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Introduction
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China.
India’s economy is the tenth-largest ( Nominal GDP) in the world
and third-largest by purchasing power.
India was the 19th-largest in merchandise and 6th largest
services exporter in the world in 2013.
GDP (sector wise)
1. Service sector - 64.8%
2. Industry - 21.5
3. Agriculture - 13.7
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fig.: 1 GDP growth sector wise
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Source :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India
Meaning
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Human settlement with a minimum population of
5000 persons, with 75% of the male working
population engaged in non-agricultural activities
and population density of 400 persons per sq. km.
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Urbanization
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due to adoption of mixed economy by the country which gave
rise to the development of private sector.
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Sl No Type Population
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Expansion in government services.
Migration of people.
Economic opportunities.
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Facts about Urbanization in India
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will be created by 2030.
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Urbanization is expanding at a faster rate
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E.g. 1971 to 2008 population increased to 230 million.
Source :Indian Urbanization Economic model: Mckinsey Global institute analysis (2008)
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• Cities need 53.1($1.2 trillion) trillion rupees for creating
infrastructural facilities by 2030.
• India has to spent $134 per capita per year which is almost
eight times spending today in per capita.
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fig.:7(A)Performance of services in Urban 17
areas
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fig. 7(B)Performance of services in Urban
areas
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fig. : 8 Element of urban operating model 19
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• State government funds.
• Tax collection
• Other charges
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.
• The city plan need to be well defined and provide all the
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information about the city.
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Sector policies
• Policies for affordable housing and land allocation.
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• Polices related to transport sector.
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.
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• Eight cities with more then four million people will developing
as a satellite smart city with Rs.1000 crore for each city.
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Smart cities
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• The program is planned to launch on December 25, on the
birthday of formal PM Atal Bihari Bajpayee
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Five elements of smart cities
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• In terms of infrastructure, the smart cities should have 24x7
availability of high quality utility services like water and power.
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• The smart cities need to have proper facilities for
entertainment and the safety and security of the people.
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Urbanization effect on farm sector
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• More than 50 per cent of medium and large farmers had allotted
land for construction of shops and other commercial uses on the
main road.
• Small farmers sold out the land to meet their household and
social needs.
• large farmers did sold the land because they could not manage
the land due to labour shortage. 29
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• Unavailability of labour for farm sector.
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emissions.
• Water pollution:-Domestic sewage and Industrial effluent.
• Noise pollution :- Industrial, Aircraft, Transportation and diesel
generator sets.
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Effect of urbanization on environment
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usage Rules,1999 and also by Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000.
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Effect of urbanization
some issues
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• Unemployment
• Housing
• Slums
• Transport
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develop the infrastructure facility in urban areas and need
improvement in funding, governance, planning, and policy
framing areas. Urbanization need for an economic growth of the
country, but adversely affect on agricultural production and the
environment.
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Reference
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1. Case study:-India’s urban awakening, Building inclusive cities,
sustaining economic growth By Mckinsey Global Institute (2009)
3. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/pm-narendra-modi-100-
smart-cities-key-elements/1/382021.html
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4.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization in India