Experiment 5

Chemical Kinetics : Rate Reaction

I. Experiment’s Date : April, 11th 2017
II. Objective
Study the effect of surface area of solid reactants, concentration, temperature and
catalyst toward the rate reaction.
III. Basic Theory

Chemical kinetics is the area of chemistry concerned with the speeds, or

rates, at which a chemical reaction occurs. The word “kinetic” suggests
movement or change, kinetic energy as the energy available because of the
motion of an object. Here kinetics refers to the rate of a reaction, or the reaction
rate, which is the change in the concentration of a reactant or a product with
time (M/s).There are many reasons for studying the rate of a reaction. To begin
with, there is intrinsic curiosity about why reactions have such vastly different
rates. Some processes, such as the initial steps in vision and photosynthesis and
nuclear chain reactions, take place on a time scale as short as 10212 s to 1026 s.
Others, like the curing of cement and the conversion of graphite to diamond, take
years or millions of years to complete. On a practical level, a knowledge of
reaction rates is useful in drug design, in pollution control, and in food
processing. Industrial chemists often place more emphasis on speeding up the rate
of a reaction rather than on maximizing its yield. We know that any reaction can
be represented by the general equation.

Reactants products

This equation tells us that during the course of a reaction, reactants are consumed
while products are formed. As a result, we can follow the progress of a reaction
by monitoring either the decrease in concentration of the reactants or the increase
inconcentration of the products.
A B
The decrease in the number of A molecules and the increase in the number of
B molecules with time. In general, it is more convenient to express the reaction
rate in terms of the change in concentration with time. Thus, for the reaction
A B we can express the rate as

𝚫[𝐀] 𝚫[𝐁]
𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 = − or 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 = −
𝚫𝐭 𝚫𝐭

where Δ[A] and Δ[B] are the changes in concentration (molarity) over a time
period Δt. Because the concentration of A decreases during the time interval,
Δ[A] is a negative quantity. The rate of a reaction is a positive quantity, so a
minus sign is Δ[B] is a positive quantity (the concentration of B increases with
 time). These rates are average rates because they are averaged over a certain time
period Δt. Our next step is to see how the rate of a reaction is obtained
experimentally. By definition, we know that to determine the rate of a reaction we
have to monitor the concentration of the reactant (or product) as a function of
time. For reactions in solution, the concentration of a species can often be
measured by spectroscopic means. If ions are involved, the change in
concentration can also be detected by an electrical conductance measurement.
Reactions involving gases are most conveniently followed by pressure
measurements. We will consider two specific reactions of product formation does
not require a minus sign because Δ[B] is a positive quantity (the concentration of
B increases with time). These rates are average rates because they are averaged
over a certain time period Δt. Our next step is to see how the rate of a reaction is
obtained experimentally. By definition, we know that to determine the rate of a
reaction we have to monitor theconcentration of the reactant (or product) as a
function of time. For reactions in solution, the concentration of a species can
often be measured by spectroscopic means. If ions are involved, the change in
concentration can also be detected by an electrical conductance measurement.
Reactions involving gases are most conveniently followed by pressure
measurements. We will consider two specific reactions for which different
methods are used to measure the reaction rates.

COLLISION THEORY
Why does the rate of chemical reactions vary so widely? Collision theorystates
that in order for a reaction to occur, reactant molecules must collide in the proper
orientation and with suffi cient energy. Because only a fraction of the collisions
meet these requirements, only a few result in a reaction and yield products.
Consider, for example, the reaction between O3 and NO that occurs in smog:

O3(g) + NO(g) O2(g) + NO2(g)

In order for this reaction to occur, an O3 molecule and an NO molecule must first
collide. Of the many such collisions that actually happen, only some of them have
the orientation required for the reaction to occur. Convince yourself this is
plausible.Draw the structures of the reactants and products. Which bonds must
break and which bonds should form during this reaction? How should the reactant
molecules be oriented in order for products to form? Examine this collision: NO
This shows the oxygen atom from NO (left) heading straight toward an
oxygen atom from O3 (right); but the equation tells us that a new nitrogen-
oxygen bond must be formed. This collision will fail because the atoms aren’t
lined up correctly. An effective collision must bring together a nitrogen atom
and a terminal oxygen atom so that an oxygen atom can be transferred to the
nitrogen atom, leaving an O2 molecule behind. Does the following collision
have a proper orientation?

