B000044 NHWP Int SB KSU PDF

Special Edition
Intermediate
Student’s Book
Liz and John Soars
3
CONTENTS LANGUAGE INPUT
UNIT GRAMMAR VOCABULARY EVERYDAY ENGLISH
1 It’s a wonderful world! Auxiliary verbs What’s in a word? Everyday situations
p6 do, be, have p7 Parts of speech and meaning I need to make an
Naming the tenses Spelling and pronunciation appointment.
Present, Past, Present Perfect p7 Word formation A medium latte, please.
Questions and negatives Words that go together Have here or take
What did you do last night? Keeping vocabulary records away?
Cows don’t eat meat. p7 p12 p13
Short answers
Yes, I did. p8
Present tenses Positive and negative Making small talk

2 The working week Simple and continuous adjectives It’s such an old city,
p14 What does she do? p14 hard-working p19 isn’t it?
State verbs Free time activities Oh, good.
like, know, understand p15 go cycling Really?
Passive a recipe, to peel p20 Have you? p21
People are employed …
I’m being served. p17
How often …?
hardly ever
twice a year p15
3 Telling tales Past tenses Spelling and pronunciation Giving opinions

p22 Past Simple and Continuous good /gʊd/, food /fu:d/ Did you enjoy the
He put his hand in his pocket and pulled male, mail football match?
out a coin. p23 /u:/ tooth truth juice p25 It was really boring! I
Past Simple and Past Perfect fell asleep and missed
I didn’t laugh at his joke. the only goal. p29
Why? Had you heard it before? p24
Past Passive
A Farewell to Arms was written by
Ernest Hemingway. p27
Stop and Check 1 Teacher’s Book
4 Doing the right thing Modal verbs (1) – obligation and Nationality words Requests and offers
p30 permission Japan the Japanese Could you … ?
have (got) to, can, be allowed to Spain the Spanish Would you … ?
Children have to go to school. Countries and adjectives Can I … ?
I can stay at my brother’s house. Greece Greek I’ll …
We’re allowed to wear jeans. p31 Italy Italian p36 Shall I … ? p37
should, must
We should take traveller’s cheques.
You must write to us every week. p33
5 On the move Future forms The weather Travelling around

p38 going to and will It’s sunny. Using public transport
I’m going to buy some. sunshine Requests in a hotel p45
I’ll get a loaf. p39 The sun’s shining. p44
Present Continuous
We’re playing tennis this afternoon. p39
6 I just love it! Questions with like Describing food, cities, Signs and sounds
What’s he like? and people Dry clean only
p46 What does he look like? fresh Just looking, thanks.
What does he like doing? p47 polluted p53
Verb patterns sophisticated p52
I enjoyed meeting your friends. Collocations
I just wanted to say thank you. fresh food
You made me feel welcome. p49 historic cities
elderly people p52
2
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
READING SPEAKING LISTENING WRITING p102
‘Wonders of the modern world’ Information gap – a UN Goodwill My wonders – three generations Correcting mistakes (1) – finding
– amazing technological and Ambassador p9 give their ideas about the and correcting language mistakes
scientific achievements p10 Discussion – what’s the most wonders of the modern world in an informal letter p103
important invention? p12 p12
‘Charles, Prince of Wales’ – the Talking about you – how often do Who earns how much? Letters and emails p104
private and public man p18 you do things? p15 How much do different jobs pay?
Project – interviewing someone p17
about their job p16
Talking about your free time
activities p20
‘Two writers’ – the lives of Agatha Information gap – ‘An amazing Classic novels – people talk about A narrative p106
Christie and Ernest Hemingway thing happened!’ p25 their favourite books p28
(jigsaw) p26 Describing a book p28
‘A world guide to good manners’ – Talking about rules and Come round to my place! – For and against p108
how to behave abroad p34 regulations p32 entertaining friends in three
Roleplay – starting a new job different countries p36
p33
Discussion – what advice would
you give a foreign visitor?
p34
‘My kind of holiday’ – a travel agent Arranging to meet p41 A weather forecast p44 Making a reservation p109
talks about his holidays p42 Discussion – your ideal holiday
p42
‘Global pizza’ – the history of the Talking about popular food and New York and London – A description (1) p110
world’s favourite food p50 popular places to eat p50 An English couple talks
Discussion – restaurants, cities about living in New York; an
and people you know p52 American gives his impressions
of living in London (jigsaw)
p52
3
LANGUAGE INPUT
UNIT GRAMMAR VOCABULARY EVERYDAY ENGLISH
7 Just the job! Present Perfect Phrasal verbs On the phone
p54 Present Perfect versus Past Simple Literal or idiomatic? Can I take a message?
I’ve worked there for five years. She looked out of the window. Would you like to hold?
I worked for the BBC. p55 Look out! p60 p61
Present Perfect passive Separable or inseparable?
Two Spanish novelists have been awarded turn on
the Nobel Prize for literature. p57 turn it on p60
Conditionals Base and strong adjectives Making suggestions

8 Just imagine! First conditional good wonderful Let’s go shopping!
p62 If I see Anna, I’ll tell her. p63 tired exhausted p68 Why don’t you ask your
Second conditional Modifying adverbs parents? p69
If I had £5 million, I’d buy an island. very tired
p64 absolutely wonderful p68
Time clauses
When we get there, we’ll give you a call.
p63
Modal verbs (2) – probability Character adjectives Agreeing and disagreeing

9 Making connections must, could, might, can’t reliable So do I!
p70 It could be a duck. sociable Neither do I! p77
You must be very worried. p70 easygoing p76
must have, could have, might have, can’t
have
It could have been her suitcase.
She must have been on holiday. p73

Present Perfect Continuous Likes and dislikes Making the right noises
10 Special interests Present Perfect Simple versus Continuous adore Agreement, sympathy,
p78 He has been practising the test for the loathe p84 pleasure, and surprise
past five years. p78 Brilliant!
Questions and answers You didn’t! p85
How long have you been learning
English? p78
Time expressions
She’s been living in Paris since she got
married. p80
Indirect questions Verbs and nouns that go Informal English

11 If you ask me, … I wonder if you could help me. together What do you say we
p86 I don’t know what time the banks close. whistle a tune break for lunch?
p86 lick an ice-cream p93 What’s up? p93
Question tags Idioms
I’ve got a meeting this afternoon, hold your breath
haven’t I? p88 hit the roof p93
Reported speech Ways of speaking You know what they

12 Telling it how it is Reported statements suggest, advise, admit, deny say …
p94 She said that she was a student. p95 p97 Clichés
Reported questions It’s not the end of the
I thought she worked in an office. p95 world.
Reported requests/commands Rather you than me
I asked her what was happening. p101
I wondered if there’d been an accident.
p97
Tapescripts p120 Grammar Reference p134 Pairwork activities p151
4
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
READING SPEAKING LISTENING WRITING
‘Dream jobs’ – two people describe Discussion – what’s in the news The busy life of a retired man – An email of application p112
their jobs (jigsaw) today? p57 a man talks to his grandson
p58 Roleplay – interviewing someone about life since retirement p61
about their dream job p58
‘Philanthropists round the world’ Discussion – what would you do Three charities – who they are From notes to writing p114
– rich individuals giving money with £5 million? p65 and what they do p68
to help poorer people p66 Discussion – what charities
would you support? p68
‘The man who planted trees’ Quiz – what type of person are Optical illusions – two people talk A description (2) p116
p74 you? p76 about a set of optical illusions
Discussion – what size is the p70
perfect family? p77 Brothers and sisters – two people
talk about their families p77
‘The beautiful game’ – football past Your feelings about football and Things I’m passionate about – Writing a biography p117
and present p82 its place in the world p82 five people talk about their
Things you feel passionate about passions p84
p84
‘How well do you know your Information gap – Finding out The forgetful generation – Words that join ideas p118
world? You ask … we answer!’ about Zinedine Zidane p87 a radio programme p92
p90 Stories of forgetfulness p92
‘Tales of dangerous journeys’ – Exchanging information – She didn’t say that – spotting Correcting mistakes (2) p119
remarkable journeys made by two comparing the journeys of inaccuracies in five
famous leaders (jigsaw) p98 Hannibal and Mao Zedong conversations p96
p98 Tell me your fears – three people
Discussion – people and their talk about what they’re afraid
phobias p100 of p100
The psychologist’s view – a
psychologist explains phobias
and their treatment p100
Irregular verbs p157 Verb patterns p158 Phonetic symbols p159
5
It’s a wonderful world!
Tenses . Auxiliary verbs . Short answers . What’s in a word? . Everyday situations
starter
What do you know?
Tenses and auxiliary verbs
1 Make questions with you from the
sentences.
1 Answer the questions in the quiz.
1 I come from Scotland. (Where?)
Where do you come from? T 1.1 Listen and check.
2 I was born in Amman in 1984. (Where? When?)
3 I live in Abu Dhabi. (Where?)
4 I’ve got two brothers and a sister. (How many?)
5 I’m studying English because I need it for
my job. (Why?)
General
6 I’ve been studying English for three years.
(How long?)
knowledge
7 I’ve been to Egypt, Turkey, and France.
(Which countries?)
8 I went to Canada three years ago. (When?)
2 Ask and answer the questions with

a partner. 4 If you are
flying over
the International Date Line,
Where do you come from? which ocean is below you?
a the Atlantic Ocean
From Saudi Arabia. b the Pacific Ocean
c the Indian Ocean
Where were you born?
In Al Kharj, a 1 When did the modern 5 What doesn’t a

vegetarian eat?
Olympic Games start?
6 stand for?
city near Riyadh. What does www.
a 1806 b 1896 c 1922
3 Tell the class about your partner. 2

How long does it
take for the sun’s rays
7 Where were glasses
Waleed comes from Lebanon. He was born in to reach the Earth? invented?
Sidon in 1985, but now he lives in Beirut. a 8 minutes a Mexico
b 8 hours b Italy
c 8 days c China
3

What was Neil
Armstrong doing when 8
How many times
has Brazil won the
he said in 1969, ‘That’s one World Cup?
small step for a man, one
giant leap for mankind.’?
6 Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world!

Grammar spot Practice
1 Which questions in the quiz contain the following tenses? Negatives and pronunciation
Present Past Present Perfect 1 Correct the information in the sentences.
Simple Simple Simple 1 The sun rises
Present Past Present Perfect The sun doesn’t rise in the
in the west.
Continuous Continuous Continuous west! It rises in the east!
2 Cows eat meat.
Present Simple Past Simple 3 Mercedes-Benz cars
passive passive
are made in Canada.
2 Which tenses use the auxiliary verbs do/does/did to 4 Neil Armstrong landed on the moon in 1989.
make the negative and question? 5 The Titanic was sailing to Southampton when it
Which tenses use the auxiliary verb have? sank.
Which tenses use the auxiliary verb be? 6 The Pyramids were built by the Chinese.
Grammar Reference 1.1–1.3 pp134–135 7 We’ve been in class for five hours.
8 We’re studying Arabic.
T 1.2 Listen and compare. Notice the stress and
2 In groups, write some general knowledge questions.
intonation. Practise saying the sentences.
Ask the other groups.
Talking about you
2 Complete the questions.
1 A What do last night?
B I stayed at home and watched television.
2 A What kind of books like reading?
B Horror stories and science fiction.
3 A ever been to the United States?
B Yes, I have. I went there last year.
A like it?
B Yes, I really enjoyed it.
4 A What the teacher ?
B He’s helping Hassan with this exercise.
5 A your father do?
B He works in a bank.
9 Wit here
sank?
was the Titanic sailing to when
6 A Why do your homework last night?
a Southampton b Rio de Janeiro c New York B Because I didn’t feel well.
7 A What doing next weekend?
10

Which language is spoken by the most
people in the world? B I’m going to a wedding.
a Spanish b Chinese c English 8 A you a TV in your bedroom?
B No, I haven’t. Just a computer.
11 Wattack
hy didn’t dinosaurs
humans? T 1.3 Listen and check. With a partner, ask and
a Because they were vegetarian. answer the questions about you.
b Because they became extinct
before humans were on the earth. is or has?
c Because they didn’t run fast enough.
3 T 1.4 Listen to the sentences. They all contain ’s.
12
How long have people been
sending emails?
Write is or has.
1 is 3 5 7
a since the 1960s
b since the 1970s 2 4 6 8
c since the 1990s
Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world! 7

Making conversation
Short answers
1 T 1.5 Listen to the breakfast

conversation. How does Elliot feel?
Dad Good morning! Did you
have a nice time yesterday?
Elliot Yes.
Dad Do you want breakfast?
Elliot No.
Dad Have you had any coffee?
Elliot Yes.
Dad Is Toby coming round
tonight?
Elliot No.
Dad OK. Are you leaving for
school soon?
Elliot Yes.
2 T 1.6 Listen to a similar conversation.

What are the differences?
3 Complete the conversation.
Dad Good morning! Did you have
a nice time yesterday?
Elliot Yes, . I went round
to Toby’s house.
Dad Do you want breakfast?
Elliot No, , thanks. I’m not
hungry.
Dad Have you had any coffee?
Elliot Yes, . I don’t want
any more, thanks. Grammar spot
Dad Is Toby coming round
1 We use short answers in English conversation because yes or no on its
tonight? own can sound impolite. It helps if you can add some information.
Elliot No, . He’s going out
for dinner with his family. Did you watch the match last night?
Dad OK. Are you leaving for school
soon? Yes, I did. It was great!
Elliot Yes, . As soon as I’ve
finished this exercise.
2 Reply to these questions using a short answer. Add some information.
T 1.6 Listen again and check. Do you like cooking? No, I don’t. But I like eating!
Have you got any brothers or sisters?
4 Close your books. Try to remember Is it cold out today?
the conversation. Are you working hard?
Did you go out yesterday evening?
Have you ever been to Singapore?
Grammar Reference 1.4 p135
5 T 1.7 Listen to the questions. Answer using a short answer, and add
some information.

Practice
Conversations
1 Match a question in A with a short answer in B and a line in C.
A B C
1 Do you like studying English? No, I haven’t. It’s freezing.
2 Is it a nice day today? Yes, I am. It’s my favourite subject.
3 Have you seen my pen? Yes, I do. I couldn’t afford to.
4 Are you staying at home this evening? No, I didn’t. Do you want to come round?
5 Did you go on holiday last summer? No, it isn’t. You can borrow mine if you want.
T 1.8 Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.

2 Read the class survey and add two questions of your own. Stand up! Ask three students the questions and
complete the chart. Remember to add some information in your reply.
Class Survey S1 S2 S3
1 Have you got a computer at home?

2 Are you interested in any sports?
3 Do you do any exercise?
4 Did you watch TV last night?
5 Have you been to another country?
6 Are you going to do anything after class?
7
8
Getting information
3 The United Nations invites famous people from all over the
world to be Goodwill Ambassadors. Work with a partner.
You each have different information about Henri Bernard,
a writer, who works for the UN.
Ask and answer questions.
Student A Look at p151.
Student B Look at p152.
Where was Henri Bernard born?
In Lyon, France. How many books has he written?
Over forty. How long...?

w
Reading and speaking

Wonders of the modern world
1 Match each topic in A with two items in B.

A B
International travel solar system
airlines
Medical science competition
online
The Internet corn
health care
Agriculture drug abuse
penicillin
Space travel famine
galaxies
The Olympic Games abroad
website
2 Read the text about the wonders
Wonders of
of the world. Write a topic from A
in the paragraph headings 1–6.
3 Answer the questions.
1 What has changed because of the
Internet? What will happen with
the Internet?
I don’t believe that today’s wonders are similar in
2 What has happened in space
exploration since 1969? kind to the wonders of the Ancient World. They were
3 What is the most noticeable result of all buildings, such as the Pyramids in Egypt, or other
better health care? architectural structures. Over the past 100 years,
4 ✗ = the number of people who we have seen amazing technological and scientific
travelled abroad in the nineteenth
achievements. These are surely our modern wonders.
century. What does ✗ also equal?
5 What are the good and bad things
about the Olympics? 1
6 What point was Jonathan Swift
It is everywhere. More than two billion people use it, and the number of
making about farmers and politicians?
people who are online increases by 100 million every year. In 1994 there
7 ‘We are still here!’ Why is this a wonder?
8 What do these numbers refer to? were only a few hundred web pages. Today there are billions.
It has revolutionized the way we live and work. But we are still in the
100 million a few hundred 1969 early days. Soon there will be more and more interactivity between the
millions of people 47 four 1709 50 user and the website, and we will be able to give instructions using speech.
Talking about you 2

4 In groups, discuss one of these questions. In 1969, Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space capsule onto the
surface of the moon and made his famous statement: ‘That’s one small
• What are your favourite websites? step for a man, one giant leap for mankind’. Since then, there have been
• When did you last travel by plane? Where space probes to Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and even to the sun. One day, a
were you going? space observatory will study how the first stars and galaxies began.
• Are there any stories about health care in the So far, it seems that we are alone in the universe. There are no signs
news at the moment? yet that there is intelligent life outside our own solar system. But who
• What sporting events are taking place now or knows what the future holds?
in the near future?

the modern world by
Ann
Halliday
3 6
Surely nothing has done more for the comfort and In 1724, Jonathan Swift wrote, ‘Whoever makes two blades
happiness of the human race than the advances in health of grass or two ears of corn grow where only one grew before
care! How many millions of people have benefited from serves mankind better than the whole race of politicians’.
the humble aspirin? How many lives has penicillin saved? In Europe our farmers have done this. In 1709,
Average life expectancy worldwide has risen dramatically whole villages in France died of hunger. Now
over the past 100 years, from about 47 years in 1900 to
in Europe, we can’t eat all the food we produce.
about 77 years today.
If only politicians could find a way to share
it with those parts of the world where
4 there is famine.
We are a world on the move. Airlines carry more than 1.5
billion people to their destinations every year. It is estimated 7 We are still here!
that, at any one time these days, there are as many people
travelling in aeroplanes as the total number of people who The last wonder of the modern
travelled abroad in the whole of the nineteenth century (but I world is simply that we are still here.
have no idea how they worked this out!). We have had nuclear weapons for
over 50 years that could destroy
the world, but we haven’t used
5 them to do it. This is surely
It is true that they are now commercialized, and there is the greatest wonder
greed and drug abuse. However, it is a competition in which of all.
almost every country in the world takes part. Every four years,
for a brief moment, we see the world come together in peace
and friendship. We feel hope again for the future of mankind.

Listening and speaking VOCABULARY AND
My wonders PRONUNCIATION
What’s in a word?
1 T 1.9 Listen to three people from the same family
saying what they think are the wonders of the modern
These exercises will help you with your vocabulary
world. Complete the chart.
learning.
Parts of speech and meaning

1 These sentences all contain the nonsense word uggy.
Is uggy used as a verb, an adjective, a noun, or an
adverb? How do you know?
1 I like carrots, peas, and potatoes, but I don’t like
uggy.
2 There was a lot of snow on the road.
Unfortunately, I uggied on some ice and crashed
into a tree.
3 When the rain started, they went uggily back into
the house.
4 After an uggy day at work, with meetings and
phone calls all day, I was ready for a quiet
evening.
Can you guess what uggy means in the four
sentences?
Which real English word goes in each sentence?
What is the What’s good Are there any • hurriedly • skidded • hectic • broccoli
wonder? about it? problems?
Samir television Spelling and pronunciation
2 In these groups three words rhyme, but one is
Jad different. Work with a partner and read them aloud.
Underline the word in each group which has a
different vowel sound.
Marwan Phonetic symbols p159
1 /ʊ/ or /u:/? good food wood stood
2 /i:/ or /e/? bread head read (present) read (past)
2 Work with a partner. Which of these inventions do you 3 /eɪ/ or /e/? paid made played said
think is the most important? Mark them 1 for the 4 /ʌ/ or /əʊ/? done phone sun won
most important to 8 for the least important. 5 /eə/ or /ɪə/? dear hear bear near
6 /ɜ:/ or /ɔ:/? work fork walk talk
the computer nuclear weapons
the car the space rocket T 1.10 Listen and check. What do you notice about
English spelling?
the television the mobile phone
the aeroplane the space satellite 3 Here are some of the words from exercise 2 in
phonetic symbols. Read them aloud, then write them.
3 Work in groups of four. Work together to agree on the 1 /fu:d/ 5
/ri:d/
three most important inventions. Which has changed
the world the most? 2 /nɪə/ 6
/wɜ:k/
3 /stʊd/ 7
/fəʊn/
4 Talk together as a class. What other machines,
4 /peɪd/ 8
/wɔ:k/
inventions, or discoveries would you add to the list?
T 1.11 Listen and check.

Word formation EVERYDAY ENGLISH
4 Write different forms of the word employ using Everyday situations
the suffixes in the box.
-ees -able -ed -ment -er 1 Work with a partner. Where could you hear the following
lines of conversation? Who is talking to who?
1 Express International is a very good 1 I need to make an appointment. It’s quite urgent.
employ – they pay well and they’re very I’ve lost a filling.
good to their workers. 2 A medium latte and a muffin, please.
2 Our company has over 500 employ .
3 I can’t make the meeting. I’m stuck in traffic.
3 I’ve had a part-time job for six years but I’m
4 Can you put in your PIN number and press ‘Enter’?
looking for full-time employ now.
4 Where are you employ at the moment? 5 Sparkling or still? And do you want ice and lemon in it?
5 He hasn’t had a job for years and has no 6 I don’t think you’ve met Greg. He’s joining us from our
qualifications – I don’t think he’s really New York office.
employ at the moment. 7 How many bags are you checking in?
8 The lift’s on your right. Would you
Words that go together like someone to help you with
your luggage?
5 Match a word in A with a word in B. 9 Please hold. Your call is
A B important to us. All our
operators are busy at the
strong carefully moment, but one of
them will be with you
full-time coffee shortly …
sports part 10 There are still tickets
drive a sweater for the Arsenal match
but this Saturday’s
take star game has sold out, I’m
try on job afraid.
2 Match a line from exercise
Keeping vocabulary records 1 with a reply.
a 7 Just the one.
6 Discuss how you can keep vocabulary records.
b Never mind. We’ll start
• Do you have a special notebook or do you record your without you and brief you
vocabulary electronically? later.
• Do you write a sentence with the new word?
c Hello. Good to meet you. I’ve
• Do you write the translation?
heard a lot about you.
What about pronunciation?
d No, thank you. I’ll manage.
e That’s fine. We’ll have two, please, one adult, and one
My notes child.
records /"rekO:dz/ noun f Have here or take away?
a written note of something g Oh no! I can’t remember my number for this card.
• I keep vocabulary records. Oh what is it?
Translation = Remove note h If I have to wait any longer, I’ll go mad!
i Sparkling, please. Ice but no lemon.
record /rI"kO:d/ verb j We have a cancellation this afternoon. 2.45, if that’s
to write down or keep information
OK?
electronically
• I record my vocabulary electronically. T 1.12 Listen and check. How does each conversation end?
Translation = Remove note
3 Listen again. Pay attention to the stress and intonation.
Practise some of the conversations with your partner.
WRITING: Correcting mistakes (1)

Go to p103 Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world! 13
The working week
Present tenses . Free time activities . Passive . Numbers and dates
starter
Look at the pairs of sentences. Which one is correct? Why?
1 They have a young son. 3 Oh no! It rains! 5 Don’t turn off the TV! I watch it.
They’re having a young son. Oh no! It’s raining! Don’t turn off the TV! I’m watching it.
2 He speaks six languages. 4 We’re thinking maths is boring. 6 English speaks all over the world.
He’s speaking six languages. We think maths is boring. English is spoken all over the world.
MY FAVOURITE DAY OF THE WEEK

Present tenses – states and activities
2 T 2.1 Listen to some people talking about their

favourite day of the week. What is it? Why?
Adam’s favourite day of the week is . . . because he . . .
3 Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 I with my parents during term-time.
2 I day today.
3 … it work at all. Time by.
4 The restaurant redecorated at the
moment …
5 I because it’s challenging, but I
surfing.
6 The boards in South Africa.
7 We rarely at the weekend …
8 Now we’re lambing, so we , either.
What else can you remember about each person?
Adam likes being with his friends all the time.
4 Work with a partner. What is your favourite and least
favourite day of the week? Why?
14 Unit 2 . The working week

Grammar spot
1 What are the tenses in these sentences? Why are they used?
I have two lessons on a Monday.
I’m having a bad day today.
Find more examples, active and passive, in T2.1 on p121.
2 Which of these verb forms is right? Why is the other wrong?
I like
I’m liking |my job. I know
I’m knowing |
we’re very lucky.
Dave
Telford
Some verbs are rarely used in continuous tenses. These are
called state verbs. Underline the five state verbs in the box.
love understand work want enjoy cost need learn
3 Adverbs of frequency (always, never) answer the question

How often? Find examples in T2.1 on p121. police officer
Grammar Reference 2.1 and 2.2 pp135–136
and surfer
PRACTICE 1 What’s your background?
Questions and answers I’m 46, and I’m divorced. I have two kids, who I see once a
fortnight. I live in Devon, in the south-west of England. I’m a
1 Read about Dave, the police officer from p14. Which police officer. I’ve been in the police force for over twenty years.
question goes with which paragraph? I love my job, but my passion is surfing.
How often do you go surfing?
What’s your background?
What do you think of your job?
Do you have a business?
2 I work different shifts. The morning shift starts at 5.00, and I
can’t stand that because I have to get up at 4.30. My favourite
Why do you like surfing? What hours do you work?
shift is 2.00 in the afternoon till midnight because I get home
What’s your favourite day of the week? about 12.30. What’s good is that I work ten hours a day for four
days, then have three days off.
2 Complete the questions about Dave. Then ask and
answer them with a partner.
3 My job is extremely busy and very hard. But I like it because it’s
challenging, and I never know what’s going to happen. I like
Has he got any children? Yes, two. working in a team. We look after each other and work together.
1 Has . . . any children? 6 What . . . think . . . while . . . surfing?
2 How often . . . them?
3 Why . . . morning shift?
7 Where . . . next month?
8 . . . business doing well?
4 My work is very stressful, so I surf to get away from it all. It’s just
me and the sea, and my mind switches off. I concentrate so hard
4 How many hours . . .? 9 What . . . on Sunday evenings? on what I’m doing that I don’t think about anything else.
5 What . . . like about his job?
T 2.3 Listen and check. 5 I go surfing whenever I’m not working. Sometimes I’m on the
beach before 7.00 in the morning. I go all over the world surfing.
Talking about you Next month I’m going to Costa Rica, and in the autumn I’m
going to Thailand.
3 Make sentences about you using the prompts in the box.
I visit friends as often as I can. 6 I’ve got a surf school. I teach all ages, from kids to pensioners.
The business is doing well. I’m also opening two shops that sell
. . . as often as I can. . . . once a fortnight. surfboards. The boards are made in South Africa. They’re the best.
. . . eight hours a day. . . . one evening a week.

. . . when I’m on holiday. . . . twice a year.
. . . on a Sunday.
I always . . .
I hardly ever . . .
. . . whenever I’m not working.
7 I like Sundays best of all. I work as a lifeguard all day, then
around 6.00 me and my mates barbecue some fish. Fantastic!
I’ve been all round the world, but when I look around me, I think
there’s nowhere else I’d rather be.
4 Talk to a partner about you. Tell the class about
your partner. Unit 2 . The working week 15
Simple and continuous
1 T 2.4 Listen to two people talking about who’s who in

The Office. What are their names? What are their jobs?
d Simon Accountant
the Office
Edward Human Resources (HR) Manager
Andy Managing Director (MD)
Jack Personal Assistant (PA)
Matthew Information Technology (IT) Manager b c
Christina Sales Director
a
2 What are the people doing? What are they wearing?
Simon’s sitting at the top of the table reading something.
He’s wearing a jumper.
T 2.4 Listen again. What comment is made about d
each person?
Simon shouts a lot, but he listens as well. e
3 Match a job from exercise 1 with a job description and
a current project.
The MD is responsible for running the whole company.
Currently, he is . . .
Job description Current project f
is responsible for running the buying new hardware
whole company making bookings for a conference
makes appointments and visiting new customers in China
arrangements
recruiting new staff
negotiates prices and contracts
runs an IT support team discussing plans with the Board
is in charge of budget and cash flow preparing a financial report
looks after employees
4 Work with a partner. Read the conversation aloud.

A What’s your job?
B I’m a Human Resources Manager.
A So what do you do exactly?
B I look after the employees and their training.
A And what are you working on at the moment?
B I’m recruiting and interviewing. We’re trying to State and activity verbs
find new staff for our office in Paris.
6 Are these sentences right (✓) or wrong (✗)?
5 Make similar conversations using the jobs in exercise 1. Correct the wrong sentences.
Choose another job, for example, doctor, journalist … 1 I’m not wanting an ice-cream.
2 Are you understanding what I’m saying?
3 I’m enjoying the course. It’s great.
4 I’m thinking you’re really nice.
5 What are you thinking about?
6 I’m not believing you. You’re telling lies.
7 I’m knowing you’re not agreeing with me.
8 She’s having a lot of money.
Active and passive LISTENING AND SPEAKING
7 Read the statistics. Choose the correct form, Who earns how much?
active or passive. Do any of the statistics
surprise you? 1 Work with a partner. Look at the chart. Discuss which job
you think goes with which salary.
Statistics about jobs Who earns how much in Britain? *
and money in the UK
£120,000
1 Nearly half the population (29m) £22,500 £1 million
involve / are involved in some form
Doctor Footballer
of employment. £105,000 Senior Director Nurse £12,500
2 20% of the workforce
employed / are employed by the state. Teacher Supermarket cashier
3 The average worker pays / is paid

£11,000 Police officer Pilot £65,000
£27,000 a year. Lawyer Farmer
4 The average worker
pays / is paid £32,000 £750,000
£250,000 in tax in his or her lifetime. £36,000
5 Women earn / are earned on average * The average annual salary is £27,000.
17% less than men for full-time work.
2 You are going to hear two people discussing the chart.
6 Children
give / are given
T 2.5 Listen to Part 1. Answer the questions.
on average £7 a week pocket money.
1 Which jobs do they discuss?
7 The average householdspends / is spent Which salaries do they agree on?
£70 per week on transport. 2 Complete the sentences.
8 75% of British households They think a doctor earns either £ or £ .
They think either a or a earns £750,000.
own / are owned a car.
They think a earns about £65,000.
3 What comment do they make about … ?
• doctors • footballers • senior directors • pilots
8 Put the verbs in the present passive, simple
or continuous. 3 T 2.6 Listen to Part 2. Answer the questions.
1 ‘Can I help you?’ ‘I ’m being served (serve), 1 Who do they think are the lowest earners?
2 How much do they think farmers earn?
thank you.’
3 Do they agree about a teacher’s and a police officer’s salary?
2 A lot of manufactured goods 4 What is the woman’s final point?
(make) in Asia.
3 ‘Why are you getting the bus?’ ‘My car SPOKEN ENGLISH Giving opinions
(service).’ 1 Notice the ways of expressing an opinion.
4 Nearly 50% of the food we buy I reckon . . . I’d say . . . I suppose . . .
(import). 2 Are these ways of agreeing or disagreeing?
5 The banking industry in the UK I think so too. Definitely. I know what you mean, but . . .
(situate) in London. I’m not so sure. Actually, . . . Absolutely.
6 service 3 What do we mean when we say . . . ?
Could be. Maybe, maybe not. Possibly.
(include) in the bill?
7 The hotel is closed while the bedrooms
(modernize).
8 Footballers (pay) far too
much money.
Unit 2 . The working week 17
VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING
Free time activities
1 What do you do when you aren’t working?

Make a list of what you do in your free time.
go on the Net play golf go for a run
Who do you do it with? Where? Tell the class.
4 Complete the diagram about cooking with

words from the box. equipment ingredients
a saucepan eggs
boiling to chop
to mix a casserole dish
herbs and spices minced meat
an oven baking
roasting a food processor cooking
olive oil to weigh food preparation ways of cooking
to peel frying
5 Choose an activity that you are interested
in. Draw a similar diagram and choose the
categories. Fill it in.
6 T 2.7 Listen to John talking about his

hobby. Make notes under these headings.
• Favourite hobby
• Where and when he does it
• Clothes and equipment
• What he likes about it
• The best bit
7 Work in small groups. Use the headings
from exercise 6 and your diagram to talk
about what you like doing in your free time.

EVeryday English
Numbers and dates
406 128
15 50 72
1 Say the numbers.
90 19 850 36 1,520
247 5,000 100,000 2,000,000
T 2.8 Listen and practise.
2 Say the numbers.
Money
£400 50p €9.40 €47.99 ¥5,000 $100
Fractions
¼ ¾ ⅔ ⅞ 12½
Decimals and percentages

6.2 17.25 50% 75.7% 100%
Dates
1995 2020 1789 15/7/94 30/10/02
Phone numbers
01865-556890 800 451-7545 919 677-1303
T 2.9 Listen and practise.

