss of trust and faith which he had reposed in him would matter as he had
betrayed it. He felt lonely and sad at the thought of leaving Anil. He roamed
around aimlessly and remembered the good times he had spent with Anil. He
remembered how Anil taught him to read and write. He realised that stealing
was completely different from getting an education. He realised that being an
educated man would add to his abilities. So, he immediately decided to go back
to Anil because of his respect for Anil and his own desire to get an education and
follow the path of honesty.
32. Anil was a kind, simple and easy going young man. He was tall and lean in
stature and interested in sports like wrestling. He was a writer who wrote for

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 magazines and made money in fits and starts. The narrator met Anil when he
was watching a wrestling match. During this match, the narrator started talking
to him to make him his friend. Anil was not very rich and could not afford to
employee Hari as a cook, yet he became ready to have him in his room on his
request. He had the patience and goodness to not only teach Hari to cook but
also to read, write and add numbers. Many times he himself made tea and
cooked food and served it to Hari Singh. Though he knew that Hari was stealing
little bits of money from him, he ignored this fact. He was a very trustworthy
person. Even when he earned a large amount of money, he kept the money
under his mattress and not under lock and key. He was generous and paid Hari
whenever he got some money. Hari had tried to steal the money from him. He
was forgiving and he forgave Hari for the theft and continued to be good to him.
33. Anil was a twenty-five years old man. He was a writer by profession who wrote
for a magazine to earn his livelihood. He earned money by fits and starts. He
was a kind-hearted fellow. He loved honesty. He led a very simple life. He spent
economically. When he got money, he spent it on his friends. This was the
example of his simplicity. When the narrator met Anil and requested him for
work. Anil told him that he could not afford his salary. But on the narrator's
request, Anil decided to offer him shelter. Anil told him that he would have to
cook. But the narrator didn't know how to cook. So, Anil taught him the art of
cooking. He treated him kindly. He never insulted him. He also taught him how
to read and write so that he could lead a respectable life.
34. Anil was a twenty-five years old man. He was a tall and lean fellow. He looked
easy-going, kind and simple. He was a writer by profession, who wrote for a
magazine. He was a practical man who transformed the character of a thief. He
was the most trustworthy man that Hari Singh, a thief had ever met. Hari Singh's
habit compelled him to steal the bundle of money from Anil. But Anil’s love,
trust and confidence forced him to come back and put the bundle from where he
had taken it. Anil’s faith in Hari Singh forced him not to rob him. Anil taught him
to write his name and also said that he would teach him to write whole
sentences and to add numbers. It gave new hope to Hari Singh. He thought that
if he could write like an educated man, there would be no limit to what he could
achieve. A desire to get educated and follow the path of honesty cultivated in
Hari Singh. His interaction with Anil brought a positive change in his character.
Thus, Anil's kind behaviour and true faith transformed Hari Singh’s character.