Yes, it does. The nitrogen atom on NO will collide with a terminal oxygen
atom on O3. It is lined up just right so that an oxygen atom from the O3
molecule can be transferred to the nitrogen atom in the NO molecule.
If an NO molecule and an O3 molecule collide with the proper orientation,
will a reaction automatically occur? No, not unless they collide with suffi cient
energy. In a given sample, some reactant molecules have more kinetic energy
than others. Usually some fraction of the molecules has enough energy to have
effective collisions. Reactant molecules that collide with the proper orientation
and suffi cient energy can form a product. Let’s take a closer look at the
energy required for a reaction. In a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactants
must be broken so that new bonds in the products can form. Different reactions
occur at different rates because the amount of energy required to break bonds
in the reactant molecules is different. Energy is needed to break bonds in
reactants before the reactants can be converted into products. The minimum
amount of energy needed to overcome this energy barrier is called the
activation energy, Ea. If we compare two similar reactions at the same
temperature,the reaction with the lower activation energy is the faster reaction.

CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT REACTION RATES

The conditions that most often affect reaction rates are changes in
concentration, surface area, and temperature. The presence or addition of
catalysts is also a significant factor. We will next explore how collision theory
explains all these effects.
The ratio of effective The ratio of effective collisions is 1:3.
collisions is 2:6, or 1:3.

Concentration and Surface Area

A reaction may go faster when the concentration of one or more of the
reactants increases. Such an increase in concentration increases the number of
reactants per unit volume. Because molecules are closer together, the number
of collisions per unit time increases. As total collisions increase, the number of
molecules that have the orientation and energy required for the reaction also
increases. However,the fraction of effective collisions remains the same,
because the temperature and kinetic energy are constant.The effect of
increasing the surface area of a solid in a reaction is similar to increasing the
concentration. For example, a ground-up piece of iron has more iron atoms
exposed to the air than an iron nail, so it will rust more quickly. Increasing the
surface area increases the number of atoms that are exposed so that they can
collide with other reactants.
Temperature
Why does a reaction proceed more rapidly at higher temperatures? the average
kinetic energy of a substance increases when the temperature rises. An
increase in kinetic energy causes the reaction rate to increase in two ways: It
increases the collision rate, and it increases the fraction of collisions that are
effective. The collision rate increases because the molecules move faster at
higher temperatures, so they collide more frequently. The fraction of effective
collisions also increases, because the average kinetic energy of the molecules
increases. Consequently more of the reactant molecules attain the required
activation energy. Temperature effects on reaction rates are significant. For a
typical reaction, the rate approximately doubles for every 10°C increase in
temperature.
Catalysts
A catalyst alters the pathway in which a reaction occurs without itself being
consumed in the reaction. The new reaction pathway is a lower-energy
pathway with lower activation energy. In this way, a catalyst increases the rate
of a reaction. For example, consider the energy diagram for the conversion of
O3 to. In the presence of the atomic Cl catalyst, the activation energy is lower.
With lower activation energy, a greater fraction of reactants can achieve the
new minimum energy requirement, and the reaction rate increases. How does a
catalyst lower the activation energy? Let’s consider some examples. Most cars
with internal combustion engines are equipped with catalytic converter to help
reduce the amounts of CO, NO, and NO2 pollutants released into the air.
6slow. Catalysts within the catalytic converter speed up.

Types of catalyst

Heterogeneous catalyst

Is in a different physical state from the reactants. By far the most common
heterogeneous catalysts are finely divided solids. Sometimes the reactants are
liquids,e.g. in the preparation of oxygen from aqueous hydrogen peroxide:

2H2O2(aq) catalyst 2H2O + O2

Manganese dioxide(s)

In most cases. Though the reactants are gases. Many important industrial
processes use finely divided solids to catalyse gaseous reactions. For example,
the ostwald process for manufacture of nitric acid uses a platinum/rhodium
mixture as catalyst :

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 900ºC,Pt/Rh(s) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Homogeneous catalysts

Is in the same physical state as the reactants. Many of these reactions occur in
solution. For example, the atmospheric oxidation of iron (II) ions in aqueous is
catalysed by copper (II) ions:

2Fe2+ (aq) + ½ O2 +2H+(aq) catalyst: Cu2+(aq)

2Fe3+(aq) + H2O(l)

The main function of a homogeneous catalyst is to provide an alternative

reaction route which has an activation energy lower than that of the
uncatalysed reaction.
 Autocatalysis

Autocatalysis occurs when a reaction product catalyses the reaction. A well-

known example is the reaction between manganate (VII) ions and ethanedioate
ions in acid solution :

2MnO4-(aq) + 5C2O42-(aq) + 16H+(aq) 2Mn2+(aq) + 10CO2(g) + 8H2O(l)

IV. Apparatus and Reagent

Apparatus : Reagent :
Analytical balance Iron (II) cholride
Mortar and pestle Sodium pottasium tartrate
Test tubes Oxalic acid
Test tube clamp Sulfuric acid
Graduated cylinders Sodium thiosulfate
Beaker glass Potassium permanganat
Stopwatch Manganese (II) sulfate
Hydrogen peroxide
Copper (II) Chloride

V. Procedure
a. The surface area of reactants

Putting 2 mL Adding 0,1 Record the time

since addition
HCl 3M into grams pieces of ‘till it react the
beaker glass marbles marbles

Adding 0,1 Record the time

Putting 2 mL
grams finely since addition
HCl 3M into
grounded ‘till it react the
beaker glass
marbles marbles

b. Concentration of rectants

Making cross sign Putting 5mL HCl

Place it on top of
(X) in white paper 3M into beaker
cross sign
with black ink glass

Repeating using Recording the time

5mL HCl &
20,15,10,5mL
since the addition Adding 25mL
0.15M Na2S2O3 and until cross sign Na2S2O3
add 25mL water can’t be seen
c. The temperature of reaction
Diluting 2mL oxalic Diluting 2mL Putting 2drops
pottasium
acids 0,05M with solution A + 2drops
permanganate 0,01M
water until 20mL with water until sulfuric acids 0,5M
(solution A) 20mL (solution B) into small tube

Record the time Heating small

Adding 1 drop of since addition of
solution ‘till the tube containing
solution B
color dssappeared 2drops solution A

Adding 2drops
0.5M sulfuric acid Adding 1drops of
solution in the solution B ‘till the
boiling water for 10 color disappear
seconds
d. Catalyst
Putting 5 mL of 3%
H2O2solution into beaker glass

Putting 5 mL of 3%
H2O2solution into beaker glass

Adding 1mL 0.5M CuCl2

solution & record the time since
addition ‘till reaction complete

Repeating step2 by using 0.5M

CuCl2 ,1mL 0.5M FeCl2 MnO2
powder

e. Autocatalyst

Dilute 2mL
Dilute 2mL oxalic potassium Putting 4drops
acids with water ‘till permanganate with solutionA + 2drops
20mL (solutionA) water ‘till 20mL 0.5M sulfuric acid
(solutionB)

(the other tube) Adding 1 drops of

Putting 4drops Repeating this step
solution B & record
solutionA+2drops 0.5M ‘till addition of
the time since the
sulfuric acid+1drops 12drops of solution addition ‘till
0.18M MnSO4 solution B
+ 1drops solutionB disappear
VI. Observation Sheet

A. The surface area of reactants

The occured reaction : 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3 CaCl2(s) + CO2(g) + H2O

Marbles Raction time (seconds)
Pieces 350
Powder 43.2

B. Concentration of reactants
The occurred reaction :
10Na2S2O3(aq) + 20HCl(aq) 10SO2(g) + 10S(s) + 10H2O(l) +20 NaCl(aq)

1. [HCl] varied + [Na2S2O3]constant

0.15 M Volume (mL) Consentration t(s) 1/t (s-1)

Na2S2 O3 of HCl (M)
(mL) 3M HCl Water
25 5 0 3 13.00 0.0769
25 3 2 1.8 15.40 0.0649
25 1 4 0.6 21.16 0.0472

2. [HCl] constant + [Na2S2O3]varied

3M HCl Volume (mL) Consentration t(s) 1/t (s-1)

(mL) 0.15M Water of Na2S2O3
Na2S2O3 (M)
5 25 0 0.15 12.87 0.077
5 20 5 0.12 14.05 0.071
5 15 10 0.09 19.45 0.051
5 10 15 0.06 32.89 0.030
5 5 20 0.03 67.00 0.014