3 T 2.10 Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers you hear.
1 fifteenth 4
2 5
3

Discuss what each number refers to with a partner. The 15th is a date. WRITING: Letters and emails
4 Work with a partner. Write five numbers that are important Go to p104
in your life and explain why.
Telling tales
Past tenses . Passive . Spelling and pronunciation . Giving opinions
starter
A FOLK TALE
Past tenses
Match the sentences and pictures.
1 When Saad arrived home, Nour
cooked dinner.
1 Look at the pictures. They tell the story of two brothers going out into the
world to seek their fortune. What can you see? What do you think the
2 When Saad arrived home, Nour
was cooking dinner.
story is about?
3 When Saad arrived home, Nour 2 Read the story on p23 and the phrases below. Complete the story with the
had cooked dinner. phrases a-f.
What is the difference in meaning? a were seeking their fortune
b had never seen anything so beautiful
a c were walking through some woods
d When the man had gone
e was carrying a heavy old sack
f had become bored with life
T 3.1 Listen and check. What do you think is the moral of the story?
22 Unit 3 . Telling tales

Grammar spot Pronunciation
1 Which tense is used in these two sentences? Which verbs are 3 Work with a partner. Write the verbs from the box
regular? Which are irregular? in the chart according to the pronunciation of the
He put his hand in his pocket and pulled out a coin. -ed ending.
‘Take it’, said the man, and walked off into the woods.
stopped decided pulled looked answered
Find more examples in the story and underline them.
pointed walked opened shouted smiled
2 What are the tenses in these sentences? What is the
difference in meaning? /t/ /d/ /ɪd/
The old man smiled when the boy took the jewel.
The old man was smiling when the boy took the jewel. stopped
The old man smiled when the boy had taken the jewel.
3 Find an example of the Past Simple passive in the story.
Grammar Reference 3.1–3.4 pp137–139 T 3.2 Listen, check, and practise.
The Tale of Two Brothers

Once, there were two brothers who (1) in their small were asked again. ‘I do’ shouted the older brother, and took the
village, so they decided to go out into the world to seek their jewel.
fortune. As they (2) , they saw an old man. He was dressed The old man smiled and pointed to his sack. ‘Now, who will
in rags, and (3) . help me carry this to the next town?’ The older brother said
The old man stopped and asked the boys where they were nothing, but the younger brother bent down to lift the sack.
going. They told him that they (4) . ‘I can help you’, he ‘Take it with you’, said the man, ‘and everything that’s inside it.’
said. He put his hand in his pocket and pulled out a golden coin. ‘I can’t’, said the boy, ‘it isn’t mine.’
‘Which one of you wants this?’ he asked. ‘Take it, and say that it was given to you as a gift’, said the man,
‘I do’, answered the older brother immediately, and took it and walked off into the woods.
from the old man. The man then pulled out an enormous jewel. (6) , the boy opened the sack. It was filled with precious
The two brothers (5) . ‘And who wants this?’, the boys jewels and coins.
Unit 3 . Telling tales 23

Practice
What was he doing?
1 Majid works for MicroSmart Computers in
Abu Dhabi. Read about what he did yesterday.
microsmart
C O M P U T E R S
6.30 got up
6.45 – 7.15 packed his suitcase
7.30 – 8.30 drove to the airport
9.20 – 10.15 flew to Muscat
11.00 – 12.45 had a meeting
1.00 – 2.15 had lunch
2.30 – 4.15 visited Dot Com Enterprises
5.30 – 6.15 wrote a report at the hotel
8.00 – 8.45 had dinner
9.00 – 11.00 relaxed and watched TV
2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions about what

Majid was doing at these times.
What was he doing at 7 o’clock
7.00 a.m. 8.00 a.m. 10.00 a.m. 11.30 a.m. yesterday morning?
1.30 p.m. 3.00 p.m. 6.00 p.m. 8.30 p.m. 10.00 p.m.
He was packing his suitcase.
3 Write a similar list about what you did yesterday. What were you doing at 7 o’clock
Ask and answer questions with your partner. yesterday morning? I was having a shower.
Had you heard it before?

4 Work with a partner.

Student A R
ead a statement from your box.
Student B Answer
with the correct response from your box.
STUDENT A STUDENT B
1 I didn’t laugh at his joke. Why? Had you left your passport at home?
2 Were you surprised by the ending of the book? Why? Had you heard it before?
3 I went to the airport, but I couldn’t get on the plane. That’s a pity. Hadn’t you stayed there before?
4 I was homesick the whole time I was living in France. Really? I didn’t know he’d been married before.
5 The hotel where we stayed on holiday was awful! Really? I thought you’d met them before.
6 I met Hassan’s parents for the first time last Sunday. No, because it’s based on a true story.
7 My grandfather had two sons from his first marriage. That’s really sad! Had you never lived abroad before?
T 3.4 Listen and check, then listen and repeat.

5 Choose two of the conversations and continue them.
I didn’t laugh at his joke.
Why? Had you heard it before?
No, I hadn’t. I just didn’t think

it was very funny, that’s all. Really? I thought it was hilarious!

An amazing thing happened! VOCABULARY
6 Roy and his wife, Wanda had an amazing story to Spelling and pronunciation
tell about their holiday. Work with a partner.
Student A Look at p151. 1 T 3.6 Listen and repeat these words. What do they tell you
Student B Look at p152. about English spelling and pronunciation?
good /gʊd/ food /fu:d/ blood /blʌd/
road /rəʊd/ rode /rəʊd/ rowed /rəʊd/
Words that sound the same

2 T 3.7 Listen and write the words you hear. What do they
have in common? Compare with a partner. Did you write the
same words?
3 Read these words aloud. Write another word with
the same pronunciation.
1 male mail 6 week
7 Wanda is telling a friend, Sara, what happened.
Work with a partner. One of you is Wanda and 2 blew 7 hole
the other is Sara. Continue their conversation. 3 piece 8 pair
4 where 9 allowed
S Hi, Wanda. Did you have a good holiday?
5 caught 10 weight
W Oh, yeah, we had a great time. But I have to
tell you – the most amazing thing happened! 4 Write the correct spelling of the words in phonemic script.
S Really? What was that? 1 /pi:s/ Peace is the opposite of /wɔ:/ .
W Well, Roy and I were at the beach … 2 I’m not /əlaʊd/ to /weə/ make-up.
T 3.5 Listen and compare. 3 I’d like a /peə/ of /blu:/ jeans, please.
4 I /wɔ:/ the same socks for a /həʊl/
Discussing grammar /wi:k/ .
8 Complete the sentences. Check your answers with 5 I had to /weɪt/ in the rain and I /kɔ:t/
a partner. Discuss the differences in meaning. the /flu:/ .
1 When I arrived at the barbecue, they
eating burgers. Spelling
When I arrived at the barbecue, they 5 Read these words aloud. Which two words rhyme?
eaten all the burgers.
1 love move glove
2 We thanked our teacher for everything she 2 some home come
doing to help us pass the test.
3 dear fear pear
We thanked our teacher for everything she
done to help us pass the test. 4 lost most post
5 meat cheat great
3 He told me that they staying at the
Carlton Hotel. 6 boot shoot foot
He told me that they stayed at the 7 eight weight height
Carlton Hotel before. 8 blood wood flood
4 you learn Italian when you went to 9 flower power lower
Italy? T 3.8 Listen and check.
you already learned Italian when 6 These words have the same vowel sound but different
you went to Italy?
spellings. Spell the words.
5 Shakespeare write Hamlet? /u:/ t oo th tr u th j ce thr
Hamlet written by Shakespeare? /ɔ:/ c t d n w fl
/ɜ:/ th w ld b n f
WRITING: A narrative /eə/ t f squ th
Go to p106
Reading and speaking
Two writers
AGATHACHRISTIE
Agatha Mary Clarissa
1 Who are or were the most famous writers Christie is possibly the world’s
in your country? most famous detective story
writer. She wrote 78 novels, and
2 You are going to read about the lives of her sales (4 billion copies of
Agatha Christie and Ernest Hemingway. her novels) outnumber those of
Discuss these questions. William Shakespeare. However,
• Why are they famous? behind her 4,680,000 words was
• What nationality were they? a painfully shy woman whose life
• Which century were they born in? was often lonely and unhappy.
• Do you know the names of any of their works?
HER early life
• Do you know anything about their lives?
She was born in 1890 in Devon,
3 The sentences below appear in the texts. the third child of Clarissa and
Try to guess which sentences go with Frederick Miller, and grew into
which writer. Write C (Christie) or a beautiful and sensitive girl.
H (Hemingway). She didn’t go to school but
was educated at home by her
1 was educated at home. parents. Her father taught her Christie, but the marriage was
2 had wanted to become a soldier, but mathematics through stories unhappy. It didn’t last and they
couldn’t because of poor eyesight. and games, and her mother divorced in 1926. It was a very
encouraged her to write her own difficult time for her, as her
3 ’s stories have ingenious plots, and stories. Unfortunately her father much-loved mother had died
keep the reader guessing who the died in 1901 when she was 11, earlier that year. Agatha suffered
murderer is until the very end of the and both she and her mother a nervous breakdown and one
story. were grief-stricken. night she abandoned her car and
4 In the 1930s, became a war When World War I came in 1914, mysteriously disappeared.
correspondent in the Spanish Civil War she became a nurse in a hospital She went missing for eleven days
and World War II. dispensary, which proved very and was eventually found in a
useful to her in her later career. hotel in Harrogate, in the North
5 I n 1954, survived two plane crashes. Many of the murders in her books of England. Agatha desperately
6 went missing for eleven days and were carried out by a clever use wanted solitude and felt bitter
was eventually found in a hotel in of drugs and poisons, showing towards the media because the
Harrogate, in the North of England. how much she had learnt about newspapers had given her a
them as a nurse. hard time over her breakdown
4 Work in two groups. and disappearance. She was
Group A Read about Agatha Christie. HER LIFE AS A WRITER determined never to let them
Group B Read about Ernest Hemingway. She wrote her first detective enter her private life again.
novel, The Mysterious Affair at
Check your answers to exercises 2 and 3. Styles, in 1920. In it she HER FINAL YEARS
introduced Hercule Poirot, the She enjoyed a very happy second
Belgian detective who appeared marriage to Max Mallowan, an
in many subsequent novels. Her archaeologist, who she met in
other main detective was an Baghdad and married in 1930.
elderly spinster called Miss Her detective skills were a help
Marple, who was based on to him in his excavations in Syria
Agatha’s grandmother and her and Iraq. By successfully staying
circle of friends. Christie’s stories out of the media’s spotlight,
have ingenious plots, and keep she ultimately found happiness
the reader guessing who the with her beloved husband. Her
murderer is until the very end of best novels were written after
the story. 1930, and she continued writing
until 1973. Christie was awarded
HER PERSONAL LIFE England’s highest honour, an
In 1914, at the beginning of OBE, by the Queen in 1971. She
the war, she married Archibald died peacefully in 1976.
ERNESTHEMINGWAY 5 Answer the questions about your person.
1 Where and when was he/she born?
When and how did he/she die?
and worked as a journalist for the 2 Did he/she have a happy family life?
Star newspaper. He learned a lot, 3 How did his/her parents play a part in
but left after only six months to his/her career?
go to war. 4 What do you think were the most
important events in his/her early life?
Hemingway and war 5 How did war play a part in his/her life?
Hemingway was fascinated by 6 How many times was he/she married?
war. He had wanted to become 7 Which of these dates relates to your
a soldier but couldn’t because writer? What do they refer to?
of poor eyesight. Instead, in the
First World War, he became an 1901 1914 1917 1918 1920
ambulance driver and was sent 1926 1928 1930 1940 1954
to Italy, where he was wounded
in 1918. After the war, he went
to live in Paris, where he was 6 Find a partner from the other group and
encouraged in his work by the go through the questions in exercise 5.
American writer Gertrude Stein. What similarities and differences can you
In the 1930s, he became a war find between the two writers?
His early life correspondent in the Spanish They were both born in the nineteenth century.
ERNEST HEMINGWAY was one of Civil War and World War II. Christie had a very happy childhood, but
the great American writers of the Many of his books were about Hemingway ran away from home twice.
twentieth century. He was born war. His most successful book,
on 21 July 1899, in Oak Park, For Whom the Bell Tolls, was
Illinois, the second of six written in 1940 and is about the
children. His family was very Spanish Civil War. Another novel, Grammar spot
strict and he ran away from home A Farewell to Arms, is about the
1 What tense are these verbs?
twice. His father taught him futility of war.
hunting and fishing. Ernest Agatha Christie was educated at
caught his first fish at the age of His personal life home.
three, and was given a shotgun Hemingway’s success in writing A Farewell to Arms and For Whom
when he was twelve. was not mirrored by similar the Bell Tolls were written by Ernest
Hemingway’s love of outdoor success in his personal life. He Hemingway.
activity and danger showed in his married four times. His first
later career as a war Find more examples in the texts and
wife divorced him in 1927. He
correspondent. At school, he was immediately married again and
underline them.
good at English and wrote for the moved to Key West, Florida, 2 Complete the sentences with the
school newspaper. He graduated where he enjoyed hunting and auxiliaries was, were, or had.
in 1917, but he didn’t go to fishing, but he also suffered
college. He went to Kansas City a Christie’s novels show how much she
from depression. This wasn’t
learnt about poisons as a nurse.
helped when, in 1928, his father
committed suicide. Hemingway’s
b Miss Marple based on Agatha’s
health was not good and he grandmother.
had many accidents. Two more c Hemingway living in Paris when
marriages failed. In 1954, he he met Gertrude Stein.
survived two plane crashes. In d Both Christie and Hemingway
October of the same year he honoured in their lifetime.
was awarded the Nobel Prize Grammar Reference 3.5 p139
for literature, but he was too ill to
receive it in person.
His FINAL YEARS
His final years were taken up with
health problems. He began to lose
his memory and he couldn’t write
any more. On Sunday, 2 July
1961, Hemingway killed himself
with a shotgun, just as his father
had done before him. Unit 3 . Telling tales 27
LISTENING AND WRITING
Classic novels
1 Work in groups. What was the last book you read? What was
it about? Why did you read it?
Do you have a favourite novel? Do you prefer modern stories
or stories written a long time ago (classics)? Do you think
the classics can be relevant to people today?
2 Look at the list of books. Which do you know? Which do
you think are classics [C] and which are modern novels [M]?
Great Expectations ( ) The Count of Monte Cristo ( )
The Kite Runner ( ) Portrait of a Spy ( )
The Accidental Tourist ( ) Frankenstein ( )
War of the Worlds ( ) To Kill a Mockingbird ( )
The Grapes of Wrath ( ) Small Island ( )
3 T 3.9 Listen to four friends chatting about books.

Tick (✓) the titles in exercise 2 that they mention.
What do they say about them? Discuss with your
group, then with the class.
4 Write some notes about a book that you like. Use the
questions to help you. Discuss your notes with a partner.
• What’s it called? • Where does it take place?
• Who wrote it? • What’s it about?
• Who are the main characters? • Why do you like it?
5 Use your notes to write a paragraph about the book that
you chose.

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Giving opinions
1 What do the underlined words refer to in these sentences?

a It was really boring! I fell asleep and missed the
only goal!
a football match
b I didn’t like his first one, but I couldn’t put his last one
down. It was so exciting, right up until the last page!
c It was excellent! The room was great, the beds were
really comfortable, and the view from the balcony
was fantastic!
d I thought it was very interesting. I took a lot of notes,
and he gave us some useful handouts, too.
e I think they spoil them. They always give them
whatever they want.
f It was a nice break, but the weather wasn’t very good.
g They were delicious. John had tomato and mozzarella
and I had tuna and sweetcorn.
h I love it! It’s got six gears, and it’s brilliant on the
motorway.
2 Match questions 1–8 with opinions a–h in exercise 1.
1 Did you like the hotel? c
2 Did you enjoy the football match?
3 Did you like your pizzas?
4 Do you like Malcolm Baker’s novels?
5 What do you think of Jim and Anne’s children?
6 What was your holiday like?
7 Was the lecture good?
8 Are you happy with your new car?
T 3.10 Listen and check. Practise the questions and
answers with a partner.
3 Write down some things you did, places you went to,
and people you met last week. Work with a partner and
ask for and give opinions about them.
I went to an Indian restaurant.

Really? What was it like?
Great! I really enjoyed it.
I met Fahad’s brother.

What did you think of him?
He’s really nice. I liked him a lot.

Doing the right thing
Modal verbs 1 – obligation and permission . Nationality words . Requests and offers
starter
Look at the sentences.
can 1 Write the negatives.
should 2 Write the questions.
I go. 3 Write the third person singular.
must
have to 4 Which verb is different?
Teenagers and parents

have (got) to, can, and be allowed to
1 T 4.1 Listen to Sam and Liam, aged

14 and 15. What are some of the things
they like and don’t like about being a
teenager?
2 Complete the sentences.
1 You go to work.
2 You pay bills.
3 You go out with your
friends.
4 I always tell my mum
and dad where I’m going.
5 What time get back
home?
6 You buy whatever you
want.
7 Adults worry about
paying the bills.
8 They always do what
they want.
9 We bring mobile phones
to class.
3 Liam talks about his parents. What are some of the things they
have to do and don’t have to do?
10 I go. I do my
homework. His mother has to …
His father …
T 4.2 Listen and check. Practise saying
the sentences.
30 Unit 4 . Doing the right thing

1 Which two sentences mean the same? Discussing grammar
am allowed to 1 Put these sentences into the negative, the question,
I can stay at my brother’s house tonight. and the past.
have to

1 Henry can swim.
Which sentence expresses obligation? Which sentences Henry can’t swim. Can Henry swim? Henry could swim.
express permission? 2 I have to wear a uniform.
2 Complete the sentences with have to or don’t have to. 3 She has to work hard.
4 He can do what he likes.
Children go to school.
5 We’re allowed to wear jeans.
Millionaires work.
You go to England if you want to
Talking about you
learn English.
In England, you drive on the left. 2 Look at the chart. Make true sentences about you and
3 H
ave got to and have to both express obligation. your family.
Have got to refers to an obligation now or soon. I don’t have to do the cooking.
It’s often reduced to gotta /ˈgɒtə/ when we speak,
especially in American English. A B C
I’ve got to go now. Bye! I go to work.
My parents have to get up early.
Grammar Reference 4.1 p140 My mother has to go shopping.
My father don’t have to clean my room.
My sister doesn’t have to do the cooking.
My brother had to take out the rubbish.
My grandparents didn’t have to do the washing.
My husband/wife do the washing-up.
Compare your sentences with a partner.

3 Complete the sentences with ’ve got to/’s got to and a line
from C in exercise 2.
1 Where’s my briefcase? I .
2 Look at those dirty plates! We .
3 Noor and Latifa don’t have any food in their house.
They .
4 John needs to get an alarm clock. He
tomorrow.
5 I haven’t got any clean socks. I .
6 The chef’s ill, so the waiter .
T 4.3 Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences.
4 Work in groups. Talk about your college.
• What are/were you allowed to do?
• What aren’t/weren’t you allowed to do?
Unit 4 . Doing the right thing 31

Signs Planning a Trip
5 What do these signs mean? Use have to/don’t have to, should and must
can/can’t, or (not) be allowed to.
1 T 4.4 Antony and his friend George are going to
1 5 travel around Asia. Listen to them talking about their
trip. What two decisions do they make?
2 6
3 7
2 Practise the conversation.

A I can’t stop thinking about this trip.

G Same here. I spend all my time just looking at maps.
4 A What do you think? Should we take cash or
8
traveller’s cheques?
G I think we should take traveller’s cheques. It’ll be safer.
A Yeah, I think you’re right.
G When should we go to Thailand?
9 A Well, I don’t think we should go during the rainy
No mobile phones season. I’d rather go in February or March, when it’s
drier.
G Sounds like a good idea to me. I can’t wait to get going!
What do you think?
Is it the same in your country?
In Britain …
• you can get married when you’re 16.
• you have to wear a seat-belt in a car.
• you can drive a car when you’re 17.
• young people don’t have to do military service.
• there are lots of public places where you aren’t allowed
to smoke.

Practice
Suggestions and rules
1 Make suggestions. Use I think/don’t think … should.
3 Match a line in A with a sentence in B to make more
1 Hassan’s got the flu.
suggestions. Use I think/don’t think we should …
I think he should go to bed. I don’t think he should go to work.
I think we should buy some guidebooks. They’ll give us a lot of
2 I’ve lost my cheque book and credit cards.
information.
3 Samir got his driving licence last week, and now he
A B wants to drive from Bahrain to Abu Dhabi.
4 My teenage son doesn’t get out of bed until noon.
1 . . . buy some guidebooks. Our bags will be too heavy 5 I never have any money!
2 . . . take plenty of suncream. to carry. 6 Jane and Paul are only 16, but they want to leave school.
3 . . . pack too many clothes. I have some friends there.
7 I’m really fed up with my job.
4 . . . take anything valuable. We don’t want to get ill.
8 My grandparents complain they don’t go out enough.
5 . . . go to Japan first. It’ll be really hot.
6 . . . go anywhere dangerous. That would be really stupid. Do you have any problems? Ask the class for advice.
7 . . . have some vaccinations. They’ll give us a lot of
information. 2 Write some rules for your school.
We might lose it. Students must arrive for lessons on time.
4 T 4.5 Listen to Antony and his grandmother. A new job

She is worried about the boys’ trip.
3 T 4.7 Dave is about to start a new job.
Grandmother You must write to us every week! Listen to him talking to the manager.
Antony Yes, I will. What’s the job?
Grandmother You mustn’t lose your passport!
Antony No, I won’t. 4 Work with a partner. Choose a job.
Then ask and answer questions about the
Work with a partner. Make similar conversations responsibilities, hours, breaks, etc.
between Antony and his grandmother. Use the prompts Student A You are going to start the
and must /mustn’t. job next week.
• look after your money Student B You are the boss.
• talk to strangers
• go out when it’s dark What time do I have to start?
• make sure you eat well
• have a bath regularly Do I have to wear a uniform?
• phone us if you’re in trouble
• go anywhere that’s dangerous When can I take a break?
Check it
Grammar spot
5 Correct these sentences.
1 Look at the sentences below.
1 Do you can help me?
We should take traveller’s cheques.
2 What time have you to start work?
You must look after your money.
3 We no allowed to wear jeans at school.
Which sentence expresses strong obligation? 4 We no can do what we want.
Which sentence expresses a suggestion? 5 My mother have to work very hard six days a week.
2 What type of verb are should and must? 6 You no should smoke. It’s bad for your health.
Grammar Reference 4.2 p140 7 Passengers must to have a ticket.
WRITING: For and against

Go to p108

Reading AND SPEAKING
How to behave abroad
1 Are these statements true (✓) or false (✗) for people in your
country?
1 When we meet someone for the first time, we shake hands.
2 Friends kiss on both cheeks when they meet or when they
say goodbye.
3 We often invite people to our home for a meal.
4 If you have arranged to do something with friends, it’s OK
to be a little late.
5 You shouldn’t yawn in public.
6 We call most people by their first names.
2 Read the text A World Guide to Good Manners. These lines have
been taken out of the text. Where do they go?
a many people prefer not to discuss business while eating
b some businesses close in the early afternoon for a couple
of hours
c for greeting, eating, or drinking
d the deeper you should bow
e should wear long-sleeved blouses and skirts below the knee
1 What nationality do you think the people in the pictures are?
2 What are the two differences between the American and the
Japanese greeting?
3 List some of the clothes you think women shouldn’t wear in
Asian countries.
4 Is your main meal of the day the same as in Italy or Spain?
5 In which countries do they prefer not to discuss business
during meals?
6 What are some of the rules about business cards?
7 Why is it not a good idea to say to your Japanese business
colleagues, ‘I don’t feel like staying out late tonight.’?
8 Which Extra Tips are about food and drink? Which ones
are about general behaviour?
What do you think?

Discuss these questions in groups.
• There is a saying in English: ‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do.’ What does
it mean? Do you agree? Do you have a similar saying in your language?
• Think of one or two examples of bad manners in your country. For example,
in Britain it is considered impolite to ask people how much they earn.
• What advice would you give somebody coming to live and work in your
country?

A world guide to
Good
How
Manners
to behave badly abroad
not
by Norman Ramshaw
Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a
global village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.
• Greetings
How should you behave when you
you might have a business lunch and
do business as you eat. In Mexico and Extra tips
meet someone for the first time? An Japan, (3) . Lunch is a time to relax
American or Canadian shakes your hand and socialize. In Britain and the United Here are some extra tips
firmly while looking you straight in the States, it’s not unusual to have a before you travel:
eyes. In many parts of Asia, there is no business meeting over breakfast, and
physical contact at all. In Japan, you in China it’s common to have business • In France, you shouldn’t sit
should bow, and the more respect you banquets, but you shouldn’t discuss down in a café until you’ve
want to show, (1) . In Thailand, the business during the meal. shaken hands with everyone
greeting is made by pressing both hands
you know.
together at the chest and bowing your • Doing business
head slightly. In both countries, eye
In most countries, an exchange of • In India and the Middle East,
contact is avoided as a sign of respect.
business cards is essential for all you must never use the left
introductions. You should include your
• Clothes company name and your position. If
hand (5) .
Many countries have rules about what you are going to a country where your
you should and shouldn’t wear. In language is not widely spoken, you • In China, your host will keep
Asian countries, you shouldn’t reveal can get the reverse side of your card refilling your dish unless you
the body, especially women, who printed in the local language. In Japan, lay your chopsticks across
(2) . you must present your card with both your bowl.
In Japan, you should take off your shoes hands, with the writing facing the
when entering a house or a restaurant. person you are giving it to.
Remember to place them neatly
• Most South Americans and
In many countries, business hours are
together facing the door you came Mexicans like to stand very
from 9.00 or 10.00 to 5.00 or 6.00.
in. This is also true in China, Korea, close to the person they’re
However, in some countries, such as
Thailand, and Iran. Greece, Italy, and Spain, (4) then talking to. You shouldn’t back
remain open until the evening. away.
• Food and drink Japanese business people consider it
In Italy, Spain, and Latin America, their professional duty to go out to • In America, you should eat
lunch is often the biggest meal of the restaurants after work with colleagues. your burger with both hands and
day, and can last two or three hours. If you are invited, you shouldn’t refuse, as quickly as possible!
For this reason many people eat a light even if you don’t feel like staying out
breakfast and a late dinner. In Britain, late.

Vocabulary Listening and speaking
Nationality words Come round to my place!
1 Match a line in A with a line in B. 1 Have you ever been a guest in someone’s home in a foreign
Notice the stress. country? When? Why? What was different?
A B 2 T 4.9 You will hear three people talking about inviting guests
home for a meal. Listen and complete the chart.
The I'talians cook lots of noodles and rice.
The Chi'nese wear kilts on special occasions.
The 'British produce coffee.
The Ca'nadians eat raw fish.
The Bra'zilians invented football.
The Japa'nese eat a lot of pasta.
The Scots often watch ice hockey on TV.
T 4.8 Listen and check. Akio Rob Lucas

Nagano, Japan Bristol, England Porto Alegre, Brazil
! 1 All nationality words have capital Formal/
Informal?
letters in English.
the Brazilians the Italians the British
2 If the adjective ends in /s/, /z/, /ʃ/,
or /tʃ/ there is no -s at the end of Day/Time
the word for the people.
Japanese the Japanese
Spanish the Spanish
3 Sometimes the word for the people is Preparations
different from the adjective.
Scottish the Scots
Finnish the Finns
Gifts
2 Complete the chart and mark the stress.
Add some more countries.
Country Adjective A sentence about
the people Food/Drink
'Italy I'talian The Italians love
pasta.
'Germany
Aus'tralia 3 Work in small groups. Compare information.
'Egypt
'Russia 4 What happens in your country? Is it usual to invite people
'Mexico to your home for a meal? What are such occasions like in
your home?
the U'nited
'States
'England

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Requests and offers
1 Match a line in A with a line in B. Who is talking? Where do you think

the conversations are taking place?
A B
1 Could you bring us the bill, please? White or black?
2 Would you give me your work number, please? No problem. It’s stuffy in here.
3 Can I help you? Of course. Oh, shall I give you my mobile number, too?
4 Two large coffees, please. That line’s engaged. Would you like to hold?
5 Can you tell me the code for Paris, please? Yes, sir. I’ll bring it right away.
6 I’ll give you a lift if you like. One moment. I’ll look it up.
7 Would you mind opening the window? Just looking, thanks.
8 Could I have extension 238, please? That would be great! Could you drop me off at the library?
2 T 4.10 Listen and check. Which are offers? Which are requests?
Practise the conversations, paying particular attention to intonation
and stress.
Grammar Reference 4.3 and 4.4 p141
3 T 4.11 Listen to the conversations. Complete the chart.

Who are they? What are they talking about?
1
2
3
4
T 4.11 Listen again. What are the words used to make the requests?
1 3
2 4
Roleplay
Work with a partner. Choose one of the situations and make up a
conversation using the words.
Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3

Student A You are a customer in Student A You are moving flat next Student A You are cooking a meal for
a restaurant. week. 20 people.
Student B You are a waiter/waitress. Student B Offer to help. Student B Offer to help.
Use these words: Use these words: Use these words:
• table near the window • pack boxes • prepare the vegetables
• menu • load the van • make the salad
• order • clean • stir the sauce
• clean fork • look after the plants • check the meat
• dessert • phone the gas board • lay the table
• bring the bill • unload the van

On the move
Future forms . The weather . Travelling around
STARTER
1 Match a sentence in A with a sentence in B. Underline the verb forms that refer to the future.
What is the difference between them?
A B
1 The phone’s ringing. I think it’s going to rain.
2 Look at those black clouds! Don’t worry! The course will be over soon.
3 What are you doing this evening? We might go to Alexandria, or we might go to Athens.
4 I’m sick and tired of studying! I’ll get it!
5 Where are you going on your holiday? I’m staying at home. I’m going to watch a DVD.
2 Answer the questions about you.

• What are you doing after class today? • What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow? • Where are you going on your next holiday?
BEN’s list
Future forms
1 Ben always writes a list at the beginning of the day.

Read his list. Where’s he going today?
What’s he going to do?
He’s going to the hairdresser’s.
He’s going to buy some sugar.
Things to do Things to buy
haircut sugar
petrol yoghurt
electricity bill - bank milk
tickets - travel agent tennis balls
library
visit Nick?
38 Unit 5 . On the move

2 T 5.1 Listen and complete the conversation between Grammar spot
Ben and Adam.
1 Look at the future forms in these sentences from the
B I’m going shopping. Do we need anything? conversation:
A I don’t think so. … Oh, hang on. We haven’t got It’s on my list. I’m going to buy some.
any sugar. Good idea! I’ll get a loaf.
B It’s OK. It’s on my list. I some. In each sentence when did Ben make his decision?
A What about bread? Before speaking, or at the moment of speaking?
B Good idea! I a loaf. 2 Which of these sentences expresses a future possibility,
A What time will you be back? which a prediction, and which a future arrangement?
B I don’t know. I might stop at Nick’s. It depends We’re playing tennis this afternoon.
on how much time I’ve got. I might stop at Nick’s.
I’ll be back before then.
A Don’t forget we tennis with Dave and
Stuart this afternoon. Grammar Reference 5.1 p141
B Don’t worry. I forget. I back
before then.
A OK.
Memorize the conversation. Close your books and

practise with a partner.
3 Adam also asks Ben to get these things.

• stamps
• two steaks
• some shampoo
• some batteries
• a newspaper
• a tin of white paint
• a DVD
Which shops will Ben go to? Work with a partner to

make conversations.
Can you get some stamps,

please?
OK. I’ll go to the post office.
And we need some …

Don’t forget …
Unit 5 . On the move 39

Practice
Discussing grammar What do you think will happen?
1 Work with a partner. Underline the correct verb form. 3 Make sentences using I think … will and the prompts
1 ‘Why are you putting on your coat?’ in A. Match them with a sentence in B.
‘Because I’ll take / I’m going to take the children for a I think Jerry will win the tennis match. He’s been playing really
walk.’ well lately.
2 ‘Would you like to go out for a meal this evening?’ A B
‘How about tomorrow evening? I’ll call / I’m calling you.’
1 Jerry/win the tennis match But we’d better get going.
3 ‘What’s the score?’
‘6–0. They’re going to lose / They’ll lose.’ 2 it/be a nice day tomorrow He’s been playing really
well lately.
4 ‘Tony graduated last week.’
‘Did he? I didn’t know. I’ll send / I’m going to send 3 I/pass my exam on Friday The forecast is for warm and
him a card.’ dry weather.
4 you/like the book You have the right qualifications
5 ‘Are Sue and Alan engaged?’
and plenty of experience.
‘Oh yes, they’ll get / they’re getting married in June.’
5 we/get to the airport It’s a wonderful story, and
6 ‘Where are you going on holiday this year?’
in time the characters are excellent.
‘We haven’t decided. We might go / We’re going
to Italy.’ 6 you/get the job I’ve been studying for weeks.
What’s going to happen? T 5.3 Listen and check. Practise saying them.
2 T 5.2 Listen to three short conversations. Say what is 4 Make sentences using I don’t think … will and the
going to happen. prompts in A in exercise 3. Match them with a sentence
in C.
They’re going to catch a plane.
I don’t think Jerry will win the tennis match. He hasn’t practised
for weeks.
C
There’s too much traffic.
I haven’t studied at all.
The forecast said rainy and windy.
He hasn’t practised for weeks.
They’re looking for someone with more experience.
It’s a bit boring.
T 5.4 Listen and check. Practise saying them.
Talking about you

5 Make true sentences about you starting with I think …
or I don’t think … .
1 I / use the computer tonight
2 the teacher / give us a lot of homework
3 I / eat out tonight
4 it / rain tomorrow
5 I / go shopping this afternoon
6 my brother / be a millionaire one day
7 we / have an exam this week

Arranging to meet
6 T 5.5 Peter and Jeff are arranging to meet over the 7 It is Wednesday morning. Fill in your diary for the next
next few days. What plans do they already have? Listen few days. What are you doing? When are you free?
and complete the chart. Where and what time do they
arrange to meet?
Wednesday
morning
afternoon
evening
Thursday
morning
afternoon
evening
Friday
Peter Jeff morning
WEDNESday
afternoon
morning
afternoon
evening
evening
THURSday
morning
afternoon
evening 8 With a partner, think of a reason to get together. Arrange
a day, time, and place to meet.
What are you doing this afternoon?
I’m going swimming.
What are you doing on Thursday morning?
I might see some friends in town.
When you have finished, tell the class when and where
you’re meeting.
We’re meeting on Thursday morning at the mall. We’re going to . . .

Reading and speaking 3 Read the article and the brochure on p43.
Which questions from exercise 2 can you
Hotels with a difference answer? With a partner, answer these
questions.
• What is Kevin’s job?
• Why does he take working holidays?
• What is his idea of a perfect holiday?
• Why does he spend his holidays at home?
• Animals are mentioned. Which ones, and why?
4 Complete the chart about Kevin’s trips to
Canada and Dubai.
Canada Dubai
Which hotel is
he staying at?
How long is he
staying there?
What’s special
about the hotel
and his room?
What’s he going
to do there?
5 Work with a partner. Look again at the

brochure for the Baobab Rivers Lodge.
Ask and answer questions about Kevin’s
trip there.
Language work
Find words or expressions in the text with
similar meanings.
My ideal holiday
1 doing nothing lazing
2 stopping to look around in
3 I’m very interested in
4 move around without any hurry
My business holidays
5 in an exciting and impressive way
6 things that should not be missed
What do you think?

