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CHAPTER 1

DENGUE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN CEBU CITY

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the study

Dengue is a viral infection caused by four types of viruses

DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 belonging to the Flaviviridae

family. Dengue is a disease inflicted through female Anopheles

mosquitoes. They carry the dengue-causing virus, acting like a

vector in spreading the disease. The mosquitoes inject the virus

while they suck the human blood for the purpose of reproduction,

blood acts as a high protein content. It is found mostly in regions

with tropical and sub-tropical climate. Mosquitoes usually reproduce

in stagnant water and this is the main reason dengue is spread

during rainy seasons as the water stays stagnant. Preventive

measures can always save the people from getting affected by these

life-threatening diseases. Reducing the rate of mosquitoes is the best

way to reduce the spread of dengue. People have to remove the

medium in which the mosquitoes reproduce. There is no specific

treatment for dengue but it can be cured if found in the earlier

stages. Ovitraps are now being used to detect and monitor disease

carrying mosquitoes. This research is aimed at finding the dengue

management practices of people in high dengue prone regions and

low dengue prone areas of Cebu City.

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In this research through the survey researchers will bring out

the steps and initiatives taken by the Government to eradicate the

Dengue virus. Researchers have also included the statements about

the initiatives taken by the Government in the Barangays.

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Review of related literature

Dengue fever has been a major public issue in southern

Vietnam that usually affects children. Early diagnosis, treating the

disease correctly should reduce the rates (Trong,1998).

Mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, which

infects humans by bites during daylight. The control of the virus

vector (Mosquito) should lead to the control of dengue.

(Morrison,2008).

Every year approximately 50000 individuals are being

hospitalized with dengue haemorrhagic fever. Mainly it’s found in

Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Americas. The capacity for

surveillance and outbreak response can be increased and the disease

burden can be reduced using the integrated vector management

combined with early and accurate diagnosis has been said. The

contribution of Antiviral drugs can improve the control of dengue in

the future (Guzman,2014).

The variation in mosquito vector populations will improve

dengue surveillance and prevention. Aedes aegypti, primary vector

can transmit the virus with remarkable efficiency. As households are

expected to be a primary site the human DENV infection, vector

control strategies like intradomicile vector control strategies should

be done. Individual household can be used as a spatial scale for

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accessing the entomological risk. Combined vector control with

vaccine delivery will serve as the most effective intervention strategy

for rapid and sustained disease prevention (Scott,2010).

In the dengue-endemic countries of Asia and Americas 65% of

the people are at the risk of dengue despite having GAVI support.

The demand of the vaccine in the endemic and non-endemic

countries would increase due to the geographic distribution of

dengue. (Ananda,2010).

Several dengue vaccines are in development to address the

need for dengue prevention. Dengue can be prevented by control of

vector (Mark,2010).
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PROBLEM

Statement of the problem

The study would want to determine the possible reasons for

the difference in the dengue rates of high dengue prone areas and

low dengue prone areas of Cebu City.

Specifically the researchers would like to answer the following

question:

1. What measures are taken by the Government in the prevention of

dengue?

2. How effective is the measures taken by the Government?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the dengue management

procedures taken by the people in high dengue prone areas and

low dengue prone areas in Cebu City.

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Significance of study

The study is beneficial to the following

Student- This will help them understand the need of keeping the

surroundings clean and protected in order for their well-being.

Teachers- This will help them acquire knowledge about the

different ways to reduce the spread of dengue and they can guide

students about the prevention of dengue.

Future researchers- They can learn about the management

techniques implied in reducing the dengue rates.

City Officials- They can know where to emphasize more important

in providing preventive measures.

DOH (DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH)- They can provide vaccines in

regions of high dengue risk.

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Scope and Limitation

This study is mainly focused on the comparison of dengue

management procedures in the places of high dengue prone areas

and low dengue prone areas of Cebu City. The research is focused

on the places with same climate.

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CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

In this study, the researchers will be using a random sampling

survey method to select fifty(50) people from Guadalupe (High

dengue prone) and another fifty(50) people from Subangdaku (Low

dengue prone) in Cebu City to gather the data of the dengue

management procedures.

Research Environment

The researchers will be comparing the dengue management

procedures within high dengue prone areas like Guadalupe and low

dengue prone areas like Subangdaku of Cebu City.

Research Instrument

In this study, the researchers will use standardize

questionnaire to compare the dengue management procedures

within high dengue prone areas like Guadalupe and low dengue

prone areas like Subangdaku of Cebu City.

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Questionnaire:

1. Is there consistent covering of household water containers in your house

A. Yes
B. No

2. Are you habituated for wearing long sleeve shirts and trousers frequently

A. Yes
B. No

3. Do you have the habit of using indoor mosquito repellents ?

A. Yes
B. No

4. Do you frequently spray insecticides in your garden ?

A. Yes
B. No

5. Is there dump collection sites and water collection spots in your house

A. Yes
B. No
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REFERENCES

Online Sources

Scott.,(2010) Vector dynamics and transmission of dengue

virus: implications for dengue surveillance and prevention

strategies: vector dynamics and dengue prevention. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19802582

Guzman.,(2010) Dengue: a continuing global threat. Retrieved

from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079655

Amarasinghe.,(2010) Forecasting dengue vaccine demand in

disease endemic and non-endemic countries. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056060/

Morission.,(2008) Defining challenges and proposing solutions

for control of the virus vector Aedes aegypti. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18351798

Lan.,(1998) Treatment of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever at

Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, 1991-1996.

Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/148646

Dengue. Retrieved from https://www.doh.gov.ph/Health-

Advisory/Dengue
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