C. The Temperature of reaction

The occurred reaction :

5H2C2O4(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq) + 2KmnO4(aq) 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 10

CO2(aq) + 8H2O(l)

Solution A + H2SO4 + Solution B Time until the solution clear (s)

Without heating 53,8
After heating 2.30
 D. Catalyst

H2O2 solution Observation

Without addition of any substances
After addition of FeCl3
After addition of MnO2
the reaction is slow and no change ,
no bubbles
More faster ( 1 minute = produce
many bubbles
More faster ( ½ minute = produce
many bubbles) , gray colors

E. Autocatalyst

The occurred reaction :

5H2C2O4(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq) + 2KMnO4(aq) 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) +

10 CO2(aq) + 8H2O(l)

Test tube H2C2O4 0.5M 0.18 M KmnO4 t(s)

(drop) H2SO4 MnSO4 (drop)
(drop)
1 4 2 0 1 60.01
1 4 2 0 2 33.00
1 4 2 0 3 23.01
1 4 2 0 4 19.55
1 4 2 0 5 12.13
1 4 2 0 6 11.77
1 4 2 0 7 10.64
1 4 2 0 8 9.02
1 4 2 0 9 8.13
1 4 2 0 10 7.03
1 4 2 0 11 6.54
1 4 2 0 12 4.77
2 4 2 1 1 19.03

VII. Data analysis

Calculation
 Concentration of reactants
[HCl]varied + [Na2S2O3]constant

Concentration of HCl (M)

1. M1 .V1 = M2 .V2
3 .5 = M2 . 5
3 = M2
 2. M1 .V1 = M2 .V2
3 .3 = M2 . 5
1.8 = M2
3. M1 .V1 = M2 .V2
3 .1 = M2 . 5
0.6 = M2

[HCl]varied + [Na2S2O3]constant

Concentration of Na2S2O3 (M)

1. M1 .V1 = M2 .V2
0.15 . 25 = M2 . 25
0.15 = M2
2. M1 .V1 = M2 .V2
0.15 . 20 = M2 . 25
0.12 = M2
3. M1 .V1 = M2 .V2
0.15 . 15 = M2 . 25
0.12 = M2
4. M1 .V1 = M2 .V2
0.15 . 10 = M2 . 25
0.06 = M2
5. M1 .V1 = M2 .V2
0.15 . 5 = M2 . 25
0.03 = M2

VIII. Discussion
A. The surface of reactants
The occured reaction :
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3 CaCl2(s) + CO2(g) + H2O
the reaction of powder is more faster than pieces
In this reaction is to prove that the surface area of reactants can influence the
rate reaction. In our experiment, we use pieces of marbles compare with
powder marbles in HCl solution. From the experiment we know that’s the
powder marbles need a short times than pieces of marbles to reacts with HCl.
Because there will occurs collison, the collison which occurs is effective
collisonand the pieces of marbles meed 350 seconds to melt in HCl solution
but the powder marbles just need 43,2 seconds to react with HCl solution. So
the increasing of surface of reactants can influences the rate of reaction.
B. Concentration of reactants
The occured reaction :
10Na2S2O3(aq) + 20HCl(aq) 10SO2(g) + 10S(s) + 10H2O(l) + 20 NaCl(aq)

In this experiment we proved that’s the concentration of reactants can

infulenced the rate of reaction. We use HCl solution and Na2S2O3 solution. In
the reaction between chloride acid and natrium tiosulfat produce sulfur
precipitation that’s have yellow color in the beaker glass. The rate reactions of
precipitation formed can be determine with the rate of times the formed of
precipitation. More big the concentration value caused the rate reaction of
reactant will be increase. We can see in the result of our experiment. The
consentration of 0.15M Na2S2O3 have the rate of times about 12.87 minutes
(1/t(s-1) = 0.077) and 0.12M Na2S2O3 have the rate of times about
14.05seconds (1/t(s-1) = 0.071) , 0.09M Na2S2O3 have the rate of times about
19.45 seconds(1/t(s-1) = 0.051), 0.06M Na2S2O3 have the rate of times about
32.89 seconds (1/t(s-1) = 0.030) and the last is 0.03M Na2S2O3 have the rate of
times about 67.00 seconds (1/t(s-1) = 0.014). from the first experiment , we can
get compare it together. The first experiment (0.15M= 12.87seconds) and the
last experiment(0.03M= 67.00seconds). its prove that’s More big the
concentration of reactants will make the rate of reactants increase. More big
the concentration will needed a long time too, to react with chemscup.