• Do you know any unusual holiday
destinations?
• In your opinion, what is the ideal holiday?
• Where are you going for your next holiday?
WRITING: Making a reservation

Go to p1 09

My kind of holiday
He travels for his job, but when it’s his own
holiday, Kevin Saunders stays at home.
Kevin Saunders has his own travel agency in Mayfair, London
that sends people all over the world on their dream holidays.
He needs to know where he’s sending them, so he goes on
working holidays four or five times a year.
“
My ideal holiday perfumes, and spices, but what I want is some
My ideal holiday has a little bit of gold jewellery for my mother.) I’m also going to
everything. I like lazing on a beach visit the camel races.
with a pile of books, but then I get bored and The next trip, different again, is to Baobab
I need to do something. I like exploring new Rivers, in Selous, Tanzania, for a seven-day
places, especially on foot, and nosing around in safari and I’m looking forward to a visit to my
shops, museums, and restaurants. I’m very favourite resort spas where I can get a total
into trying local foods. rejumination. I also enjoy the different foods I
However, I must confess that my favourite get to eat on my trips and am an avid collector of
‘holiday resort’ is home. I travel so much in cooking secrets. I like to photograph the various AFRICA | HOTELS 33
my job that just waking up in my own bed is chefs and their indiginous indredients
heaven. I potter around the house in my The Baobab Rivers Lodge
pyjamas, read the paper, do some gardening, My childhood
in Seloholidays
us, Tanzania
shop for some food, then make a delicious When I was a child, our family used to take our
meal in the evening and watch TV. – so remo
summer holidays te, you
at national arrive
parks, by boat!
especially in
the western US. Every year, we’d pick a different
My business holidays park to go camping in: Yellowstone, Olympic,
I have three trips coming up. I’m looking and, of course, the Grand Canyon. Maybe that’s
forward to going to Canada soon, where I’m where I got my taste for exploring. There were
staying for four nights at the Ice Hotel. This always plenty of trails for hiking – nd sometimes
is a giant igloo situated in Montmorency Fall climbing. My dad taught me to rock climb, and
Park, just 20 minutes from downtown Quebec. I’ve always loved it. I think my favorite was
It is made from 4,500 tons of snow and 250 Olympic National Park in the Pacific Northwest,
tons of ice, and it takes 5 weeks to build. not only because it had beautiful forests and
It will stay open for three months. When the wilderness areas, but also because it had miles
spring arrives, it will melt. Then it will be and miles of Pacific coastline, so you could
built again for next year – maybe in a different actually walk along the shore. When the tide was
place! Each room is supplied with a sleeping out you could see footprints of birds, as well as
bag made from deer skins. The hotel has an bears, deer, and raccoons!
ice café, ice sculptures, and all the furniture is The next trip, different again, is to Sand
made of ice. Rivers, in Selous, Tanzania, for a seven-day
In complete contrast to the Ice Hotel, I’m WHA
safari and I’m T TO S
looki EE
ng forwardEach
to atree-top
delayedroom
visit has
to views over
going to Dubai the following month, to stay my favorite. the vast forested banks of the Rufiji
a few days at the spectacular Burj al-Arab, River, which runs through one of the
which means the Arabian Tower. It’s shaped largest game reserves in Africa
like a giant sail, and it rises dramatically out WHAT TO DO Safari by Land Rover in search of
of the beautiful blue water. Each room has sea elephants, rhinos, and lions; or by
views. I really want to try the restaurant in the boat along the Rufiji River in search
tube at the top next to the helipad. Other of crocodiles, hippos, and rare birds
must-dos include shopping in the markets,
called souks. (You can buy designer clothes,
43
Everyday English
Travelling around
1 Here are some lines from conversations

on different kinds of transport. Where
does each conversation take place?
Choose from the box.
car bus taxi underground
train plane ferry
1 Do you think it’ll be a rough crossing?

2 Excuse me, I think those seats facing
the front are ours.
3 We’re going to Market Street. Could
you tell us when it’s our stop?
4 Can you take us to the airport?
5 Can I take these bags on with me?
6 That’s all right. You can keep the 2 Match a line from exercise 1 with a reply.
change.
7 Excuse me, are we landing on time? a Look! You drive and I’ll give directions from now on! Right?
8 No, no! He said turn left at the lights, b Of course. Hop in!
not right! c I’m sorry. Only one item of hand luggage per passenger.
9 How do I get to Oxford Circus? d Oh, I’m sorry. We didn’t know they were reserved.
e Yes. We’re beginning our descent soon.
f Well, the forecast is good, so it should be pretty smooth.
g Just sit near the front and I’ll call it out.
h Take the Piccadilly Line, eastbound, and change at Green Park.
i Thanks a lot. Do you want a hand with those bags?
Roleplay
Work with a partner. You are in a hotel.
Student A You are the receptionist.
Student B You are a guest.
The guest has several requests, and calls the front desk from his / her
room. Use these situations. Change roles after three conversations.
• There are no towels in the room.
• You’d like some coffee and a sandwich in your room.
• You want the telephone number of the bus station.
• You want the front desk to recommend a good place to eat.
• You can’t get the television to work.
• You want a wake-up call at 7.00 in the morning.
• You want to order a taxi to take you to the airport.
Can I help you?

Yes, there are no towels in my room.
Could you send some up, please?
Certainly. I’ll take care of it right away.

Thanks. Bye.

I just love it!
like . Verb patterns . Describing food, towns, and people . Signs and sounds
starter
1 Complete these sentences about you.
1 I look just like my . . . 3 On Fridays, I like . . . 5 When I’m on holiday, I enjoy . . .
2 I like my coffee . . . 4 After this class, I’d like to . . . 6 Yesterday evening, I decided to . . .
2 Tell the class some of the things you wrote.
A STUDENT VISITOR
Questions with like
1 Many students go to study abroad in a foreign country. Do you know anyone who has
studied abroad? What is a student exchange program?
2 Steven and his friend Nick in Melbourne, Australia, are talking about a student who is on an
exchange program from South Korea. Complete the conversation using these questions.
What does he like doing? How is he now? What’s he like?

What does he look like? What would he like to do?
Nick Has your exchange student arrived Nick Oh, I think I saw him.
yet? (3)
Steven
Yes, he arrived from Seoul on Steven He’s quite tall and slim, and he’s got
Monday. short dark hair.
Nick What’s his name? Nick Yes, I think it was him. Well, why
don’t we do something with Ji-Hun
Steven Ji-Hun.
this weekend? What should we do? Get
Nick Cool. That’s not too difficult to a pizza? Go and watch some cricket?
pronounce! (1) (4)
Steven
He’s really nice. I’m sure we’ll get on Steven I’ll ask him tonight. I’m sure he’ll want
well. We seem to have a lot in common. to go out and keep busy. He was pretty
Nick How do you know that already? homesick at first.
(2) Nick (5)
Steven
Well, he likes photography, and so Steven Oh, he’s OK now. He called his parents
do I. And we both like running, but a couple of times and felt much better
he’s a bit more serious about it than after speaking to them.
me. He went out for a run last night. Nick Great. Well, I can’t wait to meet him.
T 6.1 Listen and check. Practise the conversation with a partner.
46 Unit 6 . I just love it!

Grammar spot PRACTICE
1 Write a question from exercise 2 next to the correct definition. Talking about you
Question Definition 1 Ask and answer with a partner.
a = Tell me about him because I don’t know • What do you like doing at the weekend?
anything about him.
• Who do you look like in your family?
b = Tell me about his physical appearance. • How are your parents and grandparents?
c = Tell me about his interests and hobbies. • What is your best friend like?
d = Tell me about his preferences for tomorrow • What’s your college like?
evening.
e = Tell me about his health or happiness. Listening and asking questions
2 Which questions use like as a verb? Which questions use like as 2 T 6.2 Listen and tick (✓) the question
a preposition?
each person is answering.
Grammar Reference 6.1–6.3 pp142–143 1 Do you like Thai food?
What’s Thai food like?
2 Who does Bridget look like?
What’s Bridget like?
3 How’s your brother?
What’s your brother like?
4 What does she like?
What does she look like?
5 What’s the weather like there?
Do you like the weather there?
6 What does he look like?
What’s he like?
7 What do you like doing on holiday?
What was your holiday like?
8 What kind of books do you like?
What kind of books would you like?
Unit 6 . I just love it! 47

A THANK-YOU EMAIL
Verb patterns
Ji-Hun has returned home to Seoul. Read his email and choose
the correct verb form.
From: Ji-Hun
Subject: Hello from Ji-Hun
Date: 15 December
To: stevendavidson@lightspeed.net
Attachment: Home.jpg, Instructor.jpg
Hi Steven and family!
I just wanted (1) to say / saying thank you for (2) to have / having me as
your guest in your beautiful home. I had a great time. I really enjoyed
(3) meeting / to meet your friends. You all made me (4) feel / to feel so
welcome. You know how much I missed my family at first, but you were so
kind that I soon stopped (5) to feel / feeling homesick. I can’t find the words
to tell you how grateful I am. I’d like (6) to call / calling you. What’s a good
time to call?
You know that on my way home I stopped (7) to visit / visiting my aunt in
Perth. It was so hot! It was over 35 degrees all the time but I absolutely
loved it. My aunt wanted (8) that I stay / me to stay longer, but I wanted
(9) to see / seeing my parents and my sister, Se-Won. But my aunt has
invited me (10) to go / going back and I’d love (11) to do / to doing that.
I’m thinking of (12) go / going next year.
Anyway, I’m looking forward to (13) hear / hearing from you very soon.
‘Let me (14) to know / know when you’re coming to Seoul.
I could take you to my Tae Kwan Do class. It’s a bit like karate,
but you use your legs to kick more!
All the best,

Ji-Hun
P.S. Here’s a photo of my house. And one of my Tae Kwan Do

teacher – he’s more friendly than he looks in the photo!

Grammar spot PRACTICE
Verb patterns What’s the pattern?
1 Complete these examples from Ji-Hun’s 1 Write the examples from Ji-Hun’s email in the chart.
email.
a I really enjoyed your friends. verb verb + to verb + sb + to verb + sb preposition
b I just wanted thank + -ing + infinitive + infinitive + infinitive (no to) + -ing
you. enjoyed
c My aunt wanted meeting
longer.
d You all made so
welcome.
e Thank you me as
your guest.
2 Match a sentence with a picture.
1 They stopped to talk to each other.
2 They stopped talking to each other.
a
2 T 6.4 Listen to the sentences. Write each verb in the correct column
in exercise 1.
promise succeed in let

tell ask help
b
finish need hate
forget don’t mind look forward to
Check your answers on p158.
Discussing grammar
3 In these sentences, two verbs are correct and one is not. Tick (3) the
correct verbs.
hat’s the difference in meaning
W
between sentences 1 and 2? 1 My father to fix my computer.
3 Complete these examples from the letter. a ✓ promised b couldn’t c ✓ tried
I soon stopped homesick. 2 She her son to turn down his TV.
I stopped my aunt. a asked b wanted c made
Verb patterns p158 3 I going on long walks.
a refuse b can’t stand c love
4 We to go shopping.
a need b ’d love c enjoy
5 She me do the cooking.
a wanted b made c helped
6 I working for the bank 20 years ago.
a started b stopped c decided
4 Make correct sentences using the other verbs in exercise 3.
My father couldn’t fix my computer.

READING AND SPEAKING
The world’s favourite food
1 Do you know any typical dishes from these countries?

Discuss with the class.
• Spain • Japan • Mexico
• Italy • Libya • the United States
• Iran • China • England
Can you think of any foods that might be popular in all of the
countries above?
2 Which of these are fish or seafood?
oil garlic anchovies eel squid lobster salmon
peas prawn pineapple olive tuna sweetcorn
T 6.5 Listen and repeat.

3 Work in groups. Read the text quickly and find the foods in exercise 2.
How many other foods can you find?
4 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 What are the similarities and differences between the burger and
the pizza?
2 What year was pizza invented?
3 Which came first, picea or plakuntos? How are they different
from pizza?
4 Why are Mexico and Peru important in the development of pizza?
5 What do the Italian flag and a Pizza Margherita have in common?
6 When and how did pizza become really popular in the
United States?
5 Work in groups. Read Pizza Trivia again and make questions.
How many . . . ? How much . . . ? Which month . . . ?
Where and when . . . ? Which toppings . . . ?
Close your books. Ask and answer questions.
What do you think?

• Which facts in Pizza Trivia do you find most interesting? Why?
• Why do different countries prefer such different toppings?
• Do you like pizza? What are your favourite toppings?
• What are the most popular places to eat in your country? Why?
• What is your favourite place to eat?
Language work
Study the text and find an example of:
• like used as a verb
• like used as a preposition
• verb + -ing form
• verb + infinitive
• adjective + infinitive

GLoBAL PIZZA by Connie Odone
So you thought the burger was the world’s most popular fast food? In fact, there is another
truly universal fast food, the ultimate fast food. It’s easy to make, easy to serve, much
more varied than the burger, can be eaten with the hands, and it’s delivered to your front door
or served in fancy restaurants. It’s been one of America’s favourite foods for over 50 years.
It is, of course, the pizza.
A Brief history of pizza green basil leaves. The Queen loved it and the new
pizza was named ‘Pizza Margherita’ in her honour.
It’s kind of silly to talk about the moment when pizza
was ‘invented’. It gradually evolved over the years, but Pizza migrated to America with the Italians at the end of
one thing’s for certain – it’s been around for a very the nineteenth century. The first pizzeria in the United
long time. The idea of using pieces of flat, round bread States was opened in 1905 at 53½ Spring Street, New
as plates came from the Greeks. They called them York City, by Gennaro Lombardi. But the popularity of
‘plakuntos’ and ate them with various simple toppings pizza really exploded when American soldiers returned
such as oil, garlic, onions, and herbs. The Romans from Italy after World War II and raved about ‘that great
enjoyed eating something similar and called it ‘picea’. Italian dish’. Americans are now the greatest producers
By about 1000 A.D. in the city of Naples, ‘picea’ had and consumers of pizza in the world.
become ‘pizza’ and people were experimenting with
more toppings: cheese, meat, anchovies, and finally
the tomato, brought to Italy from Mexico and Peru in
pizza
the sixteenth century. Naples became the pizza capital
of the world. In 1889, King Umberto I and Queen
TRIVIA
Margherita heard about pizza and
asked to try it. They invited pizza maker, Raffaele
Esposito, to make it for them. He decided to
make the pizza like the Italian flag, so he used
red tomatoes, white mozzarella cheese, and a per second.
1 Americans eat 350 slices of pizz
in the United States.
2 There are over 60,000 pizzerias
ustry.
3 Pizza is a $36 billion per year ind
in the United States.
4 October is national pizza month
ica Pizzeria Port’Alba,
5 The world’s first pizzeria, the Ant0, is still there.
which opened in Naples in 183
rants and takeaway
6 Pizza Hut has over 34,000 restau
outlets in over 100 countries.
st favourite
7 In America, anchovies is the lea
topping.
are favourites.
8 In Japan, eel, lobster and squid .
In Russia it’s salmon and onions
their pizza.
9 In Brazil, they like green peas onwn and
In Australia the favour ites are pra
pineapple.
on
10 The French love crème fraîche tuna and sweetcorn.
theirs. The English love olives,

VOCABULARY LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Adjectives for food, cities, and people New York and London
1 In each group, four of the adjectives cannot go with the noun. 1 Write down what you know about
Which ones? New York and London. Compare your
lists. Has anyone been to either city?
fresh delicious tasteless
junk fast
plain
disgusting disgusted FOOD vegetarian
tasteful
frozen home-grown wealthy

rich starving
excited ancient university

exciting home young
polluted
capital CITY modern busy
antique industrial agricultural
cosmopolitan historic small
young sophisticated elderly antique

long shy
expensive
bored boring
PEOPLE rude
starving
outgoing tall
wealthy sociable crowded
2 Complete the conversations with adjectives from exercise 1.

1 A You’re such a good cook. This casserole is absolutely d .
B Thank you. It’s just a p dish, no herbs and spices at all,
but lots of f , h vegetables.
2 A Don’t you like anchovies?
B I’m afraid I don’t eat fish or meat. I’m v .
3 A What’s Tom’s brother like?
B Well, he’s really nice but he doesn’t talk much. I think he’s
very s He’s not s and o like Tom.
A I know. Tom’s great fun, isn’t he? Always laughing and talking.
4 A George’s wife is French, isn’t she? 2 Work in two groups.
B Yes, she is. She’s beautiful, very tall and s and she always
wears really e clothes. Group A T 6.7 Listen to Justin and
A Then it’s a good job George is such a w man, isn’t it? Cinda who are English but live and work
in New York.
5 A Did you have a good time in Paris?
Group B T 6.8 Listen to Alan, an
B We had a great time. It’s one of my favourite c cities.
American, who lives and works in
It’s both m and h .
London.
A It is, but I don’t think it’s as c as London.
B Maybe not, but it’s just as e . There’s so much to do. What do they say about these things?
• people • work/holidays • shops
T 6.6 Listen and check. Practise the conversations in pairs. • places • getting around • food
Talking about you 3 Find a partner from the other group.

Compare your information.
3 Work with a partner. Look at p153.
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Signs and sounds
2 Where would you hear these things?
Coming up next – traffic,

news, and the weather. Please listen carefully to the
following options. To purchase
tickets, press one . . .
Please place your tray tables in their

fully upright and locked positions.
Just looking, thanks.

How would you
like the money?
We apologize for the delay
WRITING: A description (1) to this flight.
Go to p110

Just the job!
Present Perfect active and passive . Phrasal verbs . On the phone
starter
1 Answer these questions about you.
1 What do you do? 4 Which foreign countries have you been to?
2 How long have you had your present job? 5 When and why did you go there?
3 What did you do before that?
2 Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Tell the class about your partner.
Mosaad is a student. He’s been at King Abdulaziz University for …
Before that he was …
3 What tenses are used in the questions?
THE JOB INTERVIEW

Present Perfect
1 Read the job advertisement. Would you like this job? Do you have any of the qualifications?
Worldwatch Europe WW e
Business Journalist
This international business magazine, with 1,000,000
readers worldwide, is seeking a journalist, based in
Geneva, to cover business news in Europe.
Requirements:
• a master’s degree in journalism
• at least two years’ experience in business journalism
• fluent in French and German. If possible, some knowledge
of Spanish
• excellent communication skills
• international travel experience is a plus
Please email CV and covering letter to:

David.Benton@worldwatcheurope.com
Job reference: 009BJ
Visit us on the web: http://www.worldwatcheurope.com
54 Unit 7 . Just the job!

2 T 7.1 Listen to Nigel Watson being interviewed for the job.
Do you think she will get it? Why/Why not?
3 Read the first part of Nigel’s interview. Complete the 4 Read and complete the second part of the interview.
sentences with do, did, or have.
D As you know, this job is based in Geneva.
D Who you work for now, Nigel? you lived abroad before?
N I work for Intertec Publishing. We publish N Oh yes. Yes, I .
international business magazines. D And when you abroad?
D I see. And how long you worked for them? N Well, in fact, I born in Argentina
N I worked there for nearly five years. and I there until I was eleven. Also,
No, exactly five years. I lived in Berlin for one year, when I
D And how long you been in charge of working for the BBC.
Eastern Europe publications? D That’s interesting. you
N For two years. a lot?
D And what you do before you were at N Oh yes, yes, absolutely. I
Intertec? to most countries in South America and many
N I worked for the BBC World Service. countries in Europe. I also
to Japan a few times.
T 7.1 Listen again and check. D Oh yes? And why you to
Japan?
Grammar spot N It was for Intertec. I there to
interview some Japanese business leaders.
1 Does Nigel still work for Intertec? Does he still work for
the BBC? T 7.2 Listen and check.
2 Nigel says:
I work for Intertec Publishing.
I’ve worked there for nearly five years.
I worked for the BBC World Service.
What are the different tenses? Why are they used? WRITING: An email of application
Grammar Reference 7.1 and 7.2 pp143–144 Go to p112
Unit 7 . Just the job! 55

PRACTICE IT’S IN THE NEWS
Life stories Present Perfect active and passive
1 Here are some more events from Nigel’s life. Match a line in A with a
time expression in B to tell his life story. 1 Read the newspaper headlines. Check any
new words.
A B
1 He was born for the last five years. Dangerous prisoner escapes
2 He went to school in Buenos Aires five years ago.
3 He studied modern languages until he was eleven.
and journalism while he was working for the BBC.
4 He’s worked for Intertec twice.
5 He left the BBC yet.
6 He lived in Berlin for three years at University
7 He’s been married College, London.
8 He’s visited Japan in Argentina in 1969.
9 He hasn’t heard if he got the job a few times.
at Worldwatch Europe
Novelists awarded Nobel Prize
T 7.3 Listen and check. Then tell Nigel’s life story to a partner.
2 Make a similar chart for your own life. Ask your partner to match the
events and the times to tell the story of your life.
Talking about you

3 Complete the sentences about you.
1 I’ve known my best friend for … Hurricane hits Caribbean
2 I’ve been at this school since …
3 I haven’t learned to … yet.
4 I’ve never …
5 My mother/father has never …
6 I started … ago.
7 I’ve lived in … since …
8 I went to … when I was a child.
Car workers laid off
Have you ever ... ?
4 These verbs are all irregular. What is the
Past Simple and past participle?
go write drive lose have read ride sleep be eat win meet
Irregular verbs p157

5 Work with a partner. Choose from the list below and have
conversations.
LEWIS KNOCKED OUT
• go/California?
• drive/a lorry?
• sleep/in the open air?
• meet/anyone famous?
• win/an award?
• ride/a motorcycle? IN 5TH ROUND
• be/on TV? • have/an operation? • read/a book in English?
• lose/your job? • eat/Indian food? • write/a poem?
A Have you ever been to California?

B Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. I’ve never been there.
A When did you go there?
B Two years ago. I went there on business.
Tell the class about your partner.

PRACTICE
Writing news stories
2 T 7.4 Read and listen to the TV news headlines of 1 Here are some more headlines from newspapers.
the same stories. Complete the sentences with the words Make them into TV news headlines.
you hear.
1 Dangerous prisoner recaptured
The murderer Charles Watkins has been recaptured by police.
1
CHANNEL
2 Cruise ship sinks near Florida
3 Famous writer leaves £3 million to local charity
‘The News’ transcript––ref:23012003jmf
4 Priceless vase stolen from Madrid museum
Here are today’s news headlines. 5 Floods kill 20, 200 more left homeless
Convicted murderer Charles Watkins 6 15-year-old student to study at Oxford University
(1) has escaped from Belmarsh Prison
7 Company Director forced to resign
in South London. Two Spanish novelists
(2) the Nobel Prize for 8 Runner fails drugs test
literature. Hurricane Jeffrey T 7.5 Listen and compare.
(3) the Caribbean, causing 2 What’s in the news today? What national or
widespread damage in Puerto Rico. Two international stories do you know?
thousand workers from a UK car factory
Discussing grammar
(4) due to a slowdown in
the economy. Desmond Lewis 3 Discuss where the words in the box can go in these
(5) in the fifth round of sentences. There are several possibilities.
his heavyweight championship fight in just yet already ever never
Las Vegas. 1 I’ve washed my hair.
2 Have you played basketball?
3 He hasn’t learned to drive.
Grammar spot 4 They’ve finished the exercise.
1 Which of these questions can you answer? Which can’t 5 She’s learned a foreign language.
you answer? Why? 6 We’ve met your teacher.
7 Have they finished doing the washing-up?
1 Who has escaped from jail? 8 Has it stopped raining?
2 Who has awarded the novelists the Nobel Prize?
3 What has hit the Caribbean? 4 Work with a partner. Underline the correct verb form.
4 Who has laid off the workers? 1 The President has resigned / has been resigned and a
5 Who has knocked out Desmond Lewis? new president has elected / has been elected.
2 Which sentences in exercise 2 are active? 2 His resignation announced / was announced yesterday
Which are passive? on television.
Grammar Reference 7.3 p144 3 ‘Where did you go / have you gone on your last
holiday?’ ‘To Malaysia. It was fabulous.’
4 ‘Did Abdullah ever go / Has Abdullah ever been to
Indonesia?’
‘Oh, yes. Five times.’
5 The plane took off / has taken off a few minutes ago.
6 A huge snowstorm has hit / has been hit Toronto.
Over 40cm of snow fell / has fallen over the past
twelve hours. Residents have advised / have been
advised to stay at home.

VOCABULARY Literal or idiomatic?
Phrasal verbs 1 In these pairs of sentences, one meaning of the phrasal verb is literal
and the other is idiomatic. Say which is which.
1 a The plane has just taken off.
! 1 There are many examples of phrasal
verbs in the reading texts on p58–59. b Please take off your coat and sit down.
I came across an ad . . . 2 a Oh, no! The lights have gone out again.
It’s exciting to end up in different cities . . . b If you go out, take an umbrella. It’s going to rain.
2 Some phrasal verbs are literal and some 3 a (On the phone) Hello? Hello? I can’t hear you. I think we’ve
are idiomatic. been cut off.
Literal b She cut off a big piece of meat and put it in the pot.
She looked out of the window at the 4 a She looked up and smiled.
sunset. b I looked up the word in the dictionary.
Idiomatic 5 a Can you pick up my pen for me? It’s under your chair.
Look out! That car’s going to hit you! b I picked up some Arabic when I was working in Riyadh.
Separable or inseparable?
2 Replace the words in italics with a pronoun.
Lookrun
out!
out of
1
2
3
4
He turned on the light. He turned it on.
I’m looking for my glasses. I’m looking for them.
She’s taken off her boots.
He took up golf when he retired.
cutLooked
offup
5 I get on well with my parents.
6 I came across the ad.
7 I looked up the words in my dictionary.
8 The waiter took away the dirty plates.
Verbs with two particles
pick up Go out 3 Complete each pair of sentences below with one of the phrasal verbs
from the box.
turn on
get on with put up with run out of
looking forward to come up with
t he noise from your
took off 1
How do you manage to
Most parents won’t
neighbours?
bad behaviour from
put up with their children.
get on
look forward to
2
3
I’m broke. I have to
We need to
Has the photocopier

The children always
an idea for making money.
a solution to this problem.
paper again?
school as soon as the bell rings.
took away How well do you your colleagues?
take off
4 our work quietly.
Our teacher told us to
She’s going on holiday.

5 We’re meeting you very much.
come up with
In which pairs of sentences is the meaning of the phrasal verb different?

LISTENING AND SPEAKING EVERYDAY ENGLISH
The busy life of a retired man On the phone
1 Work in groups and discuss the questions.

• Is anyone in your family retired? Who?
• What job did they do before retiring?
• How old were they when they retired? How
long have they been retired?
• What do they do now?
2 T 7.6 Listen to Thomas Wilson and his
grandson, Philip, talking.
1 Complete the conversations with phrases from the box.

I’ll give it to hold I’m phoning line’s busy Speaking
leave a message speak to we’ll get back to you This is
phone back later take a message I’m afraid have extension
putting you through take your call at her desk
1 A Could I speak to Alison Short?

Who do you think is happier, Thomas or B I’m afraid she isn’t at the moment. Do you
Philip? Why? want to hold?
3 Underline the correct verb form. Then A No, don’t worry. I’ll .
answer the questions. 2 A Can I 2173, please?
1 How long was he / has he been retired? B The at the moment. Would you like
2 How long did he work / has he worked ?
for Courtauld’s ? A Yes, please.
3 When did he go / has he gone to Wales? (Five seconds later.)
4 How long was he married / has he been B I’m now.
married ? A Thank you.
4 Answer the questions. 3 A Hello. Could I Sam Jackson, please?
1 Why does Thomas like playing golf? B Mr Jackson’s in a meeting. It won’t be over
2 Which countries has he visited since he until 3.00. Can I ?
retired? Where did he go two years ago? A Yes, please. Could you ask him to phone me? I think he’s got
3 Who are the following? my number, but to you again just in case.
• Keith • Kylie It’s 743 219186.
• Ted and Marjorie • Helen
4 A Can I speak to Terence Cameron, please?
4 What is the sad event that Thomas B .
mentions? A Ah, Mr Cameron! Holly Lucas.
5 What does Philip complain about? about a letter I got this morning.
What do you think? 5 A Hello. This is Incom International. There’s no one here to
• What is the usual retirement age for men at the moment. Please and
and women in your country? as soon as we can.
• What do you think is the best age to retire?
• When would you like to retire? T 7.7 Listen and check. Practise the conversations.
• What would you like to do when you retire? 2 Your teacher will give you a role card. Prepare what you’re going to say,
then act it out.

Just imagine!
Conditionals . Time clauses . Base and strong adjectives . Making suggestions
starter
1 Match a line in A with a line in B.
A B
1 If I had £5 million, I’ll tell her the news.
2 If you’re going to the post office, I’d give up my job and travel around the world.
3 If I see Anna, you have to work hard.
4 If you want to do well in life, go to bed and rest.
5 If you don’t feel well, could you post this letter for me?
What verb forms are used in the two parts of each sentence?
2 Answer these questions about you.
• If you have a problem, who do you talk to? • If you had a lot of money, what would you do with it?
• What will you do if the weather’s nice at the weekend?
a place in the sun

First conditional and time clauses
1 T 8.1 Jack and Annie are tired of English weather. So they’re moving
to Spain to live in the sun and grow lemons. Their friend David thinks
they’re crazy. Listen and complete the conversation with these verbs.
’ll only know will you do (x2) ’ll have ’ll regret
don’t like (x2) won’t earn won’t need
David You’re both mad. I think you it. You were earning
good money here. You much growing lemons.
Jack We know that, but we a lot of money to live there.
David But what if you can’t find anywhere to live?
Annie There are lots of cheap, old farms. We no trouble
finding somewhere.
David But you don’t even like gardening. What if you
farming either?
Jack We if we farming when we try it.
David Well, OK. But what if you . . . ?
T 8.1 Listen again and check. Practise the conversation.
62 Unit 8 . Just imagine!

2 Have more conversations. What will you do if you . . . Practice
• miss your family and friends • fall ill Another busy day
• have problems with the language • run out of money
• can’t stand the heat • get bored 1 Put if, as soon as, or before into each box. Put the verbs
• want to move back to the UK • don’t like the food in the correct form.
What will you do if you miss Daniel Bye, darling! Good luck with the interview!
your family and friends? No problem! Sue Thanks. I’ll need it. I hope the traffic won’t be
We’ll . . . !
a problem. If I ’m (be) late for
the interview, I (be) furious with
3 T 8.2 Listen to the next part of the conversation.
myself!
Put the verbs in the correct form.
Daniel Just stay calm! Call me when you can.
David I hope you’ll keep in touch with friends here. Sue I will. I (call) you on my mobile
Jack Of course we will. As soon as we I (get) out of the
(get) an Internet connection, we
interview.
(have) a Facebook page and email.
Daniel When you (know)
David And do you think you’ll have room for friends
you’ve got the job?
to come and visit?
Annie Absolutely! I promise, you (be) our Sue They (tell) me in the next few days.
first guest when we (find) some- they (offer) me the job, I
where to live. (accept) it. You know that, don’t you?
David Great! Daniel Of course. But we’ll worry about that later.
Jack But I think you (have to) wait until Sue OK. Are you going to work now?
we (make) it habitable! I’m sure we Daniel Well, I (take) the children to
(need to) do a lot of work on the school I (go) to work.
place before we (invite) friends. Sue Don’t forget to pick them up you
David Oh, I won’t mind if it’s a bit basic – who cares if (finish).
it’s hot and sunny! And if you (find) Daniel Don’t worry, I won’t forget. You’d better get
somewhere by August, I (come) and going. you (not hurry),
help you!
you (miss) the bus.
Annie Hey! That’s the right spirit!
Sue OK. I (see) you this evening. Bye!
T 8.3 Listen and check. Practise the conversation with

a partner.
Grammar spot
2 With your partner, ask and answer questions using
1 Which sentence expresses a future certainty, and which a the prompts.
future possibility? • How/Sue feel if/late for the interview?
If I see Anna, I’ll tell her. • When/call Daniel?
When I see Anna, I’ll tell her. • When/know if she’s got the job?
2
Underline the time expressions in the sentences: • What/she/do if they offer her the job?
• What/Daniel do before/go to work?
As soon as we get an Internet connection, we’ll have a • When/Daniel pick up the children?
Facebook page.
You’ll be our first guest when we’ve found somewhere How will Sue feel if she’s
to live. late for the interview?
You’ll have to wait until we’ve made it habitable!
We’ll need to do a lot of work on the place before we
invite friends. She’ll be furious with herself.
3 Which tenses are used in the time clauses?

Grammar Reference 8.1 and 8.2 pp145–146
Unit 8 . Just imagine! 63

GETTING RICH QUICK
Second conditional 2 Sara
1 T 8.4 Listen to five people saying what they

would do if they had £5 million and take notes.
1 Ian
3 Keith
5 Mona 4 Tom
2 Use your notes from exercise 1 to complete Grammar spot

sentences 1–5.
1 Look at the conditional sentences.
1 I my own island in the Caribbean.
If I have time, I’ll do some shopping.
I loads of money to charity. If I had £5 million, I’d buy an island.
2 I my job and travel. But it me. Which sentence expresses a possible situation?
3 I lots of land, so I peace Which sentence expresses an unlikely or unreal situation?
and quiet. 2 Complete each of these sentences to show the
4 I a space tourist and fly to Mars on the real situation.
space shuttle. If I had a lot of money, I’d travel around the world.
5 I away a penny. I it all on (But unfortunately, I don’t have a lot of money.)
If I had a car, I’d never catch a bus again.
myself. (But unfortunately, . . . )
Practise the sentences. If I didn’t have to work today, I’d go to the beach.
(But unfortunately, . . . )
Grammar Reference 8.3–8.5 p146

Practice
What would you do? Conversations with will and would
1 What would you do with £5 million? 2 Look at the situations. Decide if they are possible or unlikely.
Work in groups. Ask and answer the 1 There’s a good documentary on TV tonight. possible
questions. 2 You find a burglar in your home. unlikely
3 You see a traffic accident.
• What . . . buy? 4 Your friend isn’t doing anything this weekend.
What would you buy? 5 You win an Olympic gold medal.
6 You don’t have any homework tonight.
7 You can speak perfect English.
3 Ask and answer questions about what you will do or would do.
What will you do if there’s a good
documentary on TV tonight? I’ll watch it.
What would you do if you

found a burglar in your home? I’d call the police.
• How much . . . give away?