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35. Anil is a twenty-five years old man. He is a writer by profession, who writes for a
magazine to earn his livelihood. He is an easy-going, simple, honest and kind
person. He is so humble in nature that he gives Hari Singh a shelter in his home.
Although he does not have any clear information about Hari Singh, he trusts
him. He does not say anything when he comes to know that Hari Singh has
started saving money from daily supplies. He prepares tea himself and serves to
Hari Singh. All this shows that he is the most trustworthy and helpful person
that Hari SIngh has ever met in his life. Whenever Anil gets some money, he
spends it on his friends. This shows that he is not at all greedy. He even teaches
Hari Singh to write sentences and to add numbers. He knows that if Hari Singh
gets an education, he will be able to lead a respectable life. This shows his
helping attitude towards other people. Thus, we find many good qualities in
Anil’s character.
36. The thief wanted to rob Anil after gaining his trust. So he made friends with him
to have an acquaintance with him before making him his next victim. Moreover,
he needed a place to live in. He started to work for Anil who was a credulous
person. Anil started teaching him how to read and write. One day, Anil brought a
bundle of notes. Though the thief was out of practice and had not robbed anyone
for so many days, he stole the money. He planned to go to Lucknow after stealing
the money. However, his inner conscience pricked him on the station and did
not allow him to go. He realised that he wanted to be an educated man. So his
heart changed. That's why he returned back and placed the money back to its
place.
37. No matter how ordinary or unimportant an incident may be, it's the reaction or
the response that matters. Inherent values can be picked up by adopting a
positive attitude towards nature. Because nature is a great teacher, each little
thing in nature can teach us some important lessons at times and even a small
flake of snow has its own significance. Students like us can pick these qualities
from nature that could be useful for us. For example, we should not judge
anything by its appearance; as even crow and hemlock tree is known as bad
omen can bring cheerfulness in one's mood. Even small dust of snow could
prove to be useful in cheering our moods. So nothing is useless in nature. Nature
is very beautiful. One should live his present cheerfully. Sometimes, one may be
in a sad mood; but spending time with nature and enjoying the fresh air can
uplift his mood by making him realise that the present is all that matters.

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38. In the poem, 'Fire and Ice', the poet, presents the two of the darkest traits of
humanity, hatred and lust or desire. Of the two, he attributes, the greater of the
two evils is desire. In giving desire the foremost position with regard to the
destruction of the world, he provides a powerful statement on the subject of
greed and jealousy. He says that lust is above all the traits of humanity and is
most likely to lead to its demise. Desire represents the greatest problem that
attributes to the cause of war. He then attributes hatred with the same capacity
to do harm. However, he lessens the relative importance of hatred but still
presents it as having the ability to lead to the destruction of the world if it were
to happen for a second time, as there is enough hatred in the world.
39. In this poem, Frost presents two darkest traits of humanity: 'growing desires'
which are symbolised by 'fire' and a strong feeling of 'hatred and dislike' which
is symbolized by 'ice'. Here the poet reveals the bitter truth of humanity which is
the capacity to hate and the capacity to be consumed by lust or desire. Out of
these two, he attributes the greater destructive and evil traits to desire. In giving
desire the foremost position in regards to the destruction of the world, Frost
provides a powerful statement on the subject of greed and jealousy, stating that
these traits of humanity are most likely to lead to its demise. Desire represents
the greatest problem that attributes to the cause of the war. Frost then attributes
hatred with the same capacity to do harm. However, he lessens the relative
importance of hatred but still presents it as possessing the ability to lead to the
destruction of the world if it were to happen for a second time.
40. According to the scientists, the reason for the destruction of the world will be
either fiery core or the ice age. Some scientists believe that the world will be
incinerated by its fiery core which means that there will be a time when the core
of the earth will heat up to an extent that will burn everything on this globe and
complete devastation will be witnessed. It may also be possible that an asteroid
hits the core of the earth leading to its destruction. Whereas, others are
convinced with a theory totally opposite to the previous one. The supporters of
this theory say that a coming of the ice age would destroy all living things on the
Earth’s surface. It will happen when the temperature of the globe will go to the
extreme lowest and everything will freeze leaving no sign of life on it.
41. Extreme behaviour always leads to destruction. In this poem, ‘fire’ symbolises
'desire' and ‘ice’ symbolises 'hatred'. Desire is a kind of intense love that insists
people to possess and acquire something that they want. This kind of desire can

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lead people to destruction in the form of bankruptcy or even broken
relationships. Increasing desire triggers the wrong approach to achieve things.
Frost’s poem speaks on the issue of greed corrupting people and hence, society.
The power of hate, which is symbolised by 'ice', is just as great as a desire. It is
strong enough to destruct the world twice. It is a weapon that causes greater
devastation to the world and mankind than the destruction done by never-
ending cravings of people. Moreover, it consumes the hater more than the
person hated. It, thus, ruins lives.

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