C. The Temperature of reaction

The occurred reaction :
5H2C2O4(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq) + 2KmnO4(aq) 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 10
CO2(aq) + 8H2O(l)

The rate of reactions can be determine by the temperatures of reactants

when reactions occurs. In theory said that more high the temperature of
reactants makes the rate reaction’s value will be high too and we proved it in
practicum and get the right data. So, oxalic acid get mixed with sulfuric acid
and kalium permanganate solution produce purple color because cintain with
permanganate but long of duration about 53.8 seconds the purple color is gone
and changed to be transparents color. But in the other side, compound
solution(oxalic acid with sulfuric acid and kalium permangate) which is pass
heating process with steam bath(penangas air) methods when kalium
permanganate adding to the solution in the steam bath only needs 2.30 seconds
to change the color from purple colors to be transparent just like experiment
previously. The different between them is about the time until the solution
clear. It’s proved that’s experiment 2 with heating process have a faster rate
reaction than the experiment without heating process.
 D. Catalyst
The function of catalyst it self is to accelerate the reactions of reactants.
Throught addition of catalyst substances into H2O2 solution caused the
reactions is more faster,so the rate of reactions will be automatically increase
too. H2O2 solution without addition of any substances the reaction is very
slowly and didn’t changes. But with addition of FeCl2 the reaction is more
faster and produce many bubbles during 1 minutes. When addition of MnO2
substances it’s more produce bubbles in times less than 1 minutes (about ½
minutes). It showed to us that’s the addition of catalyst can makes the rate
reactions s more faster. And the reactants without addition catalyst run more
slowly and stagnant.

E. Autocatalyst

The occurred reaction :

5H2C2O4(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq) + 2KMnO4(aq) 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 10

CO2(aq) + 8H2O(l)

In the autocatalyst experiment we mixed oxalic acid with sulfuric acid and
kalium permanganate in the test tube for 12x and record the times and the last
we adding MnSO4 substances into solution and record the times. During the
addition of kalium permanganate per drops until 12x the times for changes the
color to be transparent is more decrease. When 1 drops of kalium
permanganate use 60.01 seconds, when 2 drops of kalium permanganate use
33.00 seconds and to be continue ‘till the last (12x) 12 drops use 4.77 seconds
to change the colors. On the last experiment we adding 1drops of MnSO4 and
needed 19.03 to change to be transparents color. And the result of addition of
MnSO4 is appearS MnO2 .And the autocatalyst it self has a meaning can speed
up the reaction it self. MnO2 have a play role as autocatalyst and the catalyst is
MnSO4. So, more we can add catalyst we can get highly numbers of rate
reactions. And addition of catalyst it self will be appearing autocatalyst which
is can speed up the reactions it self.
IX. Conclusion
From our experiment about chemicals kinetics: Rate Reactions we can conclude
that’s :
The rate reaction is influenced by the surface are of reactants, concentratio,
tenperature and catalyst as well as autocatalyst. The characteristic of subtances is
influenced too in rate reactions. More wide the surface the eaction will be more
speed up. More high the temperature the rate reaction will be more speed up and
more big the concentration of the solution the rate reaction will be more high and
more amount of catalyst addition and the types of catalyst the rate reactions will
be more speed up. At least, our practicum about rate reaction is appropriate
with theory of rate reaction.
X. Suggestion
- Must be more carefully ,especially when diluting solution. So we can get right
volume and concentration.
- Must be more pay attention when doing practical lab work which is concern
about color change.
- Must be more pay attention about the time when doing practical lab work.
XI. Appendix

a. The surface area of reactants

Adding 0.1 grams marble & Record the time

Adding 0.1 grams marble & Record the time

b. Concentration of reactants

Pouring Na2S2O3 0.15 M into bekaer glass and

mixed with HCl 3 M

The solution becoming turbid because Na2S2O3

0.15 get mixed HCl 3 M
c. The temperature of reaction

Making oxalic acid (solutionA) & potassium

permanganate solution (solutionB)