Who . . . give it to?
• . . . travel? Where . . . to? Conditional forms
4 Match a line in A with a line in B and a sentence in C.
A B C
1 If Tony calls, don’t wait for me. It would be really useful for
2 If you’ve finished I might take up an work.
your work, evening class. He can reach me there.
3 If I’m not back by you have to have Keep warm and drink plenty
• What about your job? a visa. of fluids.
8 o’clock,
. . . keep on working or
. . . give up your job? 4 If you have the flu, please let me know. I’d love to show you around.
5 If you’re ever in tell him I’m at Alex’s. Just be back in 15 minutes.
London, you can take a break. I’d love to learn more about
6 If you go to Russia, if I could afford it. photography.
7 I’d buy a computer you should go to bed. You can get one at the
8 If I had more time, embassy.
• . . . go on a spending spree, or . . . Go without me and I’ll meet
invest the money? you at the restaurant.
• . . . be happier than you
are now? T 8.5 Listen and check. Practise the sentences.
5 Look at the verb forms in these questions.
• What do you do if you can’t sleep at night?
• What will you do if the weather’s nice this weekend?
• What would you do if you found a wallet with a lot of money in it?
In groups, answer the questions.

Philanthropists around the world
Giving your
money away
1 ‘Philanthropy’ simply means ‘the love of people’. It usually refers
to rich individuals giving money to help poorer people.
• Do you know the names of any philanthropists?
• Why do you think they give their money away?
• Do they do it for selfish or unselfish reasons?
2 Read the article and complete the chart. Many rich people are ambitious and hard-
working, some are mean and uncaring,
Amount but others see their enormous wealth as
Name Early career Projects mentioned
given an opportunity to be generous to people
Andrew factory worker Over $350m Libraries, schools, less fortunate than themselves. These are
Carnegie universities, Foundation philanthropists.
for International Peace
19th century philanthropists
Bill Gates The two richest men in history, America’s
Rockefeller and Carnegie, both
19th century industrialists, were great
philanthropists. Carnegie, who built the
US steel industry, was once a factory
Chuck Feeney worker. Like many philanthropists, he
made his own way to the top, and never
forgot the difficulties faced by ordinary
people. He gave over $350m to libraries,
Sheik schools, and universities, and started his
Mohammed own Foundation for International Peace.
bin Rashid He believed that the rich should use their
Al Maktoum money to improve society. He said, ‘if a
Sheikh man dies rich, he dies disgraced’.
Suleiman
Al Rajhi
Cao Dewang
3 Are the sentences True (✓) or False (✗)? Correct the false
sentences.
1 Rockefeller and Carnegie were the two richest men
in the world.
2 Carnegie believed that the rich should give away
their money before they die.
3 Bill Gates is the richest man in the world.
4 Chuck Feeney always wanted to become rich.
5 Feeney’s behaviour is sometimes unusual for a
rich man.
6 Mark Evans is a rich British philanthropist.
7 In the 19th century there were many big
philanthropists in the East.
8 Cao Dewang doesn’t want to spend a lot of time
playing golf.

Modern philanthropists
Today’s philanthropists have billions, not millions, to
give away. The most famous modern philanthropist
is Bill Gates, who dropped out of university to start
his own company, Microsoft. Gates would easily be
the richest man in the world if he didn’t give so much
money to charity. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
is the largest private foundation in the world and
donates $1.5bn a year, much of it to fund health
projects in Africa.
Chuck Feeney, another American businessman,
started as a radio operator and then made his fortune
opening airport shops. ‘I had an idea that you should
use your wealth to help people’, he says. ‘I try to live
a normal life, the way I grew up. I set out to work
hard, not to get rich.’ Feeney put $9bn into The Atlantic
Philanthropies, which funds medical programs in many
countries, including South Africa, and Vietnam. He
doesn’t own a house or car and flies economy class.
His biographer says Feeney isn’t a typical billionaire: ‘If
you saw him in the street he’d probably be wearing an
old raincoat, and he’d be picking up bits of rubbish and
putting it in rubbish bins.’
Practical but fun

Modern philanthropists are practical, and bring business
skills as well as money to their charitable work. Many
give to universities, knowing that if they fund essential
research, it will result in knowledge that helps all of
society. Mark Evans of Coutts Wealth Management in
London gives advice to donors, and believes that successful
philanthropy is enjoyable: ‘The people we work with say that Language work
they have more fun giving the money away than they ever
4 Match the synonyms from the text.
did making it.’
A B
Philanthropy around the world
generous to give away
Philanthropy has always been important in the Muslim world, ambitious kind
where zakaat makes it a duty to give part of one’s income wealthy to set up
to charity. Sheik Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum enormous to pay for
of Dubai has given $10bn, one of the largest donations in to fund very rich
history, to create an educational foundation in the Middle to donate to make better
East. Saudi banking billionaire Sheikh Suleiman Al Rajhi, to found determined to succeed
who started life as a cook and a porter, founded the Suleiman to improve very big
Al Rajhi University, and has recently announced that he will
donate most of his $6bn fortune to charity. What do you think?
In 2011 China became the country with the second highest
• What are the disadvantages of having very
number of billionaires after America, and now has its own big
large amounts of money?
philanthropists. Cao Dewang started as a salesman for a car
• What problems can it cause if people
window company, and is now Director of Fuyao Glass. He has
become rich very suddenly?
given away over $750m, mostly to the China Foundation for
• Is it possible to be very rich and still live a
Poverty Alleviation. When asked why he works 16 hours a
‘normal’ life? How?
day, Cao replied: ‘To get rid of poverty. I grew up in poverty,
• Should rich people be taxed more? What
I know what poverty is. In my life there is too much leisure.
do you think the highest rate of tax should
And if I played three games of golf, I’d spend the equivalent
be?
of a year’s salary for a Chinese farmer.’
Vocabulary and speaking Listening
Base and strong adjectives Charity appeals
1 Some adjectives have the idea of very. Look at these 1 Work with a partner. Choose three of these charities.
examples from the article on p66–67. Discuss why you think people should donate to them.
enormous wealth = very big wealth • a charity that helps elderly people with food and housing
essential research = very important research • a hospice for people who are dying of an incurable disease
• an organization that provides emergency supplies and medicine
2 Match the base adjectives in A with the strong
for disaster victims
adjectives in B.
• a charity that helps homeless people
A Base adjectives B Strong adjectives • cancer research
• a charity that helps people with AIDS
tired great, wonderful, fantastic, superb • animal rescue shelters
frightened exhausted
Compare your answers with other pairs.
good delicious
tasty filthy 2 T 8.7 Listen to information about three more
bad terrified charities and complete the chart.
hungry starving
Who or what the How the
angry horrible, awful, terrible, disgusting charity tries to help charity helps
dirty thrilled, delighted
surprised astonished, amazed 1
happy hilarious
funny furious
Red Crescent
! 1 We can make adjectives more extreme with
2
adverbs such as very and absolutely.
Their house is very big.
Their garden is absolutely enormous.
2 We can use very only with base adjectives. WWF
very tired NOT very exhausted
3 We can use absolutely only with strong adjectives. 3
absolutely wonderful NOT absolutely good
4 We can use really with both base and
strong adjectives.
Save the Children
really tired really exhausted
3 T 8.6 Listen to the conversations. What are they

about? Write the adjectives and adverbs you hear.
1 book good, absolutely superb
2
3
4
5
6
WRITING: From notes to writing

Go to p1 14

What do you think? Everyday English
Imagine that you have $30,000 that you want Making suggestions
to give to charity. Who would you give the
money to? How would you divide it? 1 Matt is bored and Paul is broke. Look at the suggestions made by their
Think about what you would do, and then friends. Are they talking to Matt or Paul? Write M or P.
discuss your ideas with a partner.
M Let’s go shopping!
If I had $30,000 to give away, I’d give it to three If I were you, I’d get a
charities … better job.
Why don’t you ask your
parents?
You ought to ask your
boss for a pay-rise!
I don’t think you should
go out so much.
I’m broke!
Why don’t we go for
a walk?
You’d better get a loan
from the bank. I’m bored!
Shall we see what’s on
television?
Underline the words used to make suggestions. Which suggestions

include the speaker?
2 T 8.8 Listen to the conversations. Notice how Matt and Paul accept
and reject the suggestions.
T 8.8 Check with the tapescript on p128. Practise the conversations
with a partner.
Roleplay
With your partner, make conversations for the situations. Use different
ways of making suggestions.
• You have a terrible cold.
A My head is killing me! And my nose is running!
B I think you should go to bed with a hot drink.
A That’s a good idea. I’ll go right now.
B How about a hot lemon drink? I’ll make it for you.
A Oh, that would be great!
• You both have the evening free, and there’s nothing good on TV.
• Your best friend is getting married next week. You don’t know what to give your
friend as a present.
• Your neighbour always has the TV on very loud. He watches TV late into the night
and the noise is keeping you awake.
• Your flat is a mess, the carpets and curtains are ragged, and the furniture is ancient.
Suddenly, you inherit some money!
• You’ve just got a job in Moscow, so you need to learn the Russian language, and
find out about Russian people and culture as quickly as possible.

Making connections
Modal verbs 2 – probability . Character adjectives . So do I! Neither do I!
70 Unit 9 . Making connections

PRACTICE
Fact or fiction?
1 Work with a partner. Do you believe these statements

are true or false? Use modal verbs in your comments.
Discuss ideas as a class.
1 Lightning never strikes in the same place twice.
That must be true. I’ve

often heard this. It could be true but I’m not so sure.
2 Hurricanes always have ladies’ names.

3 Women have a higher pain threshold than men.
4 The sea is blue because it reflects the sky.
5 A penny dropped from a skyscraper can kill a person.
6 Hair and nails continue to grow after death.
7 Birds are bird-brained and stupid.
8 No two snowflakes are the same.
What are they talking about?
9 Bats are blind.
2 T 9.2 Listen and check your ideas. Do you learn 4 T 9.4 Listen to five short conversations. With a
anything that surprises you? partner, guess the answer to the questions. Give reasons
for your conclusions.
Grammar and speaking 1 A A glass of orange juice and a mineral water,
3 Work with a partner. Take turns to read aloud the please.
statements and respond using the words in brackets. B Still or sparkling?
A Sparkling, please.
1 I think I’ve lost my passport (must, worried) B Do you want ice and lemon with that?
You must be very worried. A Just ice, thanks. How much is that?
2 Your phone’s ringing! (might, Jane)
3 Paul’s taking his umbrella. (must, rain) Where do you think the people are? At home? In a
4 Harry and Sally never go on holiday. restaurant? In a café?
(can’t, much money) They can’t be at home because they’re paying for the drink.
5 Hannah’s not in class. (could, coffee bar) They could be in a restaurant but… They must be in …
6 Look! Three fire engines! (must, somewhere) 2 What are they talking about? A TV? A mobile phone?
7 I haven’t seen Tom for weeks. A computer?
(can’t, work here any more) 3 What do you think she’s talking about? An exam?
8 Whose jacket is this? (might, John’s) A job interview? Her driving test?
9 You got top marks in the test! (must, joke!) 4 Who are the people? Two friends? Husband and wife?
T 9.3 Listen and check your answers. Brother and sister?
Practise again What are they talking about? A retirement present?
A wedding present? An anniversary present?
5 What do you think they are doing? Playing football?
Watching a horse race? Watching a football match?
Unit 9 . Making connections 71

A holiday with friends
must have been/can’t have been
1 T 9.5 Andy is phoning Carl. With a partner, read and

listen to Andy’s side of the conversation. What are they
talking about?
Andy Hi! Carl? It’s Andy. How are you? Feeling better?
Carl . . .
Andy Really? You still can’t walk without a crutch, eh?
So you’re not back at work yet?
Carl . . .
Andy Two more weeks! That’s when the plaster comes
off, is it?
Carl . . .
Andy I’m fine. Julie’s fine too. We’re both back at work.
Carl . . .
Andy No, we haven’t, but I’ve downloaded them all
onto my computer. They’re good. I didn’t realize
we’d taken so many. I’ll email the best ones to
you.
Carl . . .
Andy Yes, the sunset. It’s a good one. All of us
together on Bob and Marcia’s balcony, with the
mountains and the snow in the background. It’s
beautiful. Brings back memories, doesn’t it?
Carl . . .
Andy Yes, I know. I’m sorry. But at least it happened at
the end; it could have been the first day. You only
missed the last two days.
Carl . . .
Andy Yeah, and it was noisy too! We didn’t have any
views of the mountains. Yeah, we’ve written. We
emailed the manager yesterday, but I don’t know
if we’ll get any money back.
Carl . . .
Andy Yeah. The airline found it and put it on the next
flight. Marcia was very relieved.
Carl . . .
Andy Absolutely. It was a great holiday. Some ups and
downs, but we all got on well together and had
fun. Shall we go again next year?
Carl . . .
Andy Great! It’s a date. Next time go round the trees! I’ll
call you again soon, Carl. Take care!
Carl . . .
Andy Bye.

Practice
Grammar and speaking
1 Respond to the statements and questions. Use the words
2 Read these questions. Tick (✓) the answer you think in brackets.
is possible. Cross (✗) the one you think is not possible.
1 What is the relationship between Andy and Carl?
✓ They must be friends.
✗ They could be business colleagues.
2 Where have they been?
They must have been on a skiing holiday.
They can’t have been on a skiing holiday.
3 How many people went on holiday?
There must have been six.
There can’t have been six.
4 What happened to Carl?
He must have broken his leg.
He might have broken his arm.
5 Where did they stay?
They might have stayed with friends. 1 I can’t find my homework. (must/forget)
They must have stayed in a hotel. You must have forgotten it.
2 Mark didn’t come to school last week. (must/ill)
6 What did Andy do on holiday? 3 Why is Isabel late for class? (might/oversleep)
He must have taken a lot of photos. 4 I can’t find my notebook. (must/drop)
He can’t have taken many photos. 5 The teacher’s checking Maria’s work.
7 Why did Andy and Julie send an email to the (can’t/finish already)
hotel? 6 How did Bob get such good marks in that test?
They might have written to thank them. (must/cheat)
They could have written to complain about
their room. T 9.7 Listen and check. Practise the sentences with
a partner.
8 What did Marcia lose?
It might have been her skis. Discussing grammar
It could have been her suitcase.
3 Use some of the sentences 1–8 to say what you think 2 How many different modal auxiliary verbs can you
happened to Andy and Carl. fit naturally into each sentence? Discuss as a class the
differences in meaning.
Andy and Carl must be friends and they must have been on …
can can’t could must might should shall
4 T 9.6 Listen to the full conversation between Andy
and Carl. Which of your ideas were correct? 1 He have been born during the 1940s.
2 you help me with the dishes, please?
Grammar spot 3 You see the doctor immediately.
1 What is the past of the following sentences? 4 It be raining.
must 5 we go out for dinner this evening?
can’t 6 I stop eating sweets.
He be on holiday.
could 7 It have been Saud that you met at the
might library.
2 What is the past of these sentences? 8 I learn to speak English.
We must work hard.
We have to work hard.
We can see the sea from our room.

Vocabulary and speaking
Character adjectives
1 Do the personality quiz to discover what type of person you are. Write Y for Yes, N for No, and S for Sometimes.
What type of person are you?
1 Are you usually smiling and happy? 9 Is your room often a mess?
2 Do you enjoy the company of other 1
0 Do you get annoyed if you have to wait
people? for anyone or anything?
3 Do you find it difficult to meet new 1
1 Do you put off until tomorrow what you
people? could do today?
4 Do you have definite plans for your 1
2 Do you work hard?
future career?
1
3 Do you keep your feelings and ideas to
5 Does your mood change often and yourself?
suddenly for no reason?
1
4 Do you often give presents?
6 Do you notice other people’s feelings?
1
5 Do you talk a lot?
7 Do you think the future will be good?
1
6 Are you usually calm and not worried
8 Can your friends depend on you? by things?
2 Work with a partner. Ask your partner to do the quiz 4 Which adjectives describe positive qualities and which
about you. Compare your ideas and your partner’s ideas describe negative? Which describe both?
about you. Are they the same or different?
Positive Negative Both
3 Match these adjectives with the questions in the quiz.
reliable
8 reliable lazy
optimistic generous
sociable moody
talkative hardworking
reserved easygoing
shy untidy
impatient cheerful
ambitious sensitive 5 Write the opposite of the adjectives in exercise 3.
Remember that the prefixes in- and un- can sometimes
Which adjectives describe you? be used to make negatives. Which of the adjectives can
use these?
6 Describe someone in the class to your partner, but don’t
say who it is. Can your partner guess who it is?
WRITING: A description (2)

Go to p1 16

Listening and speaking Everyday English
Brothers and sisters So do I! Neither do I!
1 Do a class survey. 1 T 9.13 Listen to Sue’s friends talking to her about

1 Find out who has got any brothers and/or sisters. themselves. Put a (✓) if it’s the same for Sue and a (✗)
2 Who has got the most? How many? Do they like if it’s different.
having lots of brothers and sisters?
Sue’s friends Sue Sue’s words
3 Has anyone got a twin brother or sister? Do they
like being a twin? 1 I want to travel the world. ✓ So do I.
4 Is anyone in the class an only child? Do they like 2 I don’t want to have lots of
being an only child? children.
2 T 9.12 Listen to two people talking about their 3 I can speak four languages.
families. Complete the chart. 4 I can’t ski.
5 I’m not going to get married
until I’m 35.
6 I went to London last year.
7 I’ve never been to Australia.
8 I don’t like dentists.
9 I’m bored with celebrities.
10 I love shopping.
2 Write in Sue’s words. Choose from the lists below.

Louisa Rose
So am I. Neither am I. I am. I’m not.
How many So do I. Neither do I. I do. I don’t.
brothers and So can I. Neither can I. I can. I can’t.
sisters has she So did I. Neither did I. I did. I didn’t.
got? So have I. Neither have I. I have. I haven’t.
T 9.13 Listen again and check your answers.

What does Sue say when it is the same for her?
Was she happy What does she say when it is different?
as a child?
Why/Why not?
3 Work with a partner. Read the statements in exercise 1
and give true answers.
4 Go around the class. Everyone must make a statement
about themselves or give an opinion about something.
Is she happy The others in the class must respond.
now? Why/
Why not?
I love chocolate!
I don’t!
So do I. / Me too.
What do you
learn about I didn’t do my
other members homework. Neither did I. / I did!
of her family? Me neither.

Special interests
Present Perfect Continuous . Time expressions . Making the right noises
starter IF AT FIRST YOU DON’T SUCCEED …

1 For each pair, match a line in A with a line or picture Present Perfect Continuous
in B.
1 T 10.1 Read and listen to the newspaper article. Answer the
A B
questions.
1 What do you do on the floor? 1 Why is Seo Sang-moon celebrating?
What are you doing for a living? 2 Why did he need a driver’s licence?
3 What made it possible for him to take the test?
2 He speaks three languages. 4 Who has given him a present?
He’s speaking to the teacher.
3 She has a baby next month.

She’s having a house by the sea.
4 What have you done

What have you been doing
with my pen? I can’t find it.
since I last saw you?
69-year-old farmer
5 Who drank my juice? passes driving test
on 272nd attempt!
S outh Korean farmer Seo Sang-moon is
celebrating success — he has finally passed
the theory part of his driving test. He has been
practising for the test for the past five years, and
Who’s been drinking my has taken it 272 times.
juice? Seo, 69, has spent over $1,000 on test fees, and
has been taking the test twice a month since his first
attempt, when he was working as a repairman.
‘Being a repairman travelling around the countryside,
a driver’s licence was a necessity’, said Seo. ‘But I
didn’t dare apply for the written examination because
I’m illiterate. Only after the introduction of the oral
6 I read that book. It was really good. test was I able to apply. Because of old age, I stopped
I was reading that book when you called. repairing houses and began farming, but I really
wanted to get my driver’s licence.’
Each time he failed the test, he learnt a little more,
2 Look at the second sentence in each pair. What do the until he finally reached the pass mark of 60 points
verbs have in common? (out of 100).
Officials at the test centre were just as happy as
Seo, and have given him a key chain as a present.
78 Unit 10 . Special interests

2 Here are the answers to some questions about Seo. Practice
Write the questions using he …
Conversations
1 The theory part of his driving test. (What ... /
pass?) 1 Write questions with How long … ? Use either the Present
2 For the past five years. (How long ... ?) Perfect Simple or Continuous. (If both are possible, use the
3 Twice a month. (How often ... ?) continuous form.)
4 272 times. (How many ... ?) 1 I live in the country. How long have you been living in the country?
5 A key chain. (What ... ?) 2 I play tennis.
6 Because he still needs to pass the practical test. 3 I know Jack well.
(Why ... ?) 4 I work in Hong Kong.
7 Which car they should buy. (What ...?) 5 I have a Japanese car.
T 10.2 Listen and check. Practise the questions and 2 Make sentences using the same verbs about yourself. With
answers in pairs. a partner, ask and answer questions with How long … ?
3 For each sentence in exercise 1, write a question in the
Grammar spot
Past Simple.
1 Underline examples of the Present Perfect Simple 1 When move there?
and the Present Perfect Continuous in the text. 2 How old when started ?
2 Look at the questions below. Which one asks about 3 Where meet ?
an activity? Which one asks about a quantity? 4 Why decide ?
How long have you been learning English? 5 How much pay ?
How many teachers have you had? 4 T 10.3 Read and listen to the conversation.
Grammar Reference 10.1 and 10.2 p148 A You look happy. What have you been doing?
B I’m really excited! I’ve been getting ready to go on
holiday.
‘He’s been coming to the test centre so often that A Have you done everything?
we’ve been like family for the last five years’ said B Well, I’ve picked up the tickets and I’ve been to the bank,
one of the examiners. but I haven’t packed yet.
But Seo hasn’t been celebrating too much – he
Make similar conversations with a partner.
still needs to pass the practical test. He’s been
1 A covered in paint/what/do?
attending a driving school to prepare for the road
test, and is feeling confident. ‘Driving seems a bit
B redecorate the bathroom.
hard. But after trying 271 times to pass... what do A finish yet?
I have to be afraid of?’ he said. ‘I’ve already been B paint the door and the ceiling/not put up the
discussing with my wife which car we should buy.’ wallpaper yet.
2 A hands dirty/what/do?
B filthy/work in the garden.
A finish yet?
B cut the grass/not water the flowers yet.
3 A your eyes red/what/do?
B exhausted/revise for my exams.
A finish them yet?
B do chemistry and history/not do English yet.
T 10.4 Listen and compare. Practise the conversations again.
Discussing grammar
5 Why are these sentences strange? What would be better?
1 Ouch! I’ve been cutting my finger.
2 ‘Why is your hair wet?’ ‘I’ve swum.’
3 You’ve got tears in your eyes. Why have you cried?
4 I’m really sorry, but I’ve been crashing into the back of
your car.
5 I’ve written my autobiography this afternoon.
Unit 10 . Special interests 79

A LIFELONG PASSION
Time expressions
1 Erik Berglund is a photographer. He has had an interesting life so far.

Look quickly through the chart of events in his life. What are some
of the things he has done?
Age L if e Event
0 Born on 4 March, 1960, in Stockholm, Sweden.
8 Got his first camera and started taking photographs
11 Joined a photography club at secondary school
15 Won award for Swedish Young Photographer of the Year
18– Had first public exhibition in Stockholm

22 Won scholarship and studied at the London School of Photography
Became active in the environmental movement
19 Met his first wife
21 Got married in spring 1981

22 raduated and began working for Life and National Geographic
G
magazines, taking landscape photographs
23 Daughter born 9 July, 1983

29
Got divorced. Became a travelling photographer and began
photographing animals in Africa, India, and Malaysia.
Photos featured in BBC Wildlife Magazine.
31 Bought a flat in New York
33–37 Wrote his first book on photographic technique.

Met Juliette Maynard, a publisher.
38 3 August, 1998, married Juliette; moved to Paris

43 Won Best Photography Book 1999 for his best-selling
book Images of a Disappearing World

45 Began teaching at the Photographic Institute in Paris,
and giving public lecture tours internationally
NOW Still taking photographs, teaching, and doing lecture tours
Erik Berglund
1 How long has he been taking photographs?
2 Which magazines has he worked for?
3 What sort of photographs has he taken?
4 What has he won?
5 How long has he been married to Juliette?
6 How many times has he been married?
7 How long was he married to his first wife?
8 How long has he been teaching photography and giving lectures?

Practice
Questions and answers
1 Ask and answer the questions about Erik.
1 When … born? When was he born?
2 When … given the award of Swedish
Young Photographer of the Year? In 1960.
3 When … go to the London School of Photography?
4 What … his daughter born?
5 Which countries … lived in?
6 When … start photographing animals?
7 How many children … ?
8 How long … in Paris?
2 Make a similar chart of the events in your life or the life of someone
you know well. Ask and answer questions with a partner.
A lecture tour
3 Complete these sentences with the phrases
from the box. 3 Erik is on a two-week lecture tour of England and Scotland. Look at
his schedule.
while he was at photography school
after winning the award Week 1 Week 2
Sunday London Birmingham
at the age of eight Monday London Manchester
until he married Juliette Tuesday London Manchester
since he married Juliette Wednesday London Edinburgh
while he was writing his first book on Thursday Oxford Edinburgh
photography technique Friday Oxford Edinburgh
two years after he got married Saturday Birmingham Fly home to Paris
between 1978 and 1982
4 It is Monday of the second week, and Erik is being interviewed by a
1 He started taking photographs journalist. How does he answer these questions?
. 1 How long are you here in Britain for? Just two weeks.
2 for Swedish Young 2 How long have you been in Britain?
Photographer of the Year, he had his 3 Where were you the day before yesterday?
first public exhibition in Stockholm. 4 Where were you this time last week?
3 He was at the London School of 5 Where will you be the day after tomorrow?
Photography . 6 Where will you be a week today?
4 He met his first wife . T 10.6 Listen and check.
5 His daughter was born .
6 He met Juliette . Discussing grammar
7 He lived in New York .
8 He’s been living in Paris 5 Correct the mistakes in the questions.
. 1 What time did you go to bed at last night?
Grammar Reference 10.3 p148 2 What have you done last weekend?
3 What are you doing this night?
4 Are you going to study English the next month?
WRITING: Writing a biography 5 Have you been studying English since three years?
Go to p1 17 6 How long you live in this city?
7 When is your father born?
8 How long have you been knowing your teacher?
6 Ask and answer the questions with a partner.

vocabulary AND LISTENING 1 Julia
Things I’m passionate about ‘I enjoy it, I think, because it’s a
very psychological game, I mean,
1 Work with a partner. Look at the words and if you’re playing badly, you have
expressions in the box. Which are positive, which to push yourself to continue.’
are negative? Which are neutral? ‘. . . there’s only about 3 months
that you can’t play.’
quite like crazy about
adore can’t stand
loathe don’t mind
keen on can’t bear
not that keen on fond of 2
Paul
2 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. ‘They’re so big and powerful but
so beautiful when you see them
1 She likes ice-cream very much. (absolutely adore)
racing round a field or on a track.’
She absolutely adores ice-cream.
‘Of course, I have fallen off a few
2 He likes all water sports. (very keen)
times, but it seems that the more
3 I hate golf. (can’t bear)
you fall, the less it hurts.’
4 My brother loves playing video games.
(crazy about)
5 My sister doesn’t really like any sports.
(not that keen)
6 I don’t like people who always talk about
themselves. (can’t stand)
3 Andrew
7 My mum likes going to museums. (very fond) ‘I felt the power of the words –
8 I quite like green tea but I prefer English breakfast the thing I like so much about it
tea. (don’t mind) is that you can say so much with
9 The thing I hate most is tidying my room. (loathe) just a few words.’
10 I don’t hate my job but it’s time I applied for ‘It’s all about saying what often
another one. (quite like) goes unsaid, and with passion.’
3 Look at the photos of the people. Read what they say
about their passion. Can you work out what their
passion is?
4 T 10.7 Listen to the people. Were you right? James 4
What are their passions?
‘. . . they complain about it
5 Listen again. Answer the questions about each all the time but I love it.’
person. ‘Here, you really appreciate
1 How long have they had their passion? the sunshine, and you notice
2 What first created their interest? the seasons.’
3 Why do they like it so much?
6 Use some of the expressions from the
box in exercise 1 to talk about the people.
What do you think?

5 Harry
• Which of the people’s passions most interest you?
Why? Which interest you least? ‘. . . the thing I love best about it, is
that you are away from everything
• Is there anything in your life that you feel passionate
and everyone up in the hills, and
about? Tell the class about it.
you work together.’
‘. . . it’s a sheep farming area, so the
farmers contact us if they have a
problem.’

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Making the right noises
1 Look at the words in the boxes. They are all possible

responses in conversation. What do they express?
Write in the correct heading.
• Agreement • Sympathy • Pleasure • Surprise

How fantastic! Absolutely. Did you? What a pity!
That’s great! Definitely. You didn’t! That’s a shame.
Lovely! Of course. That’s amazing! Oh dear.
Congratulations! Fair enough. You’re kidding! That’s too bad.
Brilliant! Fine. You did what? How awful! 3 Read the lines of conversation. Write in a suitable
Good for you! OK. Really? Bad luck. response. There are sometimes several possibilities.
1 A I’ve lost my job! The hotel’s closing down.
B (surprise) (sympathy)
1 T 10.8 Listen and repeat these expressions with a wide 2 A Will spaghetti bolognese be OK for dinner?
voice range. B (agreement) (pleasure)
3 A There’s a strike at the airport so my holiday’s
How fantastic! Absolutely. Did you? What a pity!
been cancelled.
2 T 10.9 Listen and practise. B (sympathy) (sympathy)
4 A I failed my driving test again.
B (surprise) (sympathy)
2 T 10.10 Listen and complete B’s responses. Practise the 5 A I’ll be Julia Benson M.A. soon! I got a first for
conversation with a partner. my dissertation!
A My grandfather hasn’t been too well lately. B (surprise) (pleasure)
B 6 A So you think I should save to buy a car, not
A He’s 79. Don’t you think at his age he should slow down a bit? borrow the money?
B B (agreement)
A But he won’t listen to me. He says he wants to enjoy his 7 A My brother’s invited me to go to Malaysia with
life to the full. him next month.
B B (surprise) (pleasure)
A Last summer he went on a two-week cycling holiday
in France.
T 10.11 Listen and compare. What is B’s further
comment?
B
A We’re going to have a family meal for his 80th.
4 Practise the conversations with a partner. Continue
them if you can.
B
A But before that I’m going to have a word with him and 5 Work with a partner. Have a conversation about a
tell him to take things easy. good or bad day you have had recently. React as
you listen and talk.
B
Last Sunday was the worst day of my life!
What other responses from exercise 1 are suitable in exercise 2?
Oh dear. What happened?
Well, …
If you ask me, …
Indirect questions . Question tags . The body . Informal English
Starter
starter
1 All of these sentences are correct. 2 Choose the correct question tag.
Why is there no does in sentences 2 and 3? 1 It’s a beautiful day, did he?
1 Where does she live? 2 You like learning English, isn’t it?
2 I know where she lives. 3 You’ve been to Australia, didn’t they?
3 Can you tell me where she lives? 4 Henry didn’t say that, don’t you?
5 They had a good time, haven’t you?
a stranger in town
Indirect questions
1 T 11.1 Frank has just checked into his What Frank wants to know What Frank says
hotel in Toronto. Look at the information
he wants, then listen to the conversation. 1 Could you help me? I wonder if help me.
Complete his sentences. 2 Are we near the CN Tower? I’m not sure near the
CN Tower.
3 Are there any good restaurants Can you tell me any
nearby? good restaurants nearby?
4 What time do the banks close? I don’t know what time .
5 Which restaurant did you suggest? I’m sorry, but I can’t remember
which restaurant .
86 Unit 11 . If you ask me, …

1 Look at what Frank says. These are Asking polite questions
indirect questions. How does the word 1 Match a word in A with a line in B and a line in C.
order change?
2 What happens to do/does/did in indirect A B C
questions? newspaper times have you been on a plane?
3 When do we use if in indirect questions? football team do you support?
Grammar Reference 11.1 p149 What long sports do you like?
How far do you read?
Which kind of is it to the airport from here?
2 Read tapescript 11.1 on p131 and practise many time do you spend watching TV?
the conversation. Then close your books much does it take you to get ready in the morning?
and do it again.
3 Here is some more information that Frank 2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer indirect questions using the
wants. Use the prompts to ask indirect ideas in exercise 1.
questions. Could you tell me . . . ?
1 What’s the population of the city? Would you mind telling me . . . ?
(Do you know … ?)
2 Is there an underground? Finding out about Zinedine Zidane
(Could you tell me … ?) 3 What do you know about Zinedine Zidane?
3 Where are the best shops?
(Can you tell me … ?)
4 Where can I go for a run in the
mornings? He’s French.
(Do you happen to know … ?)
5 Is there a museum near here?
(Do you have any idea … ?)
6 What do people do in the evening?
(I wonder … .)
4 Work with a partner. Ask and answer He’s a footballer.
similar indirect questions about a city
that you know well.
4 Ask about Zinedine Zidane using these phrases and the prompts 1–5.
I wonder . . . I’d like to know . . .
I have no idea . . . Does anybody know . . .
1 where/born
2 how many brothers and sisters
3 which clubs/played for I wonder where he was born.
4 married
5 how many children/have
Student A Look at p155. Student B Look at p156.
Unit 11 . If you ask me, … 87

Everyday english
Question tags
1 T 11.2 Listen to Sam, aged 4, talking to Kevin, his father.

Underline the question tags.
S Daddy?
K Yes, Sam?
S Suzie didn’t go to school this morning, did she?
K No, Sam, it’s the weekend, and there’s no school at
weekends.
S I’m going to start school next year, aren’t I?
K That’s right. You’ll be at the same school as Suzie.
S But not at weekends. You like weekends, don’t you,
Daddy?
K Yes, I certainly do. I can spend more time with you!
S Can I have another biscuit, Daddy?
T 11.2 Listen again. Does Sam’s intonation go up or
down on the question tags?
2 Complete the conversation between Kevin and his

personal assistant using a question tag from the box.
didn’t I? isn’t it? am I? haven’t I?
K Now, what’s happening today? I’ve got a meeting

this afternoon, ?
A Yes, that’s right. With Henry and Tom.
K And the meeting’s here, ?
A No, it isn’t. It’s in Tom’s office at 3 o’clock.
K Oh! I’m not having lunch with anyone, ?
A No, you’re free for lunch.
K Good! And I signed Mr Halabi’s contract, ?
A No, you didn’t actually. It’s on your desk.
K OK. I’ll do it now. Thanks a lot.
T 11.3 Listen and check. Does Kevin’s intonation go up
or down on the question tags?
3 Practise the conversations with a partner.

