Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Course Instructor
Applications
Medical
Cancer/Tumor Detection
Medical Diagnostics and Therapy
Microwave Theory and Techniques | Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay
History of Electromagnetic Waves
Excellent Coverage on History of Electromagnetic Waves ഥ =ρ
𝛻. 𝐃
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_electromagnetic_theory ഥ=0
𝛻. 𝐁
ഥ
𝜕𝑩
𝛻 × 𝐄ത = −
1860’s James Clerk Maxwell 𝜕t
ഥ
𝜕𝑫
ഥ = 𝑱ҧ +
𝛻 ×𝑯
𝜕t
1891 Heinrich Hertz
Original apparatus
Validated used by Hertz for his
Maxwell’s Theory electromagnetics
experiments
Image sources: Wikipedia Image source: D.M. Pozar, Microwave
Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 2012
LO
Two – way
Power Divider
Coupled Line
Directional Coupler
Microwave Engineering
by DM Pozar
Microwave Theory and Techniques | Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay
Microwave Filters
• Low Pass
• High Pass
• Band Pass
• Band Reject (Notch)
Photograph of 7th order LPF
Phase Shifter:
Analog and Digital
Loaded Line Phase Shifter
Microwave Theory and Techniques | Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay
Link Budget
Transmitting Receiving
Antenna Antenna
r
Aet Aer
Transmitter Receiver
𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 Wattൗ
𝑃𝑑 =
4𝜋𝑟 2 𝑚2 Power Density
𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑟 𝐴𝑒𝑟 4𝜋𝐴𝑒𝑡
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑑 𝐴𝑒𝑟 = Watt 𝐺𝑡 =
4𝜋𝑟 2 𝜆2
2
𝜆
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟 Watt Friis Transmission Equation
4𝜋𝑟
Microwave Theory and Techniques | Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay
Power Density and Received Power
Example: A GSM1800 cell tower antenna is transmitting 20 W of power in the
frequency range of 1840 to 1845 MHz. The gain of the antenna is 17 dBi. Find the
power density at a distance of (a) 50 m and (b) 300 m in the direction of maximum
radiation and Power Received.
Pt Gt Wattൗ
Power Density: Pd = 2 𝐺𝑡 = 17 𝑑𝐵 = 50
4πr 2 m
20 x 50 2
(a) r = 50 m: Pd = = 31.8m W Τ m
4π x 502
20 x 50 2
(b) r = 300 m: Pd = = 0.88m W Τ m
4π x 3002
2
𝜆
At r = 300 m and Gr = 0 dB, Power Received: 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑡 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟 Watt
4𝜋𝑟
Pr = -32 dBm in the main beam
Microwave Theory and Techniques | Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay
Mobile Phone System
APPLICATIONS
Room, Hall, Open Space, Vehicle, Lift, Garage, Parking Lot
APPLICATIONS
Retail, Library Management,
Vehicle License Plate,E-Passport,
Product Tracking, Animal Tracking,
Electronic Toll Collection, etc.
Image Source: http://ashtopustech.com/products/rfid/
https://www.keysight.com/en/pcx-x205220/rf-signal-generators-signal-sources?
Spectrum Analyzer
https://www.rfpage.com/s-parameter-formats-in-vector-network-analyzers/
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/us/product/fsu-productstartpage_63493-7993.html
Microwave Theory and Techniques | Prof. Girish Kumar, IIT Bombay
High Power Microwave Systems
Communication Range is increased
Microwave Heating Applications
- Cooking, Drying, Food Processing
- Hyperthermia
Microwave Bomb
Microwave Weapon http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/programme/programme_rafs/programme_rafs_ft_0
1_02_mcfs.html