(Determining rate reaction with heating )

Heating test tube contain with solutionA +
solutionB + sulfuric acid solution

(Determining rate reaction without heating)

Adding test tube contain with solutionA +
solutionB + sulfuric acid solution

d. Catalyst

Adding MnO2 into H2O2 solution

Taking FeCl3 1 mL to mixed with 5 mL H2O2

 5 mL of H2O2 without addition of any substances

e. Autocatalyst

Adding solution A + solutionB + sulfuric acid to the

test tube & record the times ‘till the color dissapeared

Adding solution A + solutionB + sulfuric acid +

MnSO4 to the test tube & record the times ‘till the color
dissapeared

XII. Problems
a. The surface area of rectant
1. Which is wider surface area (with the same weight),marbles in pieces or powder?
The powder of marbles have a wider area . Because from the experiment we know
that’s the powder can reacts with HCl more faster than a pieces of marbles in the same
weight.
2. What are the effects of surface area of marbles toward the rate reaction?
In the theory wide of surface area give effects to reaction. More wider the surface will
makes the rate reaction faster. It’s proven by our experiment. The effects of surface
area of powder marbles makes it more faster to be reacts with HCl than pieces of
marbles.
b. Concentration of reactants
1. What are the effects of the concentration of HCl to the rate reaction of marbles
and Na2S2O4 ?
Another effects that’s can affect the rate reaction is concentration of solution. HCl use
to dissolve mables. More big the concentration value of solution so the reaction will
be more faster. It’s does to Na2S2O4 , the concentration of Na2S2O4 makes the (X)
sign on the paper can’t seen in the short times. It’s proved that the concentration is
very affect in the rate reaction
2. What are the influences of Na2S2O4 concentration to the rate of reaction?
the influences of Na2S2O4 concentration to the rate of reaction is to raise the rate
reaction it self. More high the concentration Na2S2O4 will be make te cross sign lose
in the short times too.

3. Draw a graph showed the relationship of 1/time and sodium thisulfate

concentration!

graph between concentration of

Na2S2O3 and 1/t(s-1)
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06 y = 0.5567x - 0.0015
R² = 0.9761
1/t(s-1)

0.05
0.04 t
0.03
Linear (t)
0.02
0.01
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
consentration of Na2S2O3

c. Temperature
1. What are the effect of temperature toward rate reaction on the reaction between
potassium permanganate with oxalic acid and sulphuric acid
More high the temperature will be makes the rate reaction value more high too. When
we mixed potassium permanganate with oxalic acid and sulphuric acid without
heating process use more times to react than mixed potassium permanganate with
oxalic acid and sulphuric acid witht heating process.
2. Write down the occured reaction
5C2O42-(aq) + 2MnO42-(aq) 2Mn2+ (aq) + HCO2(aq) + 8H2O(l)
 d. Catalyst
1. CuCl2 and FeCl3 are containing two kinds of ions,cations and anions,which ion
works as a catalyst?
In our experiment we didn’t do CuCl2 experiment. Because there’s no CuCl2. But we
do FeCl3 experiment. And the experiment which is produce bubbles is FeCl3 and
MnO2 . The reaction :
CuCl2 Cu2+ + 2Cl
` FeCl3 Fe3+ + 3Cl
The ions : Cu2+ and Fe3+
2. In this reaction H2O2 decomposes to form H2O and O2 , whether the catalyst is
also changing as a result of a reaction?
In this reaction the catalyst will influences in the process. But don’t give affect to
reaction , taht’s only speed up the reaction.the catalyst allows that the reaction takes
places speedly toward the cahnges of the reagents

e. Autocatalyst
1. Why is the rate of reaction on the first droplets of a solution of KMnO4 in the
first tube is slower when compared with the second tube?
Because the more addition of potassium permanganate as catalyst will be give effects
to reaction, that’s is makes the reaction more speedly so, the stimes which is use is
more short and short as long as addition of potassium permanganate to reaction
2. What is the effect of manganese(II) sulfate in the reaction which takes placs on
the tube?
manganese(II) sulfate is as autocatalyst . autocatalyst in the reaction can speed up the
reaction. Reaction for the autocatalyst is :

5H2C2O4(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq) + 2KMnO4(aq) 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 10 CO2(aq) + 8H2O(l)

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