Grammar spot
1 Which speaker, Sam or Kevin, uses question tags to mean . . . ?
• I’m not sure, so I’m checking.
• Talk to me, I want to have a conversation with you.
2 How do we form question tags?

Practice Reading and speaking
Question tags and intonation How well do you know your world?
1 Look at the sentences and write the question tags.
1 It isn’t very warm today, ?
2 You can cook, ?
3 You’ve got a DVD player, ?
4 Mary’s very clever, ?
5 There are a lot of people here, ?
6 The book wasn’t very good, ?
7 I’m a silly person, ?
8 You aren’t going out dressed like that, ?
T 11.4 Listen and check. Write if the questions tag goes

up and if it goes down.
1 Do you know the answers to these questions?
2 Match a response with a sentence in exercise 1.
1 What are the Earth’s oldest
4 Yes. She’s extremely bright. living things?
Believe it or not, I haven’t. I’ve got a laptop, though.
Why? What’s wrong with my clothes? I thought I looked
2 What man-made things on Earth
really cool.
can be seen from space?
No, it’s freezing. 3 What is the most terrible natural
No, you’re not. Everybody makes mistakes. disaster to have hit the Earth?
Me? No! I can’t even boil an egg. 4 Why do women live longer
I know! It’s absolutely packed. I can’t move! than men?
It was terrible! The worst I’ve read in ages. 5 Why isn’t there a row 13 on
T 11.5 Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner. aeroplanes?
6 Why do they drive on the
Conversations left in Britain and on the right
in other countries?
3 Add three question tags to the conversation below. Do they go
up or down?
7 How many new words enter the
English language every year?
A It’s so beautiful.
B What is? 2 Put one of these lines before each question
A The view. That’s the CN Tower. in exercise 1. What is true for you?
B What?
I think I know what/why . . . I’m not sure . . .
A The CN Tower.
I think . . . I have no idea . . .
B The CN Tower isn’t that tall.
I don’t know . . . I wonder . . .
A Oh yes, it is. It’s the tallest building in Toronto.
T 11.6 Listen and compare. I think I know why women live

longer than men. It’s because …
4 Look at p156. Choose one of the conversations and add question
tags. Learn it by heart, and act it out for the rest of the class.
I have no idea what the
T 11.7 Listen and compare. Earth’s oldest living things are.
Discuss your ideas as a class.

Which question interests you the most?
Read the answers to the questions on pages
90 and 91. How much did you already know?
3 Here are the last lines of the seven answers.
Which answer do they go with?
a The country with the highest life
How well do
expectancy is Japan – 84 years for women
and 77 for men.
b If they do, one will die within a year.
c It is likely that this explosion wiped out all
the dinosaurs.
1 Q What are the Earth’s oldest
d It’s interesting to note that Samuel living things?
Johnson spent 8 years writing the first A The White Mountains of California are home to our
English dictionary, published in 1755. oldest living things – trees! The oldest tree in the
e You can also see fires burning in the world, Methuselah, has roots that go back over
4,600 years. This makes it older even than the Great
tropical rainforest. Pyramids of Giza in Egypt. The 26-foot bristlecone pine
f It has also endured climatic catastrophes, tree is the oldest of many that have outlived civilization
and nuclear bomb testing – and still it after civilization.
lives on!
g However, most of them are former British
Colonies.
4 Here are seven questions, one for each text.
What do the underlined words refer to?
1 Where is the oldest one in the world?
2 Why is this difficult to see from space? 2 Q What man-made things on
3 How many of them does it accept every Earth can be seen from space?
year? A ‘When humans first flew in space, they were amazed to
4 How did they become extinct? discover that the only man-made object visible from orbit
5 Why don’t most countries do this like the was the Great Wall of China.’ Although this is a nice
British? idea, it’s not true. The Great Wall is mostly grey stone
in a grey landscape and, in fact, is very difficult to
6 Do they have a thirteenth floor? see even from a plane flying at a mere 15 kilometres
7 Why are they more likely to have accidents? above. What can be seen when orbiting the Earth (from
about 200 kilometres up) are the lights of the world’s
Answer questions 1–7.
large metropolitan areas.
5 These numbers are from the texts. What do
they refer to?
4,600 15 200 65 million
14 six 4,000 193
3 Q What is the most terrible
Producing a class poster natural disaster to have hit
6 What else would you like to know about
the Earth?
the world? Work in groups and write some A Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes are
responsible for the deaths of thousands of people every
questions. Think of: year.
• places (countries, cities, buildings) One of the most violent earthquakes ever recorded
• people (customs, languages, superstitions, was in Ecuador in 1906. It was the equivalent of 100
famous people) H-bombs, but it was nothing compared to a volcanic
• things (machines, gadgets, transportation, etc.) eruption in Tambora, Indonesia in 1815. This was the
equivalent of 10,000 H-bombs. But, even these are
• plants and animals nothing compared to many tropical hurricanes: they
Check round the class to see if anyone can regularly have the energy of an amazing 100,000
H-bombs.
answer your questions
However, there is one natural disaster that beats all of
7 Choose two questions you wrote in exercise 6 these by a very long way – a meteor that hit the Earth
and research the answers. You could use the 65 million years ago and caused an explosion the
Internet or an encyclopedia. equivalent of 10 million H-bombs.
Make them into a poster for your classroom.

you know your world?
You ask … we answer!
4 Q Why do women live longer 6 Q Why do they drive on
than men? the left in Britain and on
A Women generally live about six years longer the right in other countries?
than men. Evidence suggests that boys are
the weaker sex at birth, which means that
A The reason for this goes back to the days when
people travelled by horse. Most people are
more die in infancy. Men also have a greater right handed, and thus the left is the natural
risk of heart disease than women, and they side to ride on if you are on horseback and you
have heart attacks earlier in life. Men generally need your right hand to hold a sword in case of
have more aggressive behaviour, particularly trouble. So why didn’t the rest of the world do
when driving, so they are more likely to die the same? Because of Napoleon Bonaparte. He
in accidents. Also, men are more often in insisted that his armies marched on the right,
dangerous occupations, such as construction and as he marched through Europe, he imposed
work. this rule wherever he went. In the twentieth
Historically, women died in childbirth and century Adolf Hitler did the same. Signs reading
men in wars. So unmarried women and ‘Rechts fahren’ were put up whenever he took
philosophers often lived to great ages. Now over a country.
childbearing is less risky and there are fewer
The question suggests that only the British drive
wars.
on the left, but in fact, out of 193 countries in
the world, there are about 50 that drive on the
left, including Japan.
5 Q Why isn’t there a row 13 7 Q How many words enter

on aeroplanes? the English language
A In many countries, the number 13 is considered
to be very unlucky. In France, there is never
every year?
a house with the number 13. In the United A Unfortunately no list is kept. In France there
States, modern high-rise buildings label the is the Académie française which approves new
floor that follows 12 as 14. words, but in England there are only dictionaries.
The most authoritative of these is the Oxford
Where did this fear of a number come from?
English Dictionary (OED), but this does not make
The idea goes back at least to Norse mythology
rules about the language. It simply records the
in ancient times. There was a banquet with 12
development of English worldwide. It accepts
guests. Loki, who was evil, decided to join them
about 4,000 new words (or new uses) every year.
without being invited. In the fight that followed,
The OED has readers in all English-speaking
Balder, the son of Odin, was killed.
parts of the world, who record repeated uses of
This story is probably the origin of the idea that new words, including numerous technical terms.
13 people shouldn’t sit at the table to eat. Traditionally, a word had to be used five times,
in five different places, over five years before it
could go into the dictionary. However, now in the
21st century, with new technology, new words
and uses are included much more quickly. For
example something like ‘text messaging’ got in
sooner because it became so widely used so
quickly.

Listening and speaking Vocabulary and idioms
The forgetful generation What can your body do?
1 T 11.8 Listen to the introduction to a radio programme called 1 As a class, write all the parts of the body
What’s Your Problem? and answer the questions. that you know on the board.
• What problem are they talking about? 2 Work with a partner. Which parts of the
• What do they think is causing it? body do you use to:
2 Discuss these questions. chew
• Does your lifestyle mean that you have a lot to remember to do each day?
kick
• Do you think modern society is busier and more stressful than 100 years ago? lick stare
bite
• How do you remember all the things that you have to do each day?
3 T 11.9 Listen to Ellen, Josh, and Fiona, and take notes. hold
think hit
What did they forget? What did they do?
drop
Ellen
climb
3 Match a verb from exercise 2 with a noun
or phrase from the box.
Josh
a ladder an ice-cream
litter on the ground into an apple
about the meaning of life a football
a baby in your arms gum
Fiona
a nail with a hammer into space
4 T 11.10 Listen to the rest of the radio programme and

answer the questions.
1 What is Professor Alan Buchan’s job?
2 What is it about some modern day working practices
that causes forgetfulness?
3 Why did the woman think that she was going insane?
4 What was the woman’s problem?
5 What helped the woman feel more relaxed?
6 Does Professor Buchan advise using a computer to
help remember things?
7 What does he advise? Why?
8 How does the presenter try to be funny at the end
of the interview?
What do you think?

• Do you think Professor Buchan’s
explanation for forgetfulness is true?
• Do you know any stories of forgetfulness,
either your own or somebody else’s?

Everyday English
Informal English
1 When we speak, we use a lot of informal language, depending on

who we’re speaking to.

These trainers cost ninety quid!
You’re kidding!
4 Look at these idioms. Can you guess their

meaning?
hold your breath
kiss something goodbye
hit the roof In the conversations, choose the correct expression.
think twice (about something)
kick the habit 1 A What do you say we break for lunch?
B Great idea.
drop someone a line We can grab a sandwich at the snack bar.
I get it.
Complete the sentences. Use the idioms 2 A How are you doing?
above. If necessary, change the form of What are you up to?
the verb. The first letter of each missing B Nothing much. Just sitting around watching TV.
word is given. A You’re such a couch potato.
B Hey, take a break! I work hard all week. I like
1 The best way to stop hiccups is to
Hey, give me a break! to relax at weekends.
h your b and
count to ten. 3 A Quick! Give me your homework so I can copy it.
2 My parents h the r B Look out!
Do your own homework!
No way!
when I said I wanted to leave
university. 4 A Did you mend the TV?
3 I’ve tried so many times to stop biting B Kind of.
Channel 4’s OK, but we still can’t get Sky TV.
my nails, but I just can’t k All right.
the h . A Anything good on tonight?
B Dunno.
4 I almost bought a new sports car, but Look in the paper.
What’s up?
then I t t about it
and realized it wasn’t such a great idea. 5 A What do you call that stuff you use to clean between
your teeth?
5 A I lost my purse with £200 in it.
B What do you mean?
B Well, you can k that A You see!
money g ! It’s like string. White.
You know!
6 D me a l when B Wow!
You mean dental floss.
you know what time you’re coming, Oh!
and I’ll meet you at the airport. A Yeah. That’s it!
WRITING: Words that join ideas 2 Underline the examples of informal language. How do we say them
Go to p118 more formally? Be careful if you try to use them!

Telling it how it is
Reported speech . Reporting verbs . Ways of speaking . You know what they say
starter Look, Mum! I’ve bought a

1 Look at the reported speech. What were the girl’s
words?
car on eBay for £9,000
By a Daily Telegraph Correspondent
She said she was a student.
She asked me what I was doing in London.
She told me she’d arrived on Monday.
2 Here are some reported thoughts. What were my
thoughts?
I thought she worked in an office.
I knew I’d seen her somewhere before.
I wondered if she’d phone me.
I read it in the papers . . .

A three-year-old boy used his mother’s computer
Reported speech to buy a £9,000 car on the Internet auction
site eBay.
1 Read the newspaper article. Who is Jack Neal? Jack Neal’s parents only discovered their 1 You have
What did he do? What happened in the end? son’s successful bid when they received bought a pink
Nissan Figaro.
2 Work with a partner. Complete the article by a message from the website.
reporting the words and thoughts 1–10. The message said they (1) had bought a pink
2 We can’t
Nissan Figaro.
T 12.1 Listen and check. understand it.
3 I was on the Mrs Neal, 36, said that they (2) it.
Net yesterday. She explained that she (3) on the
Net the day before, but she (4)
anything. 4 I didn’t buy
5 I’m so anything.
happy! ‘Jack kept telling us that he (5) so
happy, and that we (6) soon get
a big surprise.’
7 He’s joking. 6 You’ll soon get
Mrs Neal, from Sleaford, Lincs, thought a big surprise!
Jack (7) . He often used the
computer, and she was pretty sure that
he (8) her password .
8 I’m pretty
Her husband, John, 37, phoned the seller sure he knows
9 There has of the car, and explained that there my password.
been a mistake. (9) a mistake.
‘Fortunately he saw the funny side and said
he (10) the car again.’
10 I’ll advertise
the car again. Mr Neal has told Jack to be more careful, and
he has asked his wife to change her password.
94 Unit 12 . Telling it how it is

3 Here are Mr Neal’s words to Jack and his wife. Grammar spot
You’ve got to be more careful, son.
Do you think you could change your password, dear? 1 When we report words or thoughts, we usually move the
How are these words reported in the article? tense back.
‘I’m tired.’ She said she was tired.
4 Report these sentences.
Complete the reported speech.
1 ‘My Jack is very clever,’ his mother said.
Mrs Neal said her son was very clever. ‘I’ve read the book before.’ She told me .
2 ‘He usually plays computer games,’ she told me. ‘You’ll like it.’ She was sure I .
3 ‘I bought the computer for my work,’ his father 2 What does tell mean in these two sentences?
explained. She told me that she liked me.
4 ‘I won’t use eBay anymore,’ Mrs Neal decided. She told me to go away.
5 ‘I don’t know how it happened,’ said Jack. 3 When we report questions, there is no inversion, and no
6 ‘I’ve always liked computers,’ he told reporters. do/does/did.
7 ‘Please tidy your room,’ his mother asked Jack. ‘Where do you live?’ He asked me where I lived.
8 ‘Go and play football,’ his father told him.
Report these questions.
T 12.2 Listen and check. ‘How long are you staying?’ She asked me . . .
‘Do you know Mike?’ She wanted to know if . . .
Reported questions
Grammar Reference 12.1–12.3 p150
5 Read the newspaper article below. Match the direct
questions and thoughts to numbers 1–7 in the article,
then report them. 6 Imagine you were stopped by the police and asked these
Why did you do it? questions. Report them.
Has there been a road accident? ‘Where are you going?’ (ask)
Are you going to arrest me? What’s happening? They asked me where I was going.
‘Where have you been?’ (ask)
Where did the money come from? ‘Do you live in the area? (want to know)
Why are you giving ‘How old are you?’ (wonder)
away all your money? ‘Were you with friends?’ (want to know)
Do you know the man? ‘Have you been using your phone whilst driving?’
(demand to know)
T 12.3 Listen and check. Repeat the reported ‘What time did you leave home?’ (ask if I could remember)
questions. T 12.4 Listen and compare. Look at T12.4 on p133 and

practise the conversation with a partner.
Man throws away £20,000 in town centre

Daily Mail Reporter
A mystery man started a riot in a busy town Flower seller Cadwyn Thomas saw the man,
centre yesterday by hurling £20,000 in who was wearing a red Welsh rugby shirt. ‘I
banknotes into the air. asked him (4) all his money,
Traffic was stopped at 11.00 a.m. in Alexandra but he didn’t answer. He just laughed.’
Road, Aberystwyth, mid-Wales, as money Police asked Cadwyn if she (5)
rained down from the sky. . ‘I told them I’d never seen him before. He
Local shopkeeper Anthony Jones, 55, said ‘I certainly wasn’t from around here.’
couldn’t understand it, so I asked my neighbour Dyfed-Powys police later confirmed that a
(1) what was happening . ’ They saw people on forty-year-old man from Aberystwyth had been
their hands and knees grabbing money. ‘No one questioned. ‘He refused to tell us
knew (2) ,’ he said. ‘They (6) ,’ a spokesman said, ‘so
were just stuffing it in their pockets.’ it’s a complete mystery. He wanted to know if
Passer-by Eleanor Morris said, ‘I wondered we (7) arrest him, but giving
(3) , because the traffic was away money isn’t against the law.’
at a complete standstill.’
Unit 12 . Telling it how it is 95
PRACTICE
But you said . . . ! Reporting verbs
1 Complete the conversations with an idea of your own. 4 Match the reporting verbs in the box with the direct
speech.
1 A Bill’s coming round for dinner tonight.
B Really? I thought you said he wasn’t feeling well. a invite b persuade c explain d promise
2 A Oh, no! I’ve spilt tomato ketchup on my white e ask f remind g offer h encourage
shirt!
1 e ‘Can you help me?’ she said to me.
B I told you to be careful. I knew .
2 ‘Don’t forget to post the letter,’ he said to her.
3 A Did you get me a drink? 3 ‘I really will work hard for my exams,’ she said.
B Sorry. I didn’t realize . What would 4 ‘Come to my wedding,’ she said to me.
you like?
5 ‘You really must go travelling. You’d love it,’ she
4 A I’m getting married next June! said to me.
B Are you? I didn’t know . 6 ‘I’ll give you a lift to the airport,’ he said to me.
Congratulations!
7 ‘I’m not sure about this job.’ ‘Go on! Apply for it!
5 A Oh, no! It’s raining! You’d be good at it,’ he said. ‘OK, I will,’ I replied.
B Really? But the weather forecast said . 8 ‘I’ve been very busy,’ she said.
6 A You left the doors and windows of the flat open 5 Report the sentences using the reporting verbs.
this morning. She asked me to help her.
B I’m sorry. I was pretty sure I
everything. T 12.7 Listen and check.
7 A Where did Tom go last night? She didn’t say that!

B I’ve no idea .
6 T 12.8 Listen to the conversations. What mistakes do
T 12.5 Listen and compare. Practise the conversations. the people make when they report the conversations?
The interview 1 Merinda rang from work. She said

she’d phone you again later.
2 Work with a partner. Think of questions you are asked
when you have a job interview.
How old are you? Full-time RECEPTIONIST
required in ★ ★ ★ ★ London Hotel
She didn’t say she’d phone later. She asked Jenny to phone her.
Where have you worked before? Experience and
Do you like working in a team? foreign language preferred 2 I’ve got a job as manager! I’m going
Annual salary £19k
Please send CVs to: to earn £30,000 a year!
info@hotelcharlesIII.com
3 Julia has just been for a job interview as a receptionist. 3 My mum said you couldn’t have a turn.
She’s telling her friend about it.
They asked me why I wanted the job.
They asked me if I had any experience. 4
They wanted to know if I could do word processing. James - Ross rang. Meet him inside
the football stadium at 6.30.
What other questions do you think they asked?
Use ideas from exercise 2.
5
T 12.6 Listen and compare. Tom offered to mend my computer. He said
he was sure he could do it. He wanted £75!

VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING suggest
Ways of speaking
argue
1 There are many verbs that describe ways of speaking.
to discuss to promise to agree good idea
disagreeing
Add two more verbs from the box to each category in red
on the diagram. talk
advise chat scream row accuse
recommend whisper criticize
gossip social
order quarrel demand protest deny
shout
2 Write in a verb from the diagram. Sometimes there is ways of
volume
more than one possibility. speaking
1 to a mate about football
2 with your parents about staying out late in a court
3 at the kids because they’re annoying you admit of law
4 that you made a mistake
5 to the waiter about the cold soup
6 if you see blood/your favourite sports star expressing
dislike giving
7 against the war/about pay and conditions commands
8 that your friend should see a doctor
3 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition
(or no preposition). complain
1 I talk my kids everything.
2 My boss criticizes me my work. tell
3 I agree you most things, but not politics.
4 I discuss everything my wife.
5 People love gossiping celebrities.
6 The teacher accused me cheating in the exam.
4 Work with a partner. Think of a sentence to complete these
ways of speaking.
My mother told me to tidy my room.
1 My mother me 2 My friends suggested

advised I we . . .
The teacher the students to . . . admitted that
told My brother complained the teacher . . .
My doctor ...
persuaded ...
5 With your partner, write a conversation that illustrates

some of the verbs on this page. Act it out to the class.
A Have you been out spending money again?
We just can’t afford it!
B Don’t be so mean! It’s only a few pounds!
The others must say who the people are and what they’re
talking about.
It’s a husband and wife. They’re arguing. He’s complaining that
she spends too much money. She accuses him of being mean.

Tales of dangerous journeys HANNIBAL
1 Close your eyes. Imagine you are one of 90,000 crosses the Alps
people. You are travelling together, on foot, over
mountains, rivers and plains. It’s winter. What 247-182 BC
problems would you face?
2 You are going to read about two famous leaders, Early years
Hannibal Barca and Mao Zedong. They both
undertook remarkable journeys with thousands Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage, North Africa, (now a suburb
of people. What difficulties can you anticipate? of Tunis, Tunisia) in 247 BC. At that time this once prosperous
seaport was losing a long and exhausting war with the Romans over
3 Divide into two groups. who should rule the western Mediterranean. His father, Hamilcar,
Group A Read about Hannibal was a general in the army, and it is said that he ordered his son to hate
Group B Read about Mao Zedong the Romans forever.
First read about your leader’s Early Years. The 23-year-long war was finally lost in 241 BC. Hannibal and his
Answer the questions with your group. family moved to Spain, where the Carthaginians were trying to build
a new empire. Hannibal grew up to be a bold and fearless fighter like
1 How did his father influence his life? his father, and eventually became commander of the army. In 218 BC
2 Who were the enemy? the Romans again threatened to attack. In a daring and dangerous
3 Where did he move to? plan Hannibal decided to march from Spain to Italy before the
4 Why did they set off on such a long journey? Romans had even declared war. This march was to be a journey of
2,415 kilometres across both the Pyrenees and the Alps.
4 Read about the journey and answer the

questions. Mao Zedong
1 When did the journey start?
2 How many began it? Who were they? and the Long March
3 What kind of leader was he?
4 What problems did they face on the way? 1893–1976
5 How long did the journey last?
6 How did it end? How many survived? Early years
5 Read the final part. What happened to the leader Mao Zedong (Mao Tse Tung) was born in Hunan province in
after the journey? Southern China in 1893. His father was an ambitious but illiterate
farmer, who advised his to son to get the education he didn’t have.
6 Find someone from the other group. Go through
the questions again and compare the leaders At university Mao became active in revolutionary student groups
and their journeys. Use the maps to help. What and, in 1921, helped found the Chinese Communist Party. He
established a base in the remote Jiangxi province, where they
similarities can you find? How many years
formed the Red Army to fight against the Nationalist Government
separate the two journeys?
under Chiang Kai-shek. However, in 1934, they were forced to
escape from the area. They set off on a remarkable journey, which
What do you think? became known as the Long March.
• Which journey was more dangerous? Why?
• Can you imagine such a journey on foot taking
place today? Where and why might it happen?
WRITING: Correcting mistakes (2)

Go to p119

The journey
In May, 218 BC, Hannibal left Spain with an army of about 90,000
men and 37 elephants, which he believed were needed to get
them over the mountains. Under his inspiring leadership, they
marched through Spain to the Pyrenees. When his troops saw the
mountains, many of them refused to go any further. Hannibal knew
that unwilling soldiers make bad soldiers, and he invited them to
leave. Thousands of them did. The rest marched on to the South of
France, moving about 16 kilometres a day. They reached the river
Rhone and accomplished the unbelievable task of building huge
rafts to ferry the elephants across. Some fell off but managed to
swim using their trunks as snorkels. It was now autumn, and snow
started to fall as they approached the Alps. The army, helped by the
elephants, struggled on, slipping and sliding over ice and snow, over
the main pass. Finally, they were in sight of Italy. Their five-month
journey at an end, Hannibal’s army of 90,000 was reduced to
36,000. Winter storms now killed all but one of his elephants. Final years
In some ways Hannibal’s march was hugely successful because
he took the Romans by surprise and initially defeated them in
numerous battles. However, after many years and many more
battles his army failed to overcome Rome’s superior resources
and manpower. Hannibal, who had been 29 at the start of
his journey, sailed back to North Africa aged 45. He finally
committed suicide in 182 BC, aged 65. Despite his final defeat,
he is still recognized as one of the greatest military leaders in
history.
The Long March

The march began on October 16th. No one was sure where they
were going but 86,000 men and 30 women, including Mao’s wife,
set out to walk from the south to the north of China. The journey
took one year, ending in the Shaanxi province.
They started the march quite well, armed with 33,243 guns,
but five weeks later suffered their first disastrous defeat at the
Xiang River crossing. They lost 56,000 men and much of their
equipment was thrown into the river.
Although some party officials complained that Mao’s march
was killing too many soldiers, he became leader of both the Red
Army and the Communist party at this time. He was a tough but
popular leader.
One of the worst experiences was crossing the Great Snowy
Mountains, 5,000 metres high. Many men died from lack of
oxygen. Exhausted, they knew that to stop to rest meant certain
death. If they managed to reach the top, it was best to sit down
and slide to the bottom on the ice. Many men were catapulted
over cliffs. Later years
It was now September 1935 and the army had to cross the The Long March began the ascent to power of Mao Zedong.
Marshland, between the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. It looked On October 1, 1949, he proclaimed the People’s Republic
innocent, covered with flowers, but beneath the flowers were bogs of China and the Great Cultural Revolution followed.
that could swallow a man in a minute. Mao lost more men during This radically changed every aspect of Chinese society. In
this seven day trek than in the Snowy Mountains. October 1966, Mao’s Little Red Book was published, and his
Eventually, on October 19th, after marching for 370 days and ideas were taught throughout the country. Mao’s image was
12,500 kilometres they reached Shaanxi province. Of the 86,000 displayed everywhere: in homes, offices, shops and streets.
who began, only 4,000 remained. He finally died on September 9th, 1976, aged 82.
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
You know what they say . . .
1 Some people like to bring a conversation to an end with

a cliché. Nothing else needs to be said, the cliché says
it all! Underline the clichés in these conversations.
‘I didn’t get that job I applied for. They said I need more
experience.’
‘Oh, well! You win some, you lose some.’
‘Did you know 25% of the world speaks English?’

‘Well I never! You learn something new every day!’
2 Match the lines in A with the clichés in B.
A B
1 I’m so fed up! I lost my mobile yesterday. Never mind. We all make mistakes.
I got the time wrong, and I missed my plane. Cheer up! It’s not the end of the world.
2 Here’s my essay. I’m sorry I didn’t hand it in on time. Oh well, better late than never.
So you like Russian novels, do you? So do I! Great minds think alike.
3 Tim’s strange. He’s not like me at all. You did your best. You can’t do any more.
I worked so hard for that exam, and I still failed. It takes all sorts to make a world.
4 I’ve got ten exams in the next two weeks. Rather you than me.
I’ve got three months’ holiday! It’s all right for some.
5 I’m going to pack some anti-malaria tablets. No news is good news.

I haven’t heard from my kids for weeks! Good idea. Better safe than sorry.
6 That presentation was awful. I hated it. It could be worse. You could have hurt someone.
I reversed into a wall and broke a tail light. You can say that again. I couldn’t stand it.
7 She’s been so sad since her husband died. I’m sure it’s tough, but time’s a great healer.
I wonder if he’ll be happy in his new job? Only time will tell.
8 I just don’t understand Tom’s attitude to life. Oh, well. You live and learn.
I trusted Peter, and he stole all my money! Live and let live. That’s what I say.
3 T 12.11 Listen and check.
And finally . . .
In the words of William Shakespeare …
All’s well that ends well.

101
WRITING
UNIT 1 Correcting mistakes (1) p103 Finding and correcting language mistakes in an informal letter
Unit 2 Letters and emails p104 Beginnings and endings; formal and informal language
Unit 3 A narrative p106 Telling a story; linking ideas and adding detail
Unit 4 For and against p108 Useful words and phrases
Unit 5 Making a reservation p109 Sending an email to ask for information
Unit 6 A description (1) p110 Describing a room; relative pronouns, participles
Unit 7 An email of application p112 Useful words and phrases
Unit 8 From notes to writing p114 Developing a piece of writing from notes
Unit 9 A description (2) p116 Describing a person’s physical appearance, character, and habits
Unit 10 Writing a biography p117 Combining sentences to avoid repetition
Unit 11 Words that join ideas p118 In fact, actually, of course, naturally, . . .
Unit 12 Correcting mistakes (2) p119 Finding and correcting language in an email
REFERENCE
Tapescripts p120 Grammar Reference p134 Pairwork activities p151
Irregular verbs p157 Verb patterns p158 Phonetic symbols p159
102
Writing
UNIT 1 p13
Correcting mistakes (1)

T Tense WW Wrong word
1 It is important to try to correct your own mistakes when you write. Prep Preposition P Punctuation
Look at the email that a student has sent to her friend. Her teacher Gr Grammar Sp Spelling
has used symbols to show her the kind of mistakes she has made. WO Word order
Y Word missing
Read the email and correct the mistakes.
To: Stephanie128@lightspeed.net
Subject: Hello from Kati
Dear Stephanie
Prep Gr
How are you? I’m very well. I came in Dublin two weeks ago for to study at a language school.
P Gr Gr
I want learn english because is a very important language. I’m stay with a Irish family. They’ve
Y Y
Gr Gr
got two son and a daughter. Mr Kendall is teacher and Mrs Kendall work in a hospital. The Irish
Y
Gr
is very kind, but they speak very quickly!
P WW
I study in the morning. My teachers name is Ann. She said me that my English is OK, but I
WW Gr WO
do a lot of mistakes. Ann don’t give us too much homework, so in the afternoons I go always
Gr WO
sightseeing. Dublin is much more big than my city. I like very much shopping and I’m very
Gr Prep T
interesting for fashion, so I visit shops and markets. I’ve met a girl named Martina. She came
Gr T
from Spain and go to Trinity College. Yesterday we go to a tennis match, but it wasn’t very
Sp
exiting.
WW
Do you like to visit me? Why don’t you come for a weekend?
I’d love to see you.
Love,
Kati

1 Where is Kati? Where is she staying?
2 Why is she there?
3 What does she do each day?
4 What does she do in her free time?
5 Who has she met?
3 Imagine that you are a student in another city. Answer the questions in exercise 2 about you.
4 Write a similar email to a friend back in your country. Write 150–200 words.
Writing Unit 1 103
UNIT 2 p21
Letters and emails

Beginnings and endings
1 How many different ways can you think of to start and 2 Read extracts 1–11 from some letters and emails. Which
end a letter or email? are beginnings and which are endings? Write B or E.
wishes madam All Hi! sir 1 Just a note to say thank you so much for having me
Dear Lots of love best to stay last weekend. B
2 Thank you for your letter of 16 April. Please find
sincerely Yours faithfully enclosed a cheque for £50.00.
3 Write or better still, email me soon.
4 How are you doing? You’ll never guess who I saw
last week at Dan’s.
Annie Souch
27 Salford Road 5 I am writing in response to your advertisement in
Chipping Norton yesterday’s Daily Star.
Oxon OX7 5FF 6 We trust this arrangement meets with your
Matilda Bayes <mpbayes@calverton.com> satisfaction.
Barnabas Henryroy <BHR1508@conwyinc.co.uk>
7 I’m sorry I haven’t been in touch for such a long
: time.
8 I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest
convenience.
9 I thought I’d write rather than email for a change.
10 Give my regards to Robert.
11 Take care and thanks again.
110 LONDON ROAD, Braintree
044 1778 33221144 3 Look again at the sentences in exercise 2. Which are
044 1765 44335689
www.essexcars-braintree.co.uk formal, and which are informal? Underline the words
and phrases which helped you decide.
From: Daniel Store ‘daniel.stor

e@goldston e.org.uk’
To: Florence Hucknall ‘flo
rrie@33baby.com’
Date:
Subject:
DESIGN
BATESON
PUJOLS – FRANCE
BULLINGDON
FOTO: R.
NEW
CARD
T O U L O U S E
G R E E T I N G S
104 Writing Unit 2
4 Match the beginnings and endings of these different letters and emails.
Beginnings Endings
1 Dear Mary and Dave, • Many thanks. I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
Any chance that you two are free next Sat. p.m.? Yours faithfully,
James Fox
2 Dear Jane, • We apologize for the inconvenience and will have pleasure in
Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear processing your order as soon as we receive the additional amount.
from you after such a long time. You asked me Yours sincerely,
what I’ve been doing. Well, . . . Thames Valley Computer Software
3 Dear Sir/Madam, • It would be lovely to see you some time. Do you ever come
I saw an advertisement in the Daily Telegraph for to London? We could meet for lunch.
weekend breaks at your hotel. Love
Pat
4 Hi Pete, • Let me know asap.
Thanks for the invite. All the best,
Martin
5 Dear Mr Smith, • Can’t wait to see you. Let’s hope it stays fine.
We received your order for the Encyclopedia Love to Ellie. See you then.
World CD ROM, and your cheque for £75. Deborah
5 Continue the beginnings with one of these lines. 7 You have just found the email address
Could you please send me your brochure and a price list? I would be of an old friend on the website Friends
most grateful. Reunited. Write an email to him/her.
Give your news, describe some things that
I’ve changed my job a few times since I last spoke to you, and as you know,
you have done recently, and say what your
I’ve moved to a new flat.
future plans are. Ask about his/her news
Unfortunately, this amount did not include packing and postage, and family.
which is £7.50.
We’ve got four tickets for a flower show in Woodstock. Interested?
We’d love to come. From:
To:
6 Which one . . . Date:
Subject:
• asks for information?
• invites?
• asks for further payment?
• accepts an invitation?
• gives news?
Underline the words and phrases which helped you decide.
Writing Unit 2 105
UNIT 3 p25
A narrative
Telling a story – linking ideas

1 Read the story. Where do clauses a–f go?
a as soon as their father had died There was once an old, dying farmer (1) . Before he died he wanted
b who had worked hard on his farm all to teach his three sons how to be good farmers. So he called them to his
his life bedside and said, ‘My boys, I have an important secret to tell you: there is
c what their father had meant by the a great treasure buried in the land. Promise me that you will look for it
great treasure
d and while they were working they when I am dead.’
thought about what their father had The sons gave their promise and (2) they began looking for the
said treasure. They worked very hard in the hot sun (3) . They pictured boxes
e because they felt that all their hard of gold coins, diamond necklaces, and other such things. (4) but they
work had been for nothing found not a single penny. They were very upset (5) . However, a few
f Soon they had dug up every inch of
the land months later crops started to grow. They were the biggest and best in the
neighbourhood and they sold them for a lot of money. Now the sons
Complete the moral.
understood (6) and they lived happily ever after.

106 Writing Unit 3
2 Complete the sentences using a linking word from the box. Use each linking word once only.

There was once an emperor lived in a palace.
before
He had three daughters no sons.
as soon as
He wanted his daughters to marry he died. while
He found three princes. , his daughters didn’t like them. during
They refused to marry the princes , the emperor became very angry. when
He said they must get married they were sixteen years old. but
The three daughters ran away the night and found work on a farm. However
so
They decided to marry the farmer’s sons they were working there.
who
They married the sons they were sixteen.
3 In what ways are these sentences different

from the ones in exercise 2?
There was once an old emperor who
lived in an enormous, golden palace in
the middle of the city Ping Chong.
He had three beautiful daughters, but
unfortunately no sons.
Continue rewriting the story, adding more

detail to make it more interesting.
4 Write a folk tale or fairy story that you know.
Write about 200 words.
Begin:
There was/were once ...
or
Once upon a time there
was/were ...
End:
... and they lived happily ever
after.
If your story has a moral, give it at the end.
Writing Unit 3 107
UNIT 4 p33
For and against

1 Read the text. Replace the underlined words and phrases
with those in the box.
in my opinion, One advantage is that For instance
One disadvantage is that pros and cons All things considered
Finally In conclusion In fact,
Another point is that Moreover
Childh o od
– the best time of your life
1 Some people say that childhood is the best
time of your life. However, being a child has
both advantages and disadvantages.
2 On the plus side, you have very few responsibilities.
For example, you don’t have to go to work, pay
bills, or do the shopping, cooking, or cleaning. This
means you have plenty of free time to do whatever
you want – watch TV; play on the computer; go out
with friends; play sports, or pursue other hobbies.
On top of that, public transport and sports centres
cost much less for children. All in all, being a child
is an exciting, action-packed time in life.
3 However, for every plus there is a minus. For one
thing, you have to spend all day at school. Studying
usually means you have to do homework, and you
have to take exams. What is more, you may have a
lot of free time, but you are rarely allowed to do
whatever you want. You usually have to ask your
parents if you can do things, from going shopping 4 To sum up, although some people see childhood as
in town to staying out late or meeting friends. Last the best time in life, I think that children have no
of all, although there are often cheaper prices for real choice, independence, or money. Nevertheless,
children, things are still expensive – and parents it is true that choice, money, and independence
are not always generous with pocket money. all bring responsibilities and restrictions – which
There’s never enough to do everything you want. increase with age.
The reality is that sometimes there’s not enough to
do anything at all!
2 There are four paragraphs. What is the purpose of each one? 4 You are going to write a ‘for and against’
essay. Write a list of pros and cons for one
3 Match the pros with the cons.
of these topics.
Pros Cons 1 Getting older
1 don’t have to go to work are never given enough pocket money 2 Having a university degree
2 can go out with friends have to do homework and take exams 5 Use your ideas from exercise 4 to write
3 don’t have to cook and clean have to go to school all day four paragraphs. Write about 250 words.
4 costs less to do things need to ask your parents’ permission
108 Writing Unit 4

UNIT 5 p42
Making a reservation
1 Janet Cooper wants to go on holiday with her family. She emails the SEA VIEW B&B
Sea View B&B to see if they have the accommodation she wants. Look www.seaviewb&b.com
at the advert for the Sea View B&B and fill in the details at the top of
the email.
2 Put the words in order, and write them into the message part of
Janet’s email.
To:
Get away from the city.
From Janet Cooper Escape to the peace and quiet
Subject: of Cornwall!
For reservations and enquiries contact
Anne Westcombe:
Phone/Fax: 01326 230579
email: reservations@seaviewb&b.com
Dear Ms Westcombe
a two / rooms / bed and breakfast / I / to /

would like / reserve / at / your
b 27 August / We / on / are / arriving

c six / hope / stay / to / We / for / nights /
departing / 2 September / on
d and / husband / would like / room / I / My / double / with /

en-suite bathroom / an / preferably / a
e also / reserve / two / to / I / a / room / for /

would / like / teenage / our / daughters
f sea / the / possible / Would / have / it / rooms /

to / facing / be / ?
g available / for / you / Do / have / dates / these / rooms / ?

h also / me / you / Could / tell / room / each / price / the / of / ?
i from / I / forward / look / you / to / hearing
3 Write a reply email to Janet. Include the following information:

• thank her for her enquiry
• say you are pleased to confirm her reservation for the rooms she wants and for
the dates she wants
• tell her that all the rooms come with en-suite bathroom and a sea view
• each room is £50 per night
• end the email saying that you look forward to welcoming her and her family to
the B&B
• finish with Yours sincerely, Anne Westcombe
Writing Unit 5 109
UNIT 6 p53
A description (1)
Describing a room – relative
pronouns, participles
1 Think of your favourite room. Draw a
plan of it on a piece of paper. Write down
My favourite room
why you like it and some adjectives to
describe it.
My favourite room is . . . I like it because . . .
Show a partner your plan and talk about
your room.
2 Read the description. Why is this kitchen
more than just a room where you cook
and eat?
3 Complete the description using these
relative clauses:
which tells the story
that we’re going to next Saturday
where we cook and eat
whose family have all emigrated
which is the focal point of the room
which means
we haven’t seen
I like best
who are cross and sleepy
where family and friends come together
Grammar spot
1 Underline the relative pronouns in
exercise 3. What do they refer to? When
T
do we use which, who, that, where, and
whose? he room in our house (1) is our kitchen. Perhaps the
2 Look at the these sentences. We can kitchen is the most important room in many houses, but it is
omit the relative pronoun from one in particularly so in our house because it’s not only (2) ,
each pair. Which one? Why? but it’s also the place (3) .
This is the room which I like best. / This is I have so many happy memories of times spent there: ordinary
the room which has a good view of the sea. daily events such as making breakfast on dark, cold winter
He’s a friend who we haven’t seen for years. / mornings for children (4) , before sending them off to
He’s a friend who lives in Jeddah.
school; or special occasions such as homecomings or cooking a big
3 Look at these examples of participles. family dinner. Whenever we have guests, people gravitate to the
Rewrite them with relative pronouns.
kitchen. It always ends up the fullest and noisiest room in the
I have so many happy memories of times
spent there. house.
There is a large window looking out onto So what does this special room look like? It’s quite big, but not
two apple trees in the garden. huge. It’s big enough to have a good-sized rectangular table in the
centre, (5) . There is a large window above the sink, looking
110 Writing Unit 6
4 Link these sentences with the correct
relative pronoun: who, which, that,
where, whose.
1 The blonde lady is Pat. She’s wearing a
black dress.
2 There’s the hospital. My sister works
there.
3 The postcard arrived this morning. It’s
from Auntie Nancy.
4 I passed all my exams. This made my
father very proud.
5 Did you meet the girl? Her mother
teaches French.
5 Complete the sentences with a word from
the box in the present or past participle.
play give stick listen arrange
1 I spend hours in my room,

to the radio.
2 I have lots of posters on
the walls.
3 My brother is in his bedroom,
on his computer.
4 There are photos of my family
on my shelves.
5 I also have a colour TV to
me by my parents.
6 Write a similar description of your

favourite room in about 250 words.
Describe it and give reasons why you like
out onto two apple trees in the garden. There’s a big, old cooking it. Use relative pronouns and participles
stove at one end, and at the other end a wall with a huge notice to link your sentences.
board (6) of our lives, past, present, and future: a school
photo of the kids; a postcard from Auntie Nancy, (7) to
Australia; the menu from a take-away Chinese restaurant; an
invitation to a wedding (8) ; a letter from a friend
(9) for years. All our world is there for everyone to read!
The front door is seldom used in our house, only by strangers.
All our friends use the back door (10) they come straight
into the kitchen and join in whatever is happening there. The kettle
goes on immediately and then we all sit round the table, drinking
tea and putting the world to rights! Without doubt some of the
happiest times of my life have been spent in our kitchen.
Writing Unit 6 111
UNIT 7 p55
An email of application
1 Read Nigel’s email of application and complete it using the phrases
and words in the box.
I consider myself experience widely
As you will see hard-working fluently
I am writing in reply advertisement CV
I look forward to hearing on business deadlines
To: David.Benton@worldwatcheurope.com Attachment: CV_NW.doc

Subject: Application_Business Journalist. Ref_009BT
Dear Mr Benton,
to your in today’s Guardian for a journalist based

in Geneva.
from the attached , I studied journalism and

modern languages at University College, London, and went on to do a
master’s in journalism at Queen Mary’s College, London.
the ideal candidate for the job because I have all the
relevant . In my present job I am in charge of Eastern Europe
publications for Intertec Publishing. Before this, I worked for the BBC World
Service, at first covering Mexico and Argentina, then Europe. I have travelled
in South America and Europe. In my present job I frequently go to
Japan . I speak French, German, and Spanish .
I am an enthusiastic and person. I am good at organizing people

and can meet .
from you.
Sincerely,
Nigel Watson
e: n.watson@hmail.com
t: 07969690090
112 Writing Unit 7
1 What job is Nigel applying for?
2 Where did he hear about the vacancy?
3 What has he attached to the email application?
4 Look at his email and the advert. Why does he think he is right for the job?
Worldwatch Europe WW e
Business Journalist
This international business magazine, with 1,000,000
readers worldwide, is seeking a journalist, based in
Geneva, to cover business news in Europe.
Requirements:
• a master’s degree in journalism
• at least two years’ experience in business journalism
• fluent in French and German. If possible, some knowledge
of Spanish
• excellent communication skills
• international travel experience is a plus
Please email CV and covering letter to:

David.Benton@worldwatcheurope.com
Job Reference: 009_BJ
Visit us on the web: http://www.worldwatcheurope.com
3 You are going to write a letter of application. Read the job advertisement below.
TRANS-GLOBE TOURS
Tour guides
We are looking for enthusiastic, hard-working, friendly people who
– have good interpersonal skills
– speak two or more languages fluently
– have a genuine interest in other countries and cultures
– want to see the world
Please apply with CV via email to:
Martin Ruane, Personnel Manager martin.ruane@trans-globetours.com
Trans-Globe Tours, Victoria Square, London SW1 6VC
4 Answer the questions in exercise 2 about you. Use your answers to write your letter
of application for Trans-Globe Tours. Write about 200 words.
Writing Unit 7 113
UNIT 8 p68
NEW
from notes to writing
A famous town or city
1 Write down everything you know about New York City.
YORK
Collect all your ideas as a class.
2 Work with a partner and study the diagram about
New York. Compare the information with your ideas.
CITY
Hudson River
y
same latitude as

ph
Naples and Madrid

a
Dutch 1614 / New Amsterdam

gr
o
British 1664 / New York

Ge
or
19th c./ immigration Although New York City is not the capital
st
of the United States, its influence is seen

Hi
20th c./ economic boom

throughout the world. Its nickname,
Sept. 11th 2001 (1) “ ”, was given to it by early
densely populated immigrants because the city seemed so
/ 8,214,246 huge and full of promise.
le
op
36% foreign born

Geography
pe
170 languages
It is located at the mouth of the
Its
(2) and lies on the same latitude

as the European cities of (3) .
‘ The Big Apple’
NEW YORK CITY
History
The Dutch founded the city in 1614, calling
it (4) . However, in (5) it
‘The city that never sleeps’ was captured by the British and renamed
New York. The city grew in importance and
was the US capital until 1790. During the
19th century it was transformed by
Tr
(6) and from the early 20th

a ns
century became a world centre for industry,

commerce, and communication. With
po
the economic (7) came the

rt
12,000 taxis
construction of its distinctive skyline of
3 airports skyscrapers, two of which, the Twin Towers
Grand Central Station of the World Trade Center, were destroyed
in the attacks of (8) , when nearly
Sp
subway / 1.4 billion passengers

3,000 people died.
or
baseball
t
To
u
marathon / 37,000 runners

ris
m
Shopping / 5th Ave.

Empire State Building, etc.
Fo
40 million visitors

od
variety
haute cuisine / burgers
114 Writing
Writing Unit
Unit88
Its people 3 Read and complete the text using the information from
the diagram in exercise 2.
New York is the most (9) and
cosmopolitan city in the United States 4 Read the text again. What extra information to the
with 8,214,246 inhabitants speaking (10) diagram can you find? Give some examples.
languages. 36% of the city’s population is (11)
. Five of the largest ethnic groups are: Puerto 5 Find these words and expressions in the text and discuss
Ricans, Italians, West Indians, Chinese, and Irish. why they are used.
Transport although its However distinctive

two of which whereas is home to with (so much to do)
One in three New Yorkers uses public transport to
get to work, whereas in the rest of the US 90% of
commuters go by car. The New York City Subway, 6 Complete these sentences with the words or expressions
which is open 24/7, is used by (12) a from exercise 5.
year. New York is also home to the famous Grand 1 Tokyo is the biggest city in the world.
Central Station, three major airports, and (13)
distinctive, yellow taxi cabs. population is over 28 million.
2 Britain has many big cities, are
Sport Birmingham and Manchester.
The New York Marathon, held annually on the 3 Manchester one of the most famous
first Sunday of November, is the largest marathon football teams in the world, Manchester United.
in the world. It attracts (14) . However,
many New Yorkers prefer a less energetic jog round 4 The temperature in Canada can be as low as –25ºC in
Central Park. New Yorkers are also keen (15) winter. , in summer it is often over 30ºC.
fans. The two most popular teams are the New York 5 most people in Canada speak English,
Yankees and the New York Mets. French is also an official language.
Tourism 6 It is easy to recognise pictures of Sydney harbour
because of its bridge.
About (16) tourists visit New York City
each year. Major attractions include the Empire 7 Madrid is located in the centre of Spain,
State Building, Times Square, Central Park, Barcelona is on the coast.
and, of course, the luxury (17) along 8 so much to see, it is impossible to do a
Fifth Avenue. Tourists are also attracted by the
tour of Europe in two weeks.
incredible
(18) of places to eat, from diners, with 7 Choose a famous town or city. Research it, make notes
their burgers, bagels, and pizza, to many of the (you could draw a diagram), and then write about it.
finest haute cuisine restaurants in the US, and not Use the headings about New York, or choose headings of
forgetting the Grand Central Oyster Bar, and the your own.
(19) sold on every street corner.
Finally
With so much to do and see it is no surprise that
New York is often called (20) “ ”.
Writing
Writing Unit
Unit 8 115
UNIT 9 p76
A description (2)
Describing a person Emily Morgan, My Aunt
1 Think of someone in your family.
Write answers to questions 1–6 about
him/her.
1 What is his/her name?
2 How is this person related to you?
3 Why are you choosing this person?
4 What is he/she like?
5 What does he/she look like?
6 What does he/she like to do?
Read your sentences to the rest of the class.
2 Look at the photo and read the description
of Emily Morgan. Write the words and
phrases used to describe her on the chart.
physical
appearance
character
habits
Of all my relatives, I like my Aunt Emily the best. She’s
my mother’s youngest sister. She has never married and
3 not very tolerant in paragraph 2 is she lives all alone in a small village near Bath. She’s in
a polite way of saying intolerant. her late fifties, but she’s still quite young in spirit. She
Make polite forms of these words.
1 rude
has a fair complexion, short grey hair, and deep blue
2 boring eyes. She has a kind face, and when you meet her, the
3 cheap first thing you notice about her is her warm, friendly
4 ugly
5 cruel
smile. Her face is a little lined now, but I think she is
6 stupid still rather attractive. She is the kind of person you can
4 Use your sentences from exercise 1 to always go to if you have a problem.
write a similar description of one of
your relatives. Include: Aunt Emily likes reading and gardening, and she likes
• your relation to him/her to go for long walks in the countryside. She’s a very
• your opinion of him/her
• physical description
active person. Either she’s making something or mending
• his/her character, habits, likes and dislikes something or doing something to help others. She does
the shopping for some of the old people in the village.
She’s extremely generous, but not very tolerant of people
who don’t agree with her. I hope that I am as contented
as she is when I am her age.
116 Writing Unit 9
UNIT 10 p81
Writing a biography
Combining sentences
1 Read the sentences in A about Erik Berglund. Compare them with the
paragraph in B. Note all the ways the sentences combine. Underline
the words in A that are not used again in B.
A B
Erik Berglund is a photographer.
He is Swedish. Erik Berglund, the Swedish photographer, who is famous
He is famous worldwide. worldwide for his landscape and wildlife photography, started taking
He is famous for his landscape and wildlife photography. photographs at the age of eight. Born in Stockholm in 1960, Erik left
He started taking photographs at the age of eight. there in 1978 when he won a scholarship to the London School of
He was born in Stockholm in 1960. Photography. Whilst in London, he not only studied photographic
He left Stockholm in 1978. technique, but also became an activist in the environmental
He won a scholarship to the London School of Photography.
movement.
He studied photographic technique.
He became an activist in the environmental movement. Since then he has travelled all over world, taking landscape and
He has travelled all over the world. wildlife photographs for various magazines. He has lived and
ERIK
He has taken landscape and wildlife photographs for worked in many places, including London, New York, and Paris,
various magazines. where he now lives with his daughter and his second wife, the
He has lived and worked in many places. publisher Juliette Maynard.
He has lived and worked in London, New York, and Paris.
He now lives in Paris.
He lives with his daughter and his second wife.
She is a publisher.
She is Juliette Maynard.
2 Alfred Nobel is also Swedish. Why is he famous? Combine 3 Starting as shown, continue the biography of
these sentences about him to form a natural sounding Alfred Nobel.
paragraph. Use the first paragraph on Astrid to help.
Returning to Sweden with his brother Emil in 1852, he ...
Alfred Bernhard Nobel is the man behind the Nobel Prizes.
He was an engineer. He returned to Sweden in 1852.
He was an inventor and a poet. He returned with his brother Emil.
He was born in Stockholm in 1833. They worked in their father’s factory.
He left Stockholm at the age of nine. The factory was an explosives factory.
His family moved to Russia. An explosion in the factory killed Emil in 1864.
He was educated by private tutors. Alfred was deeply affected.
He studied chemical engineering. He wanted to invent a safer explosive.
He studied languages and literature. He invented one in 1867.
He studied in the United States He called it ‘dynamite’.
and France. He started to set up dynamite factories.
He founded factories in many parts of the world.
Alfred made a fortune.
Nobel
He died in 1896.
He left $9 million.
He left the money to set up yearly prizes for science,
literature, and world peace.
The prizes are called the Nobel Prizes.
4 Research some facts about a famous man and a

famous woman, dead or alive, who you admire.
Write a short profile for each of them.
Writing Unit 10 117
UNIT 11 p93
Words that join ideas

1 Join the sentences in different ways using the words in brackets.
1 George was rich. He wasn’t a happy man. (but / although / however)
2 Jo rang me from a phone box. She’s lost her mobile. (because / so)
in fact
2 Look at these words and expressions. They prepare people for what you
are going to write or say next. Read and complete the sentences.
1 In fact/Actually (I’m going to add more information to support this statement.)
Peter doesn’t like working in London. In fact, he’s thinking of changing jobs.
Peter and I are engaged. Actually, we . actually
2 Of course/Naturally (What I am going to say is obvious.)
Of course, having a baby has totally changed our lives. of course
Naturally, when I was a child I didn’t
3 Fortunately/Unfortunately (What I am going to say is/is not good news.)
.
naturally
She tried really hard, and fortunately, she passed the exam.
She stood and waited for over an hour, but unfortunately,
fortunately
.
4 Nevertheless (I am going to tell you about a result or effect which is unexpected.) unfortunately
The accident wasn’t her fault. Nevertheless, she felt terrible.
My father didn’t do very well at school. Nevertheless, . nevertheless
5

Anyway (I am going to finish talking about the subject and move on to something new.)
What traffic! I thought I’d never get here. Anyway, now let’s get on with the meeting.
Anyway, you’ve heard enough about me. What ?
anyway
3 Read the email and write the word or words that fit best.
To: Melodycat@hyp.org
Subject: Hi from Jackie and Joe
Hi Melody,
I hope you’re all well. Things are busy here. Maya moved out last week. She found a small apartment not far from here,
(1) (so / anyway) we still see her all the time. She also got a new job at a radio station. (2) (Unfortunately, /
Because) it doesn’t pay very well, (3) (of course / but) at least she likes it. Now that Maya has moved out, it’s
only Joe and me at home. After 24 years of having kids around the house, it’s a little strange to have the place all to
ourselves. (4) , (However / In fact) it’s nice to come home to a clean house at the end of the day. :-)
Samantha is going to graduate from Oberlin College this year. We’re all very proud and (5) (however / of course)
we’re going to celebrate the event together. Samantha says she wants to travel somewhere interesting this summer,
(6) (but / because) she hasn’t decided where to go yet. Joe’s fine, (7) (although / so) he’s been in a
bad mood lately. He hasn’t been able to do much in the garden (8) (because / actually) it’s rained every day for
the last two weeks! (9) , (In fact / Nevertheless) it’s been the rainiest summer for 20 years. (10) ,
(Anyway / Of course) that’s enough of our news. How are you all? What are you up to?
Write back and tell me everything!

Love, Jackie
118 Writing Unit 11
UNIT 12 p98
correcting mistakes (2)

1 Kati was a student of English in Dublin, where she stayed with the Kendall family.
She has now returned home. Read the email she has written to Mr and Mrs Kendall.
Her English has improved, but there are still over 25 mistakes. How many can you find?
To: GillandBobKendall@lightspeed.net Attachment: GoodbyeDublin.jpg

Subject: Hello from Kati
Dear Mr and Mrs Kendall

I am home now since two weeks, but I have to start work immediately, so this is
the first time is possible for me to write. How are you all? Are you busy as usual?
Does Tim still work hard for his exam next month? I am miss you a lot and also all
my friends from Dublin. :-)
Yesterday I’ve received an email from my Spain friend, Martina, and she told me
about some of the other people I met. She say that Atsuko and Yuki will write
me from Japan. I am lucky because I made so many good friend during I was
in Ireland. It was really interesting for me to meet people from so many different
countries. I think that we not only improved our English (I hope this!) but we also
knew people from all over the world and this is important.
My family are fine. They had a good summer holiday by the lake. We are all very
exciting because my brother will get married in December and we like very much
his fiancé. They have looked for a flat near the city centre but it is no easy to find
one. If they won’t find one soon, they will have to stay here with us.
Please can you check something for me? I can’t find my red scarf. I think maybe I
have forgotten it in the cuboard in my bedroom.
Please write soon. My family send best wishes to you all. I hope I can come back
next year. Stay with you was a very wonderful experience for me. Thank you for all
things and excuse my mistakes. I already forget much words.
Love and best wishes to you all,
Kati
P.S. I hope you like the attached photo. It’s nice, isn’t it?
It’s the one you took when I was leaving!
2 Compare the mistakes you have found with a partner.

Correct the email.
3 Write a thank-you email to someone you have stayed with.
Writing Unit 12 119
Tapescripts
Unit 1 4
5
She’s never travelled to Europe before.
She’s been there for two weeks.
J But I couldn’t live without mine. It’s brilliant.
I can call or text my friends all the time from
6 She’s going back to work next week. wherever I am and they can call or text me.
T 1.1 General knowledge quiz 7 Her husband’s a builder. Or if I need a lift from you, Dad …
1 The modern Olympic Games started in 8 He’s got his own business. M You mean like when you need picking up
1896. from a friend’s house?
2 It takes eight minutes for the sun’s rays to T 1.5 See p8 J Yeah, that kind of thing … or if I’m going to
reach the Earth. be home late, or I’m staying late at school or
3 He was walking on the moon. T 1.6 Making conversation whatever – I can just let you and Mum know
4 If you are flying over the International Date D = Dad, E = Elliot what’s happening.
Line, the Pacific Ocean is below you. D Good morning! Did you have a nice time S OK, OK that’s good, but the problem is that
5 A vegetarian doesn’t eat meat. yesterday? people use them too much for every little
6 www. stands for World Wide Web. E Yes, I did. I went round to Toby’s house. thing, you’re never alone.
7 Glasses were invented in Italy around 1300 D Do you want breakfast? M What I really hate is when people shout into
A.D. E No, I don’t, thanks. I’m not hungry. them in public places and everyone has to
8 Brazil has won the World Cup five times. D Have you had any coffee? listen to their boring conversations – you
9 The Titanic was sailing to New York when it E Yes, I have. I don’t want any more, thanks. know that kind of thing – er ‘Hello, it’s me.
sank. D Is Toby coming round tonight? I’m on the bus, you can put the dinner in the
10 Chinese is spoken by the most people in the E No, he isn’t. He’s going out for dinner with oven.’
world. his family. S Sometimes it’s not just boring, it’s really
11 Dinosaurs didn’t attack humans because D OK. Are you leaving for school soon? dangerous, you know, when people use
they became extinct 65 million years ago, E Yes, I am. As soon as I’ve finished this them when they’re driving – I’ve seen lots
before humans were on the earth. exercise. of …
12 People have been sending emails since the J And teachers tell us off if we forget to turn
1970s. T 1.7 them off and they ring in class or you hear
1 Is it hot today? the ‘beep, beep’ of a text message.
T 1.2 S I’ll bet they do. Good manners certainly
2 Is it raining?
1 The sun doesn’t rise in the west! It rises in the 3 Are you wearing trainers? aren’t a wonder of the modern world!
east! 4 Do you usually come to class by bus? M Well, I have to say for me the most amazing
2 Cows don’t eat meat! They eat grass! 5 Are you going out this evening? wonder is an obvious one … it’s the Internet
3 Mercedes-Benz cars aren’t made in Canada! 6 Did you have a good day yesterday? and email. It’s changed the whole world and
They’re made in Germany! 7 Have you got a dictionary? it’s totally transformed my business. Everyone
4 Neil Armstrong didn’t land on the moon in 8 Have you got any pets? at work is always on the computer, checking
1989! He landed in 1969! emails, sending emails. It’s where most of our
5 The Titanic wasn’t sailing to Southampton T 1.8 business is done nowadays.
when it sank! It was sailing to New York! 1 A Do you like studying English? S Yeah, but the bad part is that you’re glued to
6 The Pyramids weren’t built by the Chinese! B Yes, I do. It’s my favourite subject. your computer all day – I reckon people will
They were built by the Egyptians! 2 A Is it a nice day today? forget how to communicate face to face soon,
7 We haven’t been in class for five hours! B No, it isn’t. It’s freezing. it’ll all be through machines. Just because
We’ve been in class for one hour! 3 A Have you seen my pen? you’ve got all these different ways to
8 We aren’t studying Arabic! We’re studying B No, I haven’t. You can borrow mine if you communicate doesn’t mean there’s any more
English! want. to say! I’m glad I didn’t have email and
4 A Are you staying at home this evening? texting in my day.
T 1.3 J Ah, but Grandpa, the way things are going,
B Yes, I am. Do you want to come round?
1 A What did you do last night? 5 A Did you go on holiday last summer? you’ll probably be able to send messages
B I stayed at home and watched television. B No, I didn’t. I couldn’t afford to. through your television soon!
2 A What kind of books do you like reading? S Huh, not in my lifetime I hope!
B Horror stories and science fiction. T 1.9 My wonders
3 A Have you ever been to the United States? T 1.10 See p12
J = Jad, S = Samir, M = Marwan
B Yes, I have. I went there last year.
A Did you like it? J We were doing the wonders of the world in T 1.11
B Yes, I really enjoyed it. school today. You know, the seven ancient 1 food 3 stood 5 read 7 phone
4 A What’s the teacher doing? wonders, the pyramids and such like and we 2 near 4 paid 6 work 8 walk
B He’s helping Hassan with this exercise. got to talking about what modern wonders
5 A What does your father do? would be and well we all thought that … T 1.12 Everyday situations
B He works in a bank. S Huh! I know what the best modern wonder 1 A I need to make an appointment. It’s quite
6 A Why didn’t you do your homework last is for me. I know what’s changed my life, my urgent. I’ve lost a filling.
night? life more than anything else … B We have a cancellation this afternoon.
B Because I didn’t feel well. M What’s that, Dad? 2.45 if that’s OK?
7 A What are you doing next weekend? S The television. It’s got everything – news, A That’s great. I’ll be there.
B I’m going to a wedding. documentaries, sport … Every time I switch it 2 A A medium latte and a muffin, please.
8 A Have you got a TV in your bedroom? on I see something interesting or learn B Have here or take away?
B No, I haven’t. Just a computer. something new. It helps me keep up-to-date A Here, please.
with the rest of the modern world. B That’ll be £3.90 please.
T 1.4 J Well, anyway, we all said at school the very 3 A I can’t make the meeting. I’m stuck in
1 My sister’s a teacher. best thing was the mobile phone … traffic.
2 She’s on holiday at the moment. M I knew it! B Never mind. We’ll start without you and
3 She’s in France. S Huh! I don’t even know how to use one. brief you later.
120 Tapescripts 1.1–1.12
A Oh, hang on! We’re moving again. I I can. I’m opening two shops that sell surfboards from our New York office. I don’t really know
should be there in about an hour. in the next few months. The boards are made in him very well.
4 A Can you put in your PIN number and South Africa. Sunday is my favourite day of the A He’s the guy working on his laptop?
press ‘Enter’? week. I get up as early as I can, and spend the day B That’s him. Wearing a shirt, no tie. He knows
B Oh no! I can’t remember my number for on the beach. everything about technology. And finally
this card. Oh, what is it? Mike that’s Christina talking to Simon. She’s his
A Have you got another card you could use? My wife Jenny and I live on a farm in beautiful PA. She’s …
5 A Sparkling or still? And do you want ice countryside. I know we’re very lucky, but it’s A Sorry. What was that?
and lemon in it? hard work. We rarely have a day off at the B She’s Simon’s PA, Personal Assistant. She
B Sparkling, please. Ice but no lemon. weekend or any day of the year. We have to organizes his diary, but she helps all of us,
A No problem. Is that all? feed the sheep. Now we’re lambing, so we aren’t really. We couldn’t cope without her. She
6 A I don’t think you’ve met Greg. He’s getting any sleep, either. But I suppose our runs the whole place, actually. She’s wearing a
joining us from our New York office. favourite day is Wednesday because that’s the black suit and she’s very smart.
B Hello. Good to meet you. I’ve heard a lot day we generally go to the farmers’ market in A Right. I think I’ve got that …
about you. town. It’s a chance for us to sell things, and we
A Yeah, at last we meet. I’m looking forward really enjoy meeting up with friends and finding T 2.5 Who earns how much?
to working together. out all the local news. Part 1
7 A How many bags are you checking in?
A Well, I reckon that doctors earn quite a lot.
B Just the one. T 2.2 See p15 B Yeah. I think so, too. They have a lot of
A And did you pack it yourself?
responsibility and a lot of training. I’d say that
B Yes, I did. T 2.3 Questions and answers doctors get about … £105,000? What do you
8 A The lift’s on your right. Would you like 1 A Has he got any children? think?
someone to help you with your luggage? B Yes, two. A Could be … or it could be even more,
B No thank you. I’ll manage. 2 A How often does he see them? £120,000.
A OK. If you’re sure. Here’s your key. Enjoy B Once a fortnight. B One of those two, anyway. Shall we look at
your stay. 3 A Why doesn’t he like the morning shift? the high earners first?
9 A Please hold. Your call is important to us. B Because he has to get up at 4.30. A Uh huh. £750,000 …
All our operators are busy at the moment, 4 A How many hours a day does he work? B There’s one higher …
but one of them will be with you shortly. B Ten. A Oh, is there? Oh, yeah. A million. Mmm.
B If I have to wait any longer, I’ll go mad! 5 A What does he like about his job? B I’d say … that has to be the footballer.
C Can I help you? B He likes it because it’s challenging, and he A Yes, definitely. They do earn ridiculous
B At last a real person! Do you know how likes working in a team. amounts of money, don’t they? So what about
long I’ve been on the phone? 6 A What does he think about while he’s £750,000? Who earns three quarters of a
10 A There are still tickets for the Arsenal surfing? million?
match but this Saturday’s game has sold B He only thinks about surfing, nothing else. B Erm … I think that’s the lawyer.
out, I’m afraid. 7 A Where’s he going next month? A As much as that? What about the senior
B That’s fine. We’ll have two, please, one B Costa Rica. director? Do lawyers earn more than them?
adult, and one child. 8 A Is his business doing well? B Maybe, maybe not. I suppose the lawyer
A Right. Two for Chelsea vs Arsenal. The B Yes, it is. He’s opening two shops. could be £105,000, and the Senior Director
gates open at 7. 9 A What do he and his friends do on Sunday £750,000. Senior Directors are in charge of
evenings? huge companies.
Unit 2 B They eat barbecued fish.
T 2.4 The office
A OK. Now … the pilot. Pilots earn quite a lot,
don’t they? They need a lot of experience,
they have people’s lives in their hands … I
T 2.1 My favourite day of the week A = new employee B = established employee think they get … oh, at least a hundred, a
A I don’t know anybody! Can you help me? hundred and fifty.
Adam Who are all these people?
I go to a boarding school, so I don’t live with my B Mmm. I know what you mean, but I don’t
B Uh, well, that’s Simon. He’s sitting at the top think they get as much as that.
parents during term-time. Erm …, what I like of the table reading something.
is being with my friends all the time. Whether A Don’t they? Oh. Anyway, there isn’t 150 on
A He’s the one with glasses wearing a jumper, this list, so …
we’re working or just chatting, it’s great to know right?
that there’s always someone there. There’s also B I reckon pilots get about £65,000 …
B Yeah, that’s it. A OK. I’d say that’s about right …
a lot of freedom. I don’t have to tell my parents A And what does he do?
where I’m going, who I’m going with, you B He’s the Managing Director. He’s the man in T 2.6
know … Normally Monday is my favourite day charge.
because I only have two lessons on a Monday, Part 2
A The boss, in other words. B Let’s go on down to the bottom. What’s the
but I’m having a very bad day today because I B Uh huh. He shouts a lot, but he listens as well.
have homework from every one of my teachers, lowest salary?
Then there’s Edward. He’s wearing a suit. A £11,000. I guess that’s the nurse. They don’t
and I have to do it now! He’s standing up talking to Andy. Edward’s get paid much, nurses.
Terry the Sales Director. He’s charming. He always B I thought they earned more than that,
I work in a restaurant in Manchester. I have has a nice word to say to everyone. Andy’s actually. I know they don’t get much, but even
two days off a week, usually Monday and standing next to him. He’s drinking a coffee. so …
Wednesday, but my favourite day of the week is, He’s wearing a jacket and a scarf. A Then there’s £12,500, and the next up is
in fact, Friday, even though I work that day. It’s A And Andy is the …? £22,500.
the best night because all my mates come into B Andy’s the Accountant. Money, money, B Oh, look! Supermarket cashier. I don’t
the restaurant and we have a great laugh. There’s money. Very bright, very quick. suppose they get much. £12,500, I’d say.
a real buzz to the place, and it doesn’t feel like A Ah, OK. And who’s that talking on his phone? A OK. That seems about right. What about
work at all. Time just flies by. The restaurant’s B In the white shirt and blue trousers? That’s farmers? How much do they get?
being redecorated at the moment, so everything’s Jack; he’s the Human Resources Manager, B I don’t know. It depends what sort of farmer.
a bit crazy. HR Manager. He looks after all the personnel. They can earn a fortune, can’t they?
Dave He’s brilliant. Everyone loves him. Then A I suppose so, yes … But they’re always
I’m a police officer. I like my job because it’s there’s Matthew. He’s the IT Manager. He’s complaining that supermarkets don’t pay
challenging, but I live for surfing. I go as often as only working here for a few months. He’s them enough for what they produce.
Tapescripts 2.1–2.6 121
B I still reckon they get a decent salary. They ‘On the twenty-fourth. I’ll give you a ring 8 What was he doing at half past eight in the
own so much land! I bet they get 50 or 60 when we get home.’ evening?
thousand. 2 And now the business news. The He was having dinner.
A No, I think it’s much lower. I’d say £22,500. unemployment rate has risen slightly this 9 What was he doing at 10 o’clock?
B Hmm. Not so sure. Then we’ve got … month. The national unemployment rate is He was relaxing and watching TV.
teachers. What do they earn? now 4.2%, and in our area, an estimated
A I reckon they get … um … £32,000? 15,000 people are out of work. T 3.4
B But it all depends how many years they’ve 3 ‘Thank you for calling the Royal Hotel. This 1 A I didn’t laugh at his joke.
worked and how many qualifications they’ve is Matt speaking. How can I help you?’ B Why? Had you heard it before?
got. ‘Oh, hi. Do you still have any rooms for 2 A Were you surprised by the ending of the
A Yeah, I know, but we’re talking about the tonight?’ book?
average. ‘Yes, we do.’ B No, because it’s based on a true story.
B Don’t teachers and police officers earn about ‘Great. I’d like a single room for one night, 3 A I went to the airport, but I couldn’t get on
the same? please. Can I pay over the phone?’ the plane.
A Do they? I’m not so sure. I’d say that police ‘Yes, that’s fine. That will be £70. Could I B Why? Had you left your passport at home?
officers get more. What have we got? £32,000 have your name please?’ 4 A I was homesick the whole time I was living
… £36,000. ‘Yes, Simon Dawson.’ in France.
B I think 32 for the police officer and 36 for the ‘Thanks.’ B That’s really sad! Had you never lived
teacher. ‘Can I pay by visa?’ abroad before?
A Um, well, actually I’d say the other way ‘Yes that’s fine. What’s your card number 5 A The hotel where we stayed on holiday was
round. 36 for the police officer and 32 for please?’ awful!
the teacher. My mother’s a teacher, and she ‘It’s 4929 … 7983 … 0621 … 8849.’ B That’s a pity. Hadn’t you stayed there
doesn’t earn anything like that! ‘Let me read that back. 4929 … 7983 … 0621 before?
B What does that leave? We haven’t decided … 8849.’ 6 A I met Hassan’s parents for the first time
about the farmer or the nurse yet. ‘That’s right.’ last Sunday.
A I think the nurse gets less than the farmer. 4 ‘Hey, I really like your shoes! Where d’you B Really? I thought you’d met them before.
She gets the least. buy them?’ 7 A My grandfather had two sons from his first
B Why she? Nurses can be men, you know. ‘At that new shop in town.’ marriage.
A True. Sorry. Nurses – men and women – earn ‘Oh yeah? Next to the post office.’ B Really? I didn’t know he’d been married
less than farmers. ‘Yeah.’ before.
B Men and women. ‘How much were they, if you don’t mind me
A Absolutely. asking?’ T 3.5
‘£39.99 in the sale. Everything’s half price you An amazing thing happened!
T 2.7 Free time activities know, so they were reduced from £79.99.’ S = Sara, W = Wanda
John ‘What a bargain!’
My favourite hobby is cooking, and that’s a 5 ‘How did Jim get on in the athletics S Hi, Wanda. Did you have a good holiday?
thing you do at home, obviously. I cook most tournament?’ W Oh, yeah, we had a great time. But I have
days, though not every day. We also like eating ‘He did really well. He finished second in the to tell you – the most amazing thing
out, you see. What clothes and equipment do 1,500 metres.’ happened.
I need? Uh, well, I always wear a chef’s apron ‘How many people were running?’ S Really? What was that?
to protect my clothes, because you can make a ‘Quite a few. At least fifteen participants W Well, Roy and I were at the beach near the
mess when you’re cooking, and tomatoes and started the race.’ hotel and we were swimming in the sea – it
spices change the colour of your clothes forever! ‘Wow. What on achievement.’ was our first day – and this huge wave came
The most important piece of equipment is along and knocked my sunglasses into the
knives. I’m very fussy about my knives. They’re water. I …
German, and very sharp, and I really look after
them. Obviously in the kitchen you need all
Unit 3 S Why were you swimming in your sunglasses?
W Oh, I don’t know. I’d just left them on top of
sorts of things like pots and pans and casserole my head. I’d forgotten they were there.
dishes and chopping boards and food mixers, T 3.1 See p23 Anyway, they were gone. I couldn’t find them
but I don’t really have a lot of gadgets. I like to anywhere. I was really upset. You know Roy
keep things simple. What I like about cooking T 3.2 had given me those sunglasses as a present
is the fact that it’s creative and it’s real. We have /t/ /d/ /ɪd/ and they were really expensive.
to eat, and what we eat is really important, so stopped pulled decided S I remember – nearly £100.
I like to know that what I’m eating, and what looked answered pointed W Yeah. Anyway, I had to have sunglasses, so I
my family is eating, is good. I actually like all walked opened shouted bought a new pair – just a cheap pair this
the preparation. Going out shopping, seeing smiled time. The next day I was lying on the beach,
the food, feeling it, smelling it, talking to the sunbathing. Then, suddenly another huge
people who are selling it, is half the fun. People
T 3.3 wave …
often ask me what I like cooking, and I don’t 1 What was he doing at 7 o’clock yesterday S You didn’t lose another pair of sunglasses?
really have an answer. Whatever looks good, morning? W No, no. You’ll never believe this – there was
and whatever I feel like cooking that day. The He was packing his suitcase. another huge wave. It completely covered me.
best bit is of course seeing people enjoy my food, 2 What was he doing at 8 o’clock? I was so wet and …
but what’s also very important to me is seeing He was driving to the airport. S Are you sure this was a good holiday?
everyone happy, and enjoying being at the table. 3 What was he doing at 10 o’clock? W Yeah – but listen! When I looked down, there
It’s about the occasion as much as the food. He was flying to Muscat. on the sand, right next to me, were my
4 What was he doing at half past eleven? expensive sunglasses. The ones I had lost the
T 2.8 See p21 He was having a meeting. day before! I couldn’t believe my eyes!
5 What was he doing at half past one in the S You’re joking! That is amazing!
T 2.9 See p21 afternoon?
He was having lunch.
T 3.6 See p25
T 2.10 6 What was he doing at 3 o’clock?
He was visiting Dot Com Enterprises.
T 3.7 Words that sound the same
1 ‘When are you going away on holiday?’
‘On the fifteenth.’ 7 What was he doing at 6 o’clock? knew/new read/red wore/war
‘And when do you get back?’ He was writing a report at the hotel. threw/through flew/’flu
T 3.8 See p25 M Fine. It’s a bit like eating, isn’t it – we all 3 You can go out with your friends.
enjoy fast food sometimes, you know, a 4 I always have to tell my mum and dad where
T 3.9 Classic novels burger, quick and easy. But sometimes you do I’m going.
V = Vicky, M = Mary, S= Sue, W= Wanda want a more satisfying meal! 5 What time do you have to get back home?
6 You aren’t allowed to buy whatever you
V Have you read anything good recently, Mary? T 3.10 See p29 want.
I need to buy some novels for my holiday 7 Adults have to worry about paying the bills.
reading. 8 They can’t always do what they want.
M Er,... well, I’m reading The Grapes of Wrath
again at the moment actually. I’m really
Unit 4 9 We aren’t allowed to bring mobile phones to
class.
enjoying it. 10 I’ve got to go. I’ve got to do my
V Ooh, the classics. Mmmm, I’d rather stick to T 4.1 Teenagers and parents homework.
modern novels. I can’t ... I just find it hard to I = Interviewer, S = Sam, L = Liam
read the classics. T 4.3
W Why? I Tell me, what are some good things about
being a teenager and not an adult? 1 Where’s my briefcase? I’ve got to go to work!
V Er, just reminds me of school too much really. 2 Look at those dirty plates! We’ve got to do
I keep feeling I have to –er, write an essay S Um … well, for one thing, you don’t have to
go to work. the washing-up.
on it or something, you know, ‘compare and 3 Noor and Latifa don’t have any food in their
contrast the characters of blah, blah, blah...’ L Yeah. And you don’t have to pay bills.
I OK … house. They’ve got to go shopping.
W I know what you mean. But you’ve got to 4 John needs to get an alarm clock. He’s got to
forget about having to write essays on them ... L And you can go out with your friends, and
you can go shopping, and you can go to cafés, get up early tomorrow.
enjoy it ... just read them as novels, like any 5 I haven’t got any clean socks. I’ve got to do
other. There’s obviously something special and you can …
S Oh, come on, Liam. Adults can do all that the washing.
about the classics – they’ve stood the test of 6 The chef’s ill, so the waiter’s got to do the
time for a reason. too! But what’s different is how much
freedom teenagers have. cooking.
V Yeah, but I want to read about things that are
relevant to my life, about things ... about the L Don’t have, you mean. T 4.4 See p32
world I know. I don’t like stuff that’s been S Right. How much freedom we don’t have. I
written so long ago. I can’t see the relevance mean, I always have to tell my mum and dad T 4.5 See p33
of it. where I’m going and what time I’m coming
M Well, you can’t say that about The Grapes of home. T 4.6 G=Grandma, A = Antony
Wrath. It’s about people trying to cope with L Mmm.
I And what time do you have to get back G You must look after your money.
economic and environmental disaster! Hang A Yes, Grandma! I will.
on, it’s in my bag, let me just find something home?
S Mmm – by 10 o’clock on a week-day, maybe G You mustn’t talk to strangers.
I read in it this morning ... here we are, ‘The A No, Grandma! I won’t.
bank is something more than men, I tell you. 11 or 12 at the weekend.
L It doesn’t matter because you never have G You mustn’t go out when it’s dark.
It’s the monster. Men made it, but they can’t A No, Grandma! I won’t.
control it.’ enough money anyway!
S Definitely. You get pocket money from your G You must make sure you eat well.
S Mmm, that does sound pretty relevant. I A Yes, Grandma! I will.
know what Vicky’s saying though, it’s ... it’s parents, but it’s never enough. And you aren’t
allowed to buy whatever you want. G You must have a bath regularly.
that feeling that you’re reading something A Yes, Grandma! I will.
because it’s ‘good for you’, not because it’s I OK, OK. Life’s tough for kids, but what do
you think it’s like being an adult? Liam? G You must phone us if you’re in trouble.
just an exciting read, like a thriller. A Yes, Grandma! I will.
W But ... my favourite classic novel’s The Count L Well, adults have to worry about paying the
bills and taking care of their family. They G You mustn’t go anywhere that’s dangerous.
of Monte Cristo. Now there’s an exciting A No, Grandma! I won’t.
story, as good as any modern thriller. And it’s can’t always do what they want when they
not as if the themes in that are old-fashioned, want. T 4.7 A new job
they’re timeless – revenge, corruption, social I They have responsibilities, you mean?
L Yeah. I feel more sorry for my mum than my D = Dave, M = Manager
class....
V OK, you’re making me think again. Suggest a dad. She’s always rushing around and she has D So, um … what time do I have to start?
couple more. to go to work as well. She doesn’t have to M 11.00 in the morning or 4.00 in the afternoon.
M To Kill a Mockingbird is my all-time favourite. work on Thursdays and Fridays, but she still D And do I have to wear a uniform?
It’s so good at showing the stupidity of has loads of different things to do in a day, M Definitely. You have to wear the same uniform
racism. It’s got lovely characters too. And like shopping and cooking, and taking me to as everyone else – a short-sleeved white shirt,
I think it’s ..., it’s great when you learn football practice. black trousers, and a red hat. And a name tag.
something about the past from a novel, but I So, do you think your dad has an easier life? D So … what do I do exactly?
you also ... you can see that things weren’t so L Well, I don’t know. He has to drive over 500 M You serve the customers. Remember – you
different then, you know, that idea that ‘we’ve miles a week. must always be polite. You say ‘Good
been here before’. I Sam, tell me about school. What are some of morning’ or whatever the time of day, and
S I remember enjoying Great Expectations, the rules at your school? then ‘Can I help you?’ When they tell you
even when I read it at school. Maybe I should S Oh! There are so many! Let’s see. We can’t what they want, you have to enter it into the
read it again. wear jeans. We aren’t allowed to chew gum. computer, and when they’re finished, you
W You should! I did that at university, and We aren’t allowed to bring mobile phones to should read back what they’ve ordered. Then
I’ve read it a couple of times since. I really class . . . you take their money, and you put together
like the themes in it, and it’s ... it’s all just as L There are millions of rules – all of them their food. That’s it.
relevant today – ambition, ... how difficult stupid. D Great. When can I start?
it is to know who you really are when S And if you break one of the rules, you have to M You start at 4.00 tomorrow afternoon.
you move between social classes. And I stay after school! D Cool.
always remember the line...‘You can’t really L Well, speaking of school, I’ve got to go. I’ve M Here’s your hat. And your name tag. You’re all
understand a person until you consider things got to do my homework! set. Welcome to Burger Heaven, Dave.
from his point of view’. T 4.2 T 4.8
V OK, maybe I’ll take one of those. But I still
think I might need something a bit lighter for 1 You don’t have to go to work. The Italians eat a lot of pasta.
the beach. 2 You don’t have to pay bills. The Chinese cook lots of noodles and rice.
The British invented football. something, I’ll tell them to bring something for B I don’t know. I might stop at Nick’s. It
The Canadians often watch ice hockey on TV. the meal like something for dessert. depends on how much time I’ve got.
The Brazilians produce coffee. Ah, but what about the food? At a ‘Churrasco’, A Don’t forget we’re playing tennis with Dave
The Japanese eat raw fish. we cook different kinds of meat on long metal and Stuart this afternoon.
The Scots wear kilts on special occasions. skewers over an open flame. We have all kinds of B Don’t worry. I won’t forget. I’ll be back before
meat: beef, lamb, and maybe Brazilian sausage. then.
T 4.9 Come round to my place! Then we cut off slices of meat from the skewers A OK.
Akio to serve the guests. It’s really delicious. We
usually have potato salad or rice as side dishes. T 5.2 What’s going to happen?
My name is Akio. I come from Nagano, Japan.
In my country, we usually invite guests home After the meal we drink coffee or espresso. 1 A Have you got the plane tickets?
at the weekend for dinner, at about 7 o’clock in B Yes. They’re with the passports and
T 4.10 traveller’s cheques.
the evening. Before they come, we must tidy the
front garden and clean the entrance hall. Then 1 A Could you bring us the bill, please? A What time is the taxi coming?
we must spray it all with water to show that we B Yes, sir. I’ll bring it right away. B In about thirty minutes. What’s the name
welcome our guests with cleanliness. The guests 2 A Would you give me your work number, of the hotel we’re staying at?
usually bring a gift, and when they give you the please? A The Grand Hotel.
gift they say, ‘I’m sorry this is such a small gift,’ B Of course. Oh, shall I give you my mobile B Have you remembered your swimming
but in fact they have chosen it very carefully. number, too? costume this year?
When the meal is ready the hostess says, ‘We 3 A Can I help you? A Oh, yes. It’s packed. What about tennis
have nothing special for you today, but you are B Just looking, thanks. rackets?
welcome to come this way’. You can see that 4 A Two large coffees, please. B I put them in my case, with the fifteen
in Japan you should try to be modest and you B White or black? books.
should not show off too much. If you don’t 5 A Can you tell me the code for Paris, A Right. Let’s get these cases closed.
understand our culture, you may think this please? 2 A Well, darling, it’s the big day tomorrow.
is very strange. When we have foreign guests, B One moment. I’ll look it up. B I know. I can’t wait. I hope the weather’s
we try to serve traditional Japanese meals like 6 A I’ll give you a lift if you like. good.
sushi, tempura, or sukiyaki, but when we have B That would be great! Could you drop me A Yes, it makes such a difference, doesn’t it?
Japanese guests, we serve all kinds of food such off at the library? B They’re going to deliver the flowers early in
as spaghetti, Chinese food, or steaks. 7 A Would you mind opening the window? the morning.
When guests leave, the host and hostess see B No problem. It’s stuffy in here. A And the chef at the hotel is getting the
them out of the house and wait until their car 8 A Could I have extension 238, please? food ready for the reception.
turns the corner of the street; they wait until B That line’s engaged. Would you like to B And then there’s our honeymoon in Rome.
they can’t see them any more. hold? A Ah!
Rob T 4.11 3 A Have you packed the books and the
My name is Rob and I’m from Bristol in 1 ‘So, anyway, there I was, sitting in my boss’s pictures from the living room?
England. We like to have people over for lunch office. All of a sudden, the phone rings and B Yes. And all the kitchen things are packed,
and they usually get here around noon. We often my boss says …’ too.
have people over to eat, but sometimes when we ‘Sorry to interrupt, darling, but I think the A That’s it then. What time are the removal
invite a lot of people over, for a family gathering baby’s crying. Could you go and check?’ men coming?
for example, we have what’s called a ‘potluck 2 ‘Can I help you?’ B Early, I hope. About 7.00 in the morning.
lunch’. ‘Yes, I bought these shoes here two days ago, A Good. It’s a long drive, and it’s right in the
A potluck is an informal occasion, so people and the heel on this one is already broken. middle of the countryside.
dress casually. If the weather is nice we’ll have it Can I change them for a new pair?’ B I can’t wait to be there.
outside in the garden. What makes it fun is that ‘Of course. Let me see if we have another pair A And I can’t wait to get the baby’s room
everyone who comes has to bring a dish of food. in your size.’ ready.
They’re given a choice: starter, main course, 3 ‘Will you turn the TV down?’ B Tom if it’s a boy and Natalie if it’s a girl.
salad or vegetable, or dessert. As the host, I’ll ‘What?’ How exciting!
know how many of each kind of dish the guests ‘Will you turn the TV down? Or better still – T 5.3
will bring, but not exactly what the foods will be. turn it off!’
That’s why it’s called ‘potluck’ – it’s a surprise, ‘Oh, all right.’ 1 I think Jerry will win the tennis match. He’s
not knowing what you’re going to feed your 4 ‘Hi, Bob. Where are you going?’ been playing really well lately.
guests! All I have to do is make one dish myself ‘I have a meeting with the web designer and 2 I think it’ll be a nice day tomorrow. The
and get cups, glasses, and knives and forks the programmer about our new website this forecast is for warm and dry weather.
together, and supply the drinks. afternoon.’ 3 I think I’ll pass my exam on Friday. I’ve been
As the guests arrive, they put their dish on the ‘Could you do me a favour? Would you mind studying for weeks.
table, and people help themselves. Some guests asking the programmer to call me? I have a 4 I think you’ll like the book. It’s a wonderful
might bring chocolates or flowers as a gift but I question for him about the budget.’ story, and the characters are excellent.
don’t expect anything. It’s a fun, relaxed way of ‘Sure. No problem.’ 5 I think we’ll get to the airport in time. But
getting together with friends or family. we’d better get going.
6 I think you’ll get the job. You have the right
Lucas
My name is Lucas and I’m from Porto Alegre
Unit 5 qualifications and plenty of experience.
which is in the southern part of Brazil. We like to

T 5.4
invite our friends over at weekends, on a Friday T 5.1 Ben’s list 1 I don’t think Jerry will win the tennis match.
or a Saturday night for a ‘Churrasco’, or Brazilian B = Ben, A = Adam He hasn’t practised for weeks.
barbecue. These are very popular in this part of 2 I don’t think it’ll be a nice day tomorrow. The
B I’m going shopping. Do we need anything? forecast said rainy and windy.
Brazil. A I don’t think so. … Oh, hang on. We haven’t
People come about 8.00 in the evening and stay 3 I don’t think I’ll pass my exam on Friday. I
got any sugar. haven’t studied at all.
to midnight or even later – sometimes until 2.00 B It’s OK. It’s on my list. I’m going to buy some.
in the morning, whenever people start getting 4 I don’t think you’ll like the book. It’s a bit
A What about bread? boring.
sleepy. People stay a long time; there is no set B Good idea! I’ll get a loaf.
time for dinner to end. We’ll sit around and 5 I don’t think we’ll get to the airport in time.
A Er, what time will you be back? There’s too much traffic.
talk. It’s very informal. If people want to bring
124 Tapescripts 49–5.4
6 I don’t think you’ll get the job. They’re D Further east, across the Alps, from should we do? Get a pizza? Go and watch
looking for someone with more experience. Switzerland into northern Italy, there are the some cricket? What would he like to do?
remains of another weather system. There will S I’ll ask him tonight. I’m sure he’ll want to go
T 5.5 Arranging to meet be stormy weather during the day with out and keep busy. He was pretty homesick at
P = Peter, J = Jeff thunder and lightning, bringing over two first.
P We need to meet over the next few days to inches of rain to some lowland areas and N How is he now?
talk about our project. heavy snow to the mountains. Strong winds S Oh, he’s OK now. He called his parents a
J OK. What are you doing today? and rain will continue most of the day. The couple of times and felt much better after
P Well, this afternoon I’ve got a basketball winds will make it feel much cooler for the speaking to them.
match, but I’m not doing anything this time of year with temperatures struggling to N Great. Well, I can’t wait to meet him.
evening. What about you? reach ten degrees. And watch out for early
morning fog. T 6.2
J Mmm – I’m going shopping for a new video
game this afternoon, and this evening I’m So that’s it, a quick tour of Western Europe – 1 Thai food? It’s delicious. It can be spicy, but it
going ice-skating. What about tomorrow? not bad in central countries, warm and sunny doesn’t have to be.
P Well, I’m having my hair cut tomorrow in Spain; cool, wet, and windy in parts of Italy, 2 Oh, she’s very nice. You’d really like her. She’s
afternoon. and Switzerland – oh, and stay away from those the kind of person you can always go to with a
J What time will you be finished at the Scottish mountains unless you’re wearing warm problem.
barber’s? clothes. 3 Not very well. He still has a temperature and a
P About 4 o’clock. What are you doing around bad cough.
T 5.7 4 Well, she’s crazy about horses. I don’t think
that time?
J I don’t know. I might be free. 1 A Do you think it’ll be a rough crossing? she has any other hobbies. Oh, she plays golf
P OK. Why don’t we meet at the Internet Café B Well, the forecast is good, so it should be sometimes.
at about 5 o’clock? We can have a coffee and pretty smooth. 5 It’s not very nice at all. It’s raining, it’s cold,
do our work. 2 A Excuse me, I think those seats facing the and it’s pretty miserable. What about where
J Sounds good to me. Are you going out in the front are ours. you are?
evening? B Oh, I’m sorry. We didn’t know they were 6 Mmm … a little like you, as a matter of fact.
P Yes, I’m going out for dinner with a couple of reserved. He’s about the same height, tall with blond
friends. Do you want to join us? 3 A We’re going to Market Street. Could you hair, but your hair’s longer and straighter than
J That would be great! I’d love to. tell us when it’s our stop? his. Other than that, you two are quite similar.
P OK. So we’ll meet tomorrow at 5 o’clock at B Just sit near the front and I’ll call it out. 7 It was great. Really relaxing. Lots of sunshine,
the Internet Café. 4 A Can you take us to the airport? good food. We did almost nothing but sit by
J Good. See you then. B Of course. Hop in! the pool and read books for the whole two
5 A Can I take these bags on with me? weeks.
T 5.6 A weather forecast B I’m sorry. Only one item of hand luggage 8 I like all kinds, but I suppose I like
And here’s the weather for some popular per passenger. biographies and detective stories best.
destinations in Western Europe for the next 6 A That’s all right. You can keep the change.
B Thanks a lot. Do you want a hand with T 6.3 A thank-you email
twenty-four hours.
A Let’s begin in the north. I’m afraid spring those bags? Hi Steven and family,
isn’t here yet! Another major frontal system 7 A Excuse me, are we landing on time? I just wanted to say thank you for having me as
will move in from the Atlantic affecting B Yes. We’re beginning our descent soon. your guest in your beautiful home. I had a great
Northern Ireland and Scotland, before 8 A No, no! He said turn left at the lights, not time. I really enjoyed meeting your friends. You
moving on to Scandinavia. It’s going to bring right! all made me feel so welcome. You know how
plenty of rain, which could fall as snow on B Look! You drive and I’ll give directions much I missed my family at first, but you were
Scottish mountains. So it will feel very chilly from now on! Right?` so kind that I soon stopped feeling homesick. I
everywhere. Temperatures around five or six 9 A How do I get to Oxford Circus? can’t find the words to tell you how grateful I
degrees at best in the rain but much lower B Take the Piccadilly Line, eastbound, and am. I’d like to call you. What’s a good time to call?
in snowy areas, where they will stay around change at Green Park. You know that on my way home I stopped to
freezing all day, you’ll be lucky to see two visit my aunt in Perth. It was so hot! It was over
degrees.
B Moving south now, into England and Wales,
Unit 6 35 degrees all the time but I absolutely loved it.
My aunt wanted me to stay longer, but I wanted
most of northern France, and across through to see my parents and my sister, Se-Won. But
Belgium and Holland. Things look more T 6.1 A student visitor my aunt has invited me to go back and I’d love to
springlike here and it will be a lot brighter do that. I’m thinking of going next year.
S = Steven, N = Nick Anyway, I’m looking forward to hearing from
than in recent weeks. Along Channel coasts
N Has your exchange student arrived yet? you very soon. Let me know when you’re
especially, there may be a little rain at first,
S Yes, he arrived from Seoul on Monday. coming to Seoul. I could take you to my Tae
with temperatures reaching only eight
N What’s his name? Kwan Do class. It’s a bit like karate, but you use
degrees. Inland, however, there will be
S Ji-Hun. your legs to kick more!
more sunshine than showers, with all areas
N Cool. That’s not too difficult to pronounce! All the best,
becoming warmer and drier as the day goes
What’s he like? Ji-Hun
on. Towards the end of the day temperatures
S He’s really nice. I’m sure we’ll get on well. We P.S. Here’s a photo of my house. And one of my
could be as high as 15 degrees in these
seem to have a lot in common. Tae Kwan Do teacher – he’s more friendly than
regions. The winds will be light, coming from
N How do you know that already? What does he he looks in the photo!
the south but it will feel very pleasant.
like doing?
C If you’re lucky enough to be going to T 6.4
S Well, he likes photography, and so do I. And
southern France or Spain you’ll find the best 1 They promised to bring the DVD.
we both like running, but he’s a bit more
of today’s weather. In the far south of Spain, 2 The teacher told them to do their homework.
serious about it than me. He went out for a
mainly clear skies, lots of sun with high 3 I’ve just finished answering my emails.
run last night.
temperatures for the time of year up to 24
N Oh, I think I saw him. What does he look 4 Don’t forget to take your passport.
degrees, and everywhere else 18 or 19 degrees 5 He finally succeeded in passing his driving
like?
with some cloud. But it’s not all good news.
S He’s quite tall and slim, and he’s got short test.
Strong winds along the southern French coast 6 We asked him to move his car.
dark hair.
could spoil your evening walk.
N Yes, I think it was him. Well, why don’t we do 7 I just need to go to the shops. I’ll be back in
something with Ji-Hun this weekend? What a minute.
8 I don’t mind looking after your cat. C Except the taxi drivers! Some of the rudest and you get ‘Oh man, I’m just great. I got
9 Just let me finish what I’m saying. people I’ve ever met are New York taxi the promotion and I love working here’, in
10 Please can you help me carry this upstairs? drivers! Dallas, Denver, Detroit or Delaware etc.
11 I hate shopping for clothes. J And some of the worst drivers. Every time I y’ know. Ask an Englishman ‘How are you?’
12 She’s really looking forward to working with sit in a taxi I say a prayer. They drive so fast and you get ‘Er – fine, thank you’.
us. and suddenly they change lanes. And worst of I So the stereotype’s true?
T 6.5 See p50 all they don’t seem to know where anything is. A Yeah, they’re – they’re pretty reserved. They
C Yeah – you spend the entire journey giving don’t like giving personal details, but they
T 6.6 directions. Anyway, I like using the subway. complain a lot about life generally. They seem
It’s cheap. much less positive about life – much more
1 A You’re such a good cook. This casserole is J Yeah, and easy to use and it seems safe to me. cynical than Americans. They grumble about
absolutely delicious. We walk a lot as well. It’s a lot safer now than transport and politicians and money, how
B Thank you. It’s just a plain dish, no herbs it was ten years ago. It’s still not very clean but much things cost, their work …
and spices at all, but lots of fresh, home- it’s getting better. I So, we’re a miserable lot then!
grown vegetables. I Do you have a car? A Not really. Leisure time – sorry – free time – is
2 A Don’t you like anchovies? J No. No, we don’t. Not many of our friends do, really important to the British. I think for
B I’m afraid I don’t eat fish or meat. I’m actually. You don’t really need one. many Americans, work is the most important
vegetarian. C I’d hate to drive in the city, I’d be terrified. thing in their lives. Americans work much
3 A What’s Tom’s brother like? Anyway, you can get everything delivered to longer hours. In Britain they get more
B Well, he’s really nice but he doesn’t talk your door – not just food. vacation time and time off …
much. I think he’s very shy. He’s not I Don’t you go shopping? I … and still they grumble!
sociable and outgoing like Tom. J Oh yeah, of course we do. Not all of us can A Yeah.
A I know. Tom’s great fun, isn’t he? Always afford to shop on 5th Avenue, you know, but I You’ve been in London 15 years. Has it
laughing and talking. it’s – it’s fun to look. changed in that time?
4 A George’s wife is French, isn’t she? C Actually, the shops – sorry, the stores – are A Oh yeah a lot – especially the shops, they stay
B Yes, she is. She’s beautiful, very tall and great. Always open – well nearly always – til open much longer now. They used to close
sophisticated and she always wears really 9.00 or 10.00 at night. every Wednesday afternoon. People in the
expensive clothes. J People work much later here. I wasn’t States could never believe that. Oh and the
A Then it’s a good job George is such a expecting to work such long hours! And the food!
wealthy man, isn’t it? holidays – sorry, vacation time – and the – the I Everyone says English food is terrible. Is it?
5 A Did you have a good time in Paris? public holidays they’re, they’re much shorter. A Well, when I first came it was terrible. It
B We had a great time. It’s one of my I only get ten days a year. It’s difficult for was so hard to get good food. Nowadays
favourite capital cities. It’s both modern people like us with families in other countries. it’s not hard at all. London has some great
and historic. It’s difficult to find time to visit them. restaurants – my favourite here is the Indian
A It is, but I don’t think it’s as cosmopolitan I But generally you’re happy? food, it’s fantastic. I think we have one of the
as London. J Fantastic! best right here on our street. Just the best!
B Maybe not, but it’s just as exciting. There’s C It’s an amazing place, but in a few years I I You live in south London. Do you like it
so much to do. think I’ll be exhausted and ready for a quieter there?
T 6.7 New York life! A Very much. I love the mix of cultures and
nationalities in every street.
I = Interviewer, J = Justin, C = Cinda T 6.8 London I How long do you think you’ll stay here?
I How long have you been here in New York? I = Interviewer, A = Alan A Oh, I don’t know. Maybe five more years.
J Nearly three years. I Alan, how long have you lived in London? Maybe forever!
I And are you enjoying it? A Fifteen years.
J We love it.
C It’s great.
I So what do you like best?
I And do you like it here?
A Sure I like it – but London is one of those Unit 7
cities that you love and hate at the same time.
C Oh, the atmosphere, the mixture of all kinds of I So first – what do you hate?
people. The speed of everything – it’s exciting. T 7.1 The job interview
A Oh the usual big city things – the crowds, the
J I love the architecture, it’s so different from dirt, the traffic, and of course the D Who do you work for now, Nigel?
London. Walking the streets and looking up at Underground – it’s so expensive compared N I work for Intertec Publishing. We publish
all those skyscrapers. with the subway in New York. international business magazines.
I And what about the people? I And what do you like? D I see. And how long have you worked for
C Well, New Yorkers have a reputation for being A Oh, a lot: London’s fantastic. There are some them?
rude and unfriendly, but I don’t think that’s great parks and open spaces – great museums, N I’ve worked there for nearly five years. No,
true. People are always in a hurry, but they’re too. I love the Science Museum and the exactly five years.
not unfriendly. Natural History Museum. D And how long have you been in charge of
J What I love is the – the great mixture of I And what’s best for you? Eastern Europe publications?
nationalities and cultures. It’s got to be the A For me? Oh, I just love standing on Waterloo N For two years.
most cosmopolitan city in the world. Bridge and looking down the river at the D And what did you do before you were at
I More than London? Houses of Parliament and, of course there’s Intertec?
J Hmm … well, I think so, but they’re both very the London Eye – I think it’s just wonderful. N I worked for the BBC World Service.
mixed. And – I like travelling in the black cabs. Taxi
C Life here seems much faster than in London. T 7.2
drivers here are great, so friendly! They tell
Everyone’s in such a rush. Everything’s done you their life stories AND they know every D As you know, this job is based in Geneva.
for speed. for example, I – I don’t think street in London – not like in New York. Have you ever lived abroad before?
people cook at home much – everyone seems I And what about the people? What do you N Oh yes. Yes, I have.
to eat out or get food delivered because it’s think of Londoners? D And when did you live abroad?
quicker and easier. A Ah well – generally speaking, I think that they N Well, in fact I was born in Argentina and I
I Have you made many friends here? do live up to their reputation – they are lived there until I was eleven. Also, I lived in
J I’ve made friends at work mostly. But it’s – it’s reserved. It takes a while to get to know Berlin for one year when I was working for
difficult to make friends outside of work – people. They won’t tell you about themselves. the BBC.
people are so busy. But mostly I find people You say to an American ‘How are you?’ D That’s interesting. Have you travelled a lot?
pretty friendly. N Oh, yes, yes, absolutely. I’ve travelled to most
countries in South America and many
countries in Europe. I’ve also been to Japan a
It’s just a good excuse for a walk. I go to the
golf club twice a week. I’ve made some good
Unit 8
few times. friends there, you know. Have you met Ted
D Oh yes? And why did you go to Japan? and Marjorie? They’re my age. They’re a – oh, T 8.1 A place in the sun
N It was for Intertec. I went there to interview they’re a lovely couple. D = David, J = Jack, A = Annie
some Japanese business leaders. P Er, no … I don’t think I’ve met them, but D You’re both mad. I think you’ll regret it. You
didn’t you go on holiday with them? were earning good money here. You won’t
T 7.3 T Yes, that’s right. We went to Wales together earn much growing lemons.
1 He was born in Argentina in 1969. last year. Oh, and we had a lovely time, lovely J We know that, but we won’t need a lot of
2 He went to school in Buenos Aires until he time. I do appreciate company since your money to live there.
was eleven. grandma died … you know I really miss your D But what will you do if you can’t find
3 He studied modern languages and journalism grandma. 35 years we were married, 35 years anywhere to live?
for three years at University College, London. and still as much in love as the day we met. A There are lots of cheap old farms. We’ll have
4 He’s worked for Intertec for the last five years. She was a wonderful lady, your grandma. no trouble finding somewhere.
5 He left the BBC five years ago. P Oh, I know that, Grandpa. We all miss her so D But you don’t even like gardening. What will
6 He lived in Berlin while he was working for much. We all loved her so much. you do if you don’t like farming either?
the BBC. T So I like to keep busy. I’ve been on all sorts of J We’ll only know if we don’t like farming when
7 He’s been married twice. special holidays, y’know. Package holidays for we try it.
8 He’s visited Japan a few times. senior citizens, and I’ve done a bit of … D Well, OK. But what if you …?
9 He hasn’t heard if he got the job at P Well, I know you went to visit Uncle Keith in
Worldwatch Europe yet. Australia. And you’ve just come back from a T 8.2 D = David, J = Jack, A = Annie
cruise round the Caribbean. You’re so brown. D I hope you’ll keep in touch with friends here.
T 7.4 It’s in the news T I know. My word, that was an experience. I J Of course we will. As soon as we get an
‘Here are today’s news headlines … Convicted loved every minute of it! And yes, of course, Internet connection, we’ll have a Facebook
murderer Charles Watkins has escaped from Keith. I saw him two years ago. You’ve not page and email.
Belmarsh Prison in South London. … Two met your Australian cousins yet, have you? D And do you think you’ll have room for
Spanish novelists have been awarded the Nobel Oh, you’d love the baby, Kylie, she’s beautiful. friends to come and visit?
Prize for literature. … Hurricane Jeffrey has hit Looks just like your grandma. But you know, A Absolutely! I promise, you’ll be our first guest
the Caribbean, causing widespread damage in I’ve also been to Spain, and Morocco, and when we’ve found somewhere to live.
Puerto Rico. … Two thousand workers from Turkey. These package holidays are so good D Great!
a UK car factory have been laid off due to a for people like me. J But I think you’ll have to wait until we’ve
slowdown in the economy. … Desmond Lewis P Grandpa, next time, please think of me. Don’t made it habitable! I’m sure we’ll need to do
has been knocked out in the fifth round of his you want a companion? Can I come with you? a lot of work on the place before we invite
heavyweight championship fight in Las Vegas.’ I’d love a suntan like yours! We never go friends.
anywhere interesting. D Oh, I won’t mind if it’s a bit basic – who
T 7.5 T Oh, Philip, you know your mum and dad cares if it’s hot and sunny! And if you find
1 The murderer Charles Watkins has been wouldn’t let me. Not until you’ve finished your somewhere by August, I’ll come and help
recaptured by police. exams. Helen says I’m a bad influence on you. you!
2 A Sunny Vacations cruise ship has sunk off P Well, I think you have more fun than I do! All A Hey! That’s the right spirit!
the coast of Florida near Miami. I have to look forward to is exams and more
3 Maria Martin, the famous writer, has left £3 exams, and then years and years of work! T 8.3 D = Daniel, S = Sue
million to a local children’s charity. T Oh, Philip. Don’t wish your life away. Just D Bye, darling! Good luck with the interview!
4 A priceless antique vase has been stolen from enjoy it all. You only get one go at it! S Thanks. I’ll need it. I hope the traffic won’t be
a museum in Madrid. a problem. If I’m late for the interview, I’ll be
5 Floods have killed at least 20 people and 200 T 7.7
furious with myself!
more have been left homeless in the West 1 A Could I speak to Alison Short? D Just stay calm! Call me when you can.
Country. B I’m afraid she isn’t at her desk at the S I will. I’ll call you on my mobile as soon as I
6 A 15-year-old student has been given a place moment. Do you want to hold? get out of the interview.
to study mathematics at Oxford University. A No, don’t worry. I’ll phone back later. D When will you know if you’ve got the job?
7 Company Director Paul Swan has been forced 2 A Can I have extension 2173, please? S They’ll tell me in the next few days. If they
to resign because of a financial scandal. B The line’s busy at the moment. Would you offer me the job, I’m going to accept it. You
8 The world champion runner Ken Quicksilver like to hold? know that, don’t you?
has failed a drugs test at the Olympic Games A Yes, please. D Of course. But we’ll worry about that later.
and is expected to be disqualified. Five seconds later. S OK. Are you going to work now?
B I’m putting you through now. D Well, I’m going to take the children to school
T 7.6 The busy life of a retired man A Thank you. before I go to work.
P = Philip, T = Thomas 3 A Hello. Could I speak to Sam Jackson, please? S Don’t forget to pick them up as soon as you
P How long have you been retired now, Grandpa? B I’m afraid Mr Jackson’s in a meeting. finish.
T Oh, let me see. Uh, it’s four years. Yes, I’ve It won’t be over until 3.00. Can I take a D Don’t worry, I won’t forget. You’d better get
been retired nearly four years now. I suppose message? going. If you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the bus.
I’m used to it after all this time. But, you A Yes, please. Could you ask him to phone S OK. I’ll see you this evening. Bye!
know, I worked for Courtauld’s for over forty me? I think he’s got my number, but I’ll
years. Can you believe that? Forty years. give it to you again just in case. It’s T 8.4 Getting rich quick
P One job for forty years. Incredible! I 743 21 9186. 1 What would I do if I had £5 million? Well, I’d
remember when you retired and they gave 4 A Can I speak to Terence Cameron, please? make sure my family had enough money, and
you that gold watch. Do you like being B Speaking. my friends, and then I’d buy my own island in
retired? I’d get bored, I’m sure I would. Don’t A Ah, Mr Cameron! This is Holly Lucas. I’m the Caribbean. And I’d give loads of money to
you get bored? phoning about a letter I got this morning. charity.
T Well, I’m lucky. I’ve got my health so I can do 5 A Hello. This is Incom International. 2 Oh, that’s easy! I’d give up my job and travel.
a lot. I can get out a lot. I’ve just taken up There’s no one here to take your call at the Anywhere. Everywhere. Oh but it wouldn’t
golf, you know. It’s a wonderful sport for an moment. Please leave a message and we’ll change me. I’d still live in the same area
old man like me ’cos it’s not really a sport at get back to you as soon as we can. because I like it so much.
all, at least not the way your Grandpa plays it! 3 What would I do? I’d buy a nice house in the
country. I’d make it the best place I could. 3 Save the Children A Really! Can’t you see the two faces? They’re
And I’d have lots of land so I could have Save the Children helps children by supporting very close to each other. I think they might be
peace and quiet! programs that involve community members having an argument!
4 I’d be a space tourist and fly to Mars on the in improving their day-to-day lives, such as B No, I’m stuck with the white vase!
space shuttle. maternal and child healthcare services, education A That’s strange. I bet you’ll see them when you
5 I wouldn’t give away a penny. I’d spend it all for all children, and income-earning look later. Can you see a face in one of the
on myself! opportunities for women. Save the Children also other pictures?
uses its global experience and research to help B Yes, that looks like someone wearing glasses.
T 8.5 A And I can see the word ‘liar’.
children and families during natural disasters
1 If Tony calls, tell him I’m at Alex’s. He can and times of war, as well as to advocate for B Really? I’m not seeing that, either.
reach me there. government policy changes that will benefit all A I like this one. It looks like stairs that go up
2 If you’ve finished your work, you can take a children, including future generations. forever.
break. Just be back in fifteen minutes. B Yes... or down.
3 If I’m not back by 8 o’clock, don’t wait for T 8.8 A Mmmm. I hadn’t thought of that. We do see
me. Go without me and I’ll meet you at the M = Matt, A = Anthony things differently, don’t we? OK. Try this.
restaurant. Count the legs on that elephant.
4 If you have the flu, you should go to bed. M I’m bored! B One, two, three –er, it can’t have five legs.
Keep warm and drink plenty of fluids. A Well, it’s a nice day. Why don’t we go for a That’s a clever drawing. So is that one, it
5 If you’re ever in London, please let me know. walk? could be a duck or a rabbit. It depends on
I’d love to show you around. M No, I don’t feel like it. I’m too tired. how you look at it.
6 If you go to Russia, you have to have a visa. A You need to get out. Let’s go shopping! A The square looks strange, don’t you think?
You can get one at the embassy. M Oh, no! I’d rather do anything but that. B Yeah, it looks wobbly, like a jelly.
7 I’d buy a computer if I could afford it. It A OK, shall we see what’s on television? A Humh, but the lines are all straight and
would be really useful for work. M That’s a good idea. parallel.
8 If I had more time, I might take up an A Do you want to watch the news? B No, they can’t be.
evening class. I’d love to learn more about M Mmm, I’d rather watch the football. A Well, they are. If you look line by line, you’ll
photography. P = Paul, M=Mike see.
B I suppose. The dots must be creating the
T 8.6 P I’m broke, and I don’t get paid for two weeks. illusion.
1 ‘I’ve finished my book.’ What am I going to do? A And the last one. Which line’s longer?
‘What was it called?’ M If I were you, I’d get a better job. B Well, the one on the left must be longer.
‘A walk in the park.’ P Oh, why didn’t I think of that? Thanks, Mike. A Get your ruler and measure.
‘Was it good?’ That’s a big help. B Agh. They’re the same size – of course. I
‘It was absolutely superb!’ M Well, you’d better get a loan from the bank, should have known!
2 ‘Is it true that Liz won the competition?’ then. A Interesting, isn’t it, the tricks your eyes can
‘Yes! She won a new car!’ P No, I can’t. I owe them too much already. play?
‘I bet she was really happy.’ M Why don’t you ask your parents? They’d help
‘Happy? She was absolutely thrilled!’ you out. T 9.2 Fact or fiction?
3 ‘When I got home, I had to tell my parents P No, I’d rather not. I’d rather work out my 1 Lightning never strikes in the same place twice.
that I’d failed the exam.’ problems for myself. This is completely untrue. Lightning often
‘Oh, no! What did they say?’ M You ought to ask your boss for a pay-rise! strikes in the same place over and over again
‘My mum was cross, but my dad was really P Good idea, but I’ve tried that and it didn’t – high trees, tall buildings, mountain tops. In
furious.’ work. fact the purpose of lightning conductors is to be
4 ‘We went out for dinner at that new M Oh, well, I suppose I could lend you some struck time and time again.
restaurant last night.’ money.
2 Hurricanes always have ladies’ names.
‘Oh! What was the food like?’ P Really? Oh, that would be great! Thanks,
Mike. You’re a real mate. This used to be true. From 1953 to 1979 only
‘Well, the main course was really tasty, and as female names were used but now both men’s
for the dessert, it was absolutely delicious!’ M Yeah, well, OK then, but really, I don’t think
you should go out so much. That way, you and women’s names are used. One name for
5 ‘We had a wonderful time at the beach last each letter of the alphabet. The same lists are
weekend.’ won’t be broke all the time.
P Yeah, yeah. I know. You’re right. reused every six years. These are the first six
‘Oh, yeah? Was the weather hot?’ names for 2012: Alberto, Beryl, Chris, Debby,
‘It was absolutely gorgeous!’ Ernesto, Florence.
6 ‘How long was your flight?’
‘14 hours.’ Unit 9 3 Women have a higher pain threshold than
men.
‘14 hours! You must be really tired.’ Some research suggests the opposite, but most
‘You bet! I’m absolutely exhausted!’ T 9.1 Optical illusions people still believe this to be true because
T 8.7 Charity appeals A How many colours can you see? women have to give birth. We will never know
B Er, three, if you don’t include white, –er how men would cope with this experience.
1 Red Crescent green, pink and red. 4 The sea is blue because it reflects the sky.
The Red Crescent is an international A No, look again. There’s only two, pink and This is true in a way. The white light from the
organization whose aim is to protect human life green. When the pink’s next to the green it sun is a mixture of all the colours of the rainbow
and health. It helps people who are in trouble looks red. but the air reflects blue light more than other
because of natural disasters such as floods and B Really? I don’t think so. They can’t be the colours so we see a blue sky. Then, when the sky
earthquakes. It provides temporary shelter, food, same colour. Well, –er, maybe. What about is brilliant blue, the sea is also, because the water
water, and medical help to disaster victims, this one. That must be a vase, a white vase. reflects the blue of the sky.
searches for people who are missing, and That’s obvious – I can’t see what the trick’s 5 A penny dropped from a skyscraper can kill
exchanges messages between members of supposed to be. a person.
families who are separated. When a disaster is A Well you’re just looking at the white. Look at Not true. It might give you a cut or a bruise but
over, the organization works to help countries the black. What can you see then? it’s not likely to kill you.
recover and take steps to prevent the problem B I can’t see anything. I can only see the white
happening again. vase.
6 Hair and nails continue to grow after death. A The referee hasn’t given it… he’s gone T 9.7
Not true. This is an optical illusion. After over to talk to the linesman. 1 A I can’t find my homework.
death the body quickly dehydrates and the skin B It was as clear as day, he has to give it. B You must have forgotten it.
shrinks, which gives the illusion that both nails A He’s coming back, and … he’s pointing to 2 A Mark didn’t come to school last week.
and hair are still growing. the spot! B He must have been ill.
7 Birds are bird-brained and stupid. B Yeah! Come on United. Now’s the chance 3 A Why is Isabel late for class?
Not true. Some birds are the cleverest animals to finish the game off! B She might have overslept.
known to science. For example crows are T 9.5 See p72 4 A I can’t find my notebook.
smarter than chimpanzees and some parrots B You must have dropped it.
don’t just mimic but understand human speech. T 9.6 A holiday with friends 5 A The teacher’s checking Maria’s work.
8 No two snowflakes are the same. B She can’t have finished already!
This could be true. No one has yet found two
A = Andy, C = Carl 6 A How did Bob get such good marks in that
identical snowflakes but out of all the zillions A Hi! Carl? It’s Andy. How are you? Feeling test?
that fall it is likely that two may be the same. better? B He must have cheated!
9 Bats are blind. C Er, not really. I have to sit down most of
Not true. Bats have excellent eyesight. People the time. It’s too tiring – walking with these T 9.8 – T 9.11 See pp74–75
think they must be blind because they have a crutches.
sound radar, which means they can hunt insects A Really? You still can’t walk without a crutch, T 9.12 Brothers and sisters
at night. But it doesn’t mean that they can’t see. eh? So you’re not back at work yet? Louisa
C No. And I’m really bored. I don’t go back to
T 9.3 the hospital for another two weeks. I = Interviewer, L = Louisa
A Two more weeks! That’s when the plaster L I’m the youngest of seven children. My oldest
1 A I think I’ve lost my passport.
comes off, is it? sister is still alive, age ninety-three, and there
B You must be very worried.
C I hope so. I can’t wait to have two legs again! are sixteen years between us. There were four
2 A Your phone’s ringing!
Anyway, how are you both? Still missing the girls, two boys, and then me.
B It might be Jane.
snow and the mountains? I Seven children! Wow! How did you all get on
3 A Paul’s taking his umbrella.
A I’m fine. Julie’s fine too. We’re both back at together when you were children?
B It must be raining.
work. L Amazingly well. Being the youngest, my two
4 A Harry and Sally never go on holiday.
C Well, at least I’m not back at work yet. By the brothers and I called our sisters ‘the others’,
B They can’t have much money.
way, have you put your photos onto a CD yet? because they were either married or working
5 A Hannah’s not in class.
A No, we haven’t, but I’ve downloaded them all by the time we were born. But the seven of us
B She could be in the coffee bar.
onto my computer. They’re good. I didn’t all got along very well. But it’s different now,
6 A Look! Three fire engines!
realize we’d taken so many. I’ll email the best of course.
B There must be a fire somewhere.
ones to you. I Really? How?
7 A I haven’t seen Tom for weeks.
C Please do. I’d love that. What about that one L Well, when we were small, my older sisters
B He can’t be working here any more.
of the amazing sunset behind the hotel? often took care of us. Now my brothers and I
8 A Whose jacket is this?
A Yes, the sunset. It’s a good one. All of us are busy taking care of them.
B It might be John’s.
together on Bob and Marcia’s balcony, I Tell me about your big sister Julia. How has
9 A You got top marks in the test!
with the mountains and the snow in the your relationship with her changed over the
B You must be joking!
background. It’s beautiful. Brings back years?
T 9.4 What are they talking about? memories, doesn’t it? L Julia was the sister who used to … on her
C Yeah. The memory of me skiing into a tree! holidays … used to take me for walks and so
1 A A glass of orange juice and a mineral
A Yes, I know. I’m sorry. But at least it on. But then she went to Africa for twenty-
water, please.
happened at the end; it could have been the three years. We wrote to one another and I
B Still or sparkling?
first day. You only missed the last two days. was still her little sister. When she came
A Sparkling, please.
C OK, OK. Oh, Andy, have you written to the back, it was shortly after my husband
B Do you want ice and lemon with that?
hotel yet to complain about your room? That died. We became very close and our whole
A Just ice, thanks. How much is that?
view you had over the car park was awful! relationship changed and we became great
2 A I can’t believe it. My screen’s frozen again.
A Yeah, and it was noisy too! We didn’t have any friends.
B Unplug it and take the battery out. Then
views of the mountains. Yeah, we’ve written. I What do you see as the main advantage and
start it up again. That sometimes works for
We emailed the manager yesterday, but I don’t disadvantage of coming from such a large
me.
know if we’ll get any money back. family?
A OK. Here goes.
C And Marcia’s suitcase, did she find it? L Hmm. I think the main advantage was that
3 A So how did it go?
A Yeah. The airline found it and put it on the we learned how to enjoy life without having a
B Not too bad, thanks.
next flight. Marcia was very relieved. lot of money. I think our other relatives, my
A Were you very nervous?
C I bet she was! All in all I suppose it was a rich cousins in the city, envied us. We had old
B Yeah, but I tried not to show it.
pretty good two weeks, wasn’t it? bikes, old clothes, but we had lots of freedom.
A Oh. When will you hear?
A Absolutely. It was a great holiday. Some ups In the city, they had to wear nice suits and
B In a couple of days. They said they’d
and downs, but we all got on well together behave correctly.
phone me at the end of the week and let
and had fun. Shall we go again next year? I Disadvantages?
me know if I’d got it.
C I’d like to. All six of us again. Lisa wants to L I think it was very difficult sometimes to have
4 A Have you any idea what to get them?
go again, too. It was her first time skiing and hand-me-down clothes, especially for a little
B Not really, but it should be something
she loved it, but she says she’ll only come if I girl like me. And I was sad that we didn’t go
special.
don’t break a leg! away on holiday like some other children. But
A Yeah, 25 years is a long time.
A Great! It’s a date. Next time go round the the advantages outweighed the disadvantages
B It would be nice to get something silver.
trees! I’ll call you again soon, Carl. Take care! enormously, there’s no doubt about that.
A Yeah. Why don’t we club together and get
C You too, Andy. Bye now. I Six out of the seven of you are still alive. How
something from both of us, then we can
A Bye. closely have you kept in touch over the years?
afford something really nice.
L Very closely. Of course we still phone
B Good idea. Mum and Dad would love that.
each other all the time and see each other
5 A Oooh, that was a penalty, no?
B Definite penalty! He fouled him just inside
the box.
whenever we can. And we have a big family
reunion every year. My granddaughter’s
Unit 10 3

I
E
Where were you the day before yesterday?
In Birmingham.
just had twins. That means we’ll have four T 10.1 See p78 4 I Where were you this time last week?
generations there this year. How marvellous! E In London.
T 10.2 5 I Where will you be the day after tomorrow?
Rose E I’ll be in Edinburgh.
I = Interviewer, R = Rose 1 ‘What has he finally passed?’ 6 I Where will you be a week today?
‘The theory part of his driving test.’ E Back in Paris.
I So, Rose, do you have any brothers or sisters? 2 ‘How long has he been practising for the test?’
R No, I don’t. I’m an only child. ‘For the past five years.’ T 10.7 Things I’m passionate about.
I So what was it like growing up as an only 3 ‘How often has he been taking it?’
child? Were you happy? Julia
‘Twice a month.’ I’m really passionate about playing tennis. I’ve
R When I was little, I liked it. I had lots of 4 ‘How many times has he taken it?’
cousins and most of them lived in the same been playing nearly 20 years. I was about …
‘272 times.’ 7 or 8 when I started having lessons, and I
town, so we all played together all the time. 5 ‘What have the officials at the test centre
And I had a best friend who lived next door had a fantastic teacher. I think that’s why I
given him?’ still love it – she was passionate about the
to me. She was the same age as me and so she ‘A key chain.’
was a bit like a sister I suppose. But she sport and that influenced me. I’ve played in
6 ‘Why hasn’t he been celebrating too much?’ competitions, mainly when I was at school, I still
moved away and that was sad. It was hard ‘Because he still needs to pass the practical
when I was a teenager. do sometimes. I enjoy it, I think, because it’s a
test.’ very psychological game. I mean, if you’re playing
I Why was that? 7 ‘What has he been discussing with his wife?’
R Well, you know what it’s like being a teenager. badly you have to push yourself to continue,
‘Which car they should buy.’ it’s a challenge not to give up. It’s also a very
You’re kind of unsure of how to deal with
things and how to deal with people, especially T 10.3 See p79 sociable sport – I’ve made lots of friends playing
parents. It would have been nice to have a doubles, and, it’s a game that doesn’t have to be
brother or sister to talk to. T 10.4 expensive – anyone can play – all you need is a
I Some people who come from large families 1 A You’re covered in paint! What have you tennis racket. You don’t need expensive clothing
might envy you because you had all of your been doing? or equipment, like you do for skiing, and it’s a
parents’ attention. B I’ve been redecorating the bathroom. fantastic way to keep fit all year round – there’s
R Yes. But I think it has its negative side as well A Have you finished yet? only about 3 months that you can’t play. When I
as its positive side. I think you don’t want all B Well, I’ve painted the door and the lived in Australia I played every week of the year.
your parents’ attention, especially as a ceiling, but I haven’t put up the wallpaper I adored that, it was brilliant.
teenager. It was hard to find myself and my yet. Paul
place in the world, I suppose. 2 A Your hands are dirty. What have you been My passion at the moment is horseriding – it’s
I What about now that you’re an adult? doing? strange to hear myself say that ’cos I’ve only been
R Again, I think it’s difficult really. My father B They’re filthy. I’ve been working in the doing it about a year and I never imagined I’d be
died about ten years ago, so of course I’m the garden. so keen on it. It all happened because I was talking
one who’s left totally responsible for my A Have you finished yet? to someone who rode horses and I said that stupid
mother. I’m the one who has to look after her B Well, I’ve cut the grass, but I haven’t thing people often say ‘Oh, I’ve always wanted to
if she has a problem and help her if she needs watered the flowers yet. do that’ and she said, ‘Why don’t you then?’. And
help in any way. There’s nobody else to help at 3 A Your eyes are red! What have you been I thought, ‘Why not?’. I’ve always liked horses,
all. doing? they’re so big and powerful but so beautiful when
I You’re married now with two children of your B I’m exhausted. I’ve been revising for my you see them racing round a field or on a track. It
own. Was that a conscious decision to have exams. amazes me that they let people ride on their backs.
more than one child? A Have you finished them yet? Riding is very physically demanding because your
R Yes, definitely. And they seem very happy B Well, I’ve done my chemistry and history, body has to be in harmony … er, it has to move
and they get along very well with one another. but I haven’t done English yet. with the horse, but it keeps you fit. Of course, I
Usually. have fallen off a few times, but it seems that the
T 10.5 more you fall, the less it hurts. Also, you have to
T 9.13 S = Sue, A–J = Sue’s friends 1 ‘When was he born?’ try and understand your horse. They have moods,
1 A I want to travel the world. ‘In 1960.’ you never quite know what a ride is going to be
S So do I. 2 When was he given the award of Swedish like – a horse you had a fantastic ride on one week
2 B I don’t want to have lots of children. Young Photographer of the Year? can be slow and miserable the next week. I really
S Neither do I. ‘In 1975, when he was 15 years old.’ like that about horses – they have personalities.
3 C I can speak four languages. 3 ‘When did he go to the London School of Andrew
S I can’t. Photography?’ I’m passionate about poetry – I studied English
4 D I can’t ski. ‘In 1978. He won a scholarship.’ Literature at university but it wasn’t until after
S Neither can I. 4 ‘What year was his daughter born?’ I graduated that I really got into poetry and I
5 E I’m not going to get married until I’m 35. ‘In 1983.’ started writing some myself. And I met some
S Neither am I. 5 ‘Which countries has he lived in?’ other people who wrote poetry and I heard them
6 F I went to London last year. ‘Sweden, England, the US, and France.’ read it aloud and that was amazing. I felt the
S So did I. 6 ‘When did he start photographing animals?’ power of the words – the thing I like so much
7 G I’ve never been to Australia. ‘When he was 29.’ about it is that you can say so much with just
S I have. 7 ‘How many children has he got?’ a few words. So, little means a lot. Each word,
8 H I don’t like dentists. ‘One daughter.’ each noun, adjective, preposition has to work
S Neither do I. 8 ‘How long has he lived in Paris?’ hard. Poetry’s all about saying what often goes
9 I I’m bored with celebrities. ‘Since 1998.’ unsaid, and with passion. It can be such a help in
S So am I. your life – if you feel tired or depressed, you can
10 J I love shopping. T 10.6 A lecture tour always find a poem that will help – it can be short
S So do I. I = Interviewer, E = Erik or long, it doesn’t matter.
1 I How long are you here in Britain for? James
E Just two weeks. The thing I’m passionate about, and this may
2 I How long have you been in Britain? surprise many people, is –erm, British weather. I
E Eight days. know lots of people can’t stand our weather –er
they complain about it all the time but I love it. T 10.11 T 11.3 K=Kevin, A = Kevin’s assistant
You see, when I was a child my family lived in 1 A I’ve lost my job. The hotel’s closing down. K Now, what’s happening today? I’ve got a
California for five years and we had about 365 B You’re kidding! What a pity! Still, I’m sure meeting this afternoon, haven’t I?
days of sunshine every year, it was so boring. you’ll soon find another job. A Yes, that’s right. With Henry and Tom.
I was ten when we came back to England and 2 A Will spaghetti bolognese be OK for K And the meeting’s here, isn’t it?
I just loved all the changes in the weather. dinner? A No, it isn’t. It’s in Tom’s office, at 3 o’clock.
Here, you really appreciate the sunshine and B Of course. That’s great! It’s one of my K Oh! I’m not having lunch with anyone, am I?
you notice the seasons. For me one of nature’s favourites. A No, you’re free for lunch.
miracles is after a long, hot, sunny day there’s 3 A There’s a strike at the airport so my K Good! And I signed Mr Halabi’s contract,
a thunderstorm or a downpour of rain and holiday’s been cancelled. didn’t I?
you go out in the garden and you can smell the B Oh dear. That’s a shame. Will you get your A No, you didn’t actually. It’s on your desk.
freshness in the air, the world has been washed money back? K OK. I’ll do it now. Thanks a lot.
clean and bright. It’s magic. And you know 4 A I failed my driving test again.
it’s a myth that it rains all the time, it doesn’t. B You didn’t! That’s too bad. Better luck T 11.4
Anyway, it’s the rain that gives us our green next time. 1 It isn’t very warm today, is it?
fields. You know that joke ‘if you don’t like 5 A I’ll be Julia Benson M.A. soon! I got a first 2 You can cook, can’t you?
English weather – wait ten minutes’ – that’s why for my dissertation! 3 You’ve got a DVD player, haven’t you?
it’s interesting. B Did you? Congratulations! When’s the 4 Mary’s very clever, isn’t she?
Harry ceremony? 5 There are a lot of people here, aren’t there?
Something I feel really passionately about is 6 A So you think I should save to buy a car, 6 The book wasn’t very good, was it?
fox-hunting. My grandfather, father, and uncles not borrow the money? 7 I’m a silly person, aren’t I?
have always been keen on hunting and I started B Definitely. You’ve already got too many 8 You aren’t going out dressed like that, are you?
when I was about 6. We hunt up in the Welsh debts.
mountains, we go out from about 11 a.m. and 7 A My brother’s invited me to go to Malaysia T 11.5
we don’t get back till after dark. And the thing with him next month. 1 A It isn’t very warm today, is it?
I love best about is that you are away from B Has he? How fantastic! When are you B No, it’s freezing.
everything and everyone, up in the hills, and you leaving? 2 A You can cook, can’t you?
work together. And if you’re following a clever B Me? No! I can’t even boil an egg.
fox you can see him working out how to lose 3 A You’ve got a DVD player, haven’t you?
us – he knows the countryside so well, where Unit 11 B Believe it or not, I haven’t. I’ve got a
laptop, though.
the holes are, where to hide. Where we hunt in
Wales -erm … it’s a sheep farming area, so the 4 A Mary’s very clever, isn’t she?
farmers contact us if they have a problem with a
T 11.1 A stranger in town B Yes. She’s extremely bright.
fox. We only hunt on their land if we are asked. F = Frank, R = Hotel Receptionist 5 A There are a lot of people here, aren’t there?
I don’t hunt so much now because the laws have F Hi. I’ve just checked in and I wonder if you B I know! It’s absolutely packed. I can’t move!
changed. could help me. 6 A The book wasn’t very good, was it?
R I’ll be happy to try. B It was terrible! The worst I’ve read in ages.
T 10.8 See p85 F Well, first, I’m not sure if we’re near the CN 7 A I’m a silly person, aren’t I?
Tower. B No, you’re not. Everybody makes mistakes.
T 10.9 R The CN Tower? It’s very close. It’s only about 8 A You aren’t going out dressed like that, are
Pleasure a ten-minute walk. you?
That’s great! F Oh, good. Can you tell me if there are any B Why? What’s wrong with my clothes? I
Lovely! good restaurants nearby? thought I looked really cool.
Agreement R Lots. Erm, one good one is the Café Giovanni.
Definitely. T 11.6
It’s casual but they have very good food.
Fair enough. F Sounds wonderful. Oh, and I need to cash A It’s so beautiful, isn’t it?
Fine. some traveller’s cheques, but I don’t know B What is?
Surprise what time the banks close. A The view. That’s the CN Tower, isn’t it?
You didn’t! R Most banks don’t close until 5.30 on B What?
You did what? weekdays, but some have extended hours. A The CN Tower.
Sympathy F Thank you very much. Oh … I’m sorry but I B The CN Tower isn’t that tall, is it?
That’s a shame. can’t remember which restaurant you A Oh yes, it is. It’s the tallest building in
That’s too bad. suggested. Toronto.
Bad luck. R The Café Giovanni. T 11.7
F Café Giovanni. Got it. Thanks for your help.
T 10.10 R My pleasure. 1 A You broke that vase, didn’t you?
A My grandfather hasn’t been too well lately. B Yes, I did. I dropped it. I’m sorry.
B Oh dear. T 11.2 A You’ll replace it, won’t you?
A He’s 79. Don’t you think at his age he should K=Kevin, S = Sam B Yes, of course I will. How much did it cost?
slow down a bit? A £300.
S Daddy? B £300?! It wasn’t that much, was it?
B Absolutely.
K Yes, Sam? A Yes, it was.
A But he won’t listen to me. He says he wants to
S Suzie didn’t go to school this morning, did 2 A Have you paid the electricity bill yet?
enjoy his life to the full.
she? B No, you paid it, didn’t you?
B Fair enough.
K No, Sam, it’s the weekend, and there’s no A No, I haven’t paid it. I thought you paid it.
A Last summer he went on a two-week cycling
school at weekends. B Me? But you always pay it, don’t you?
holiday in France.
S I’m going to start school next year, aren’t I? A No, I don’t. I always pay the phone bill.
B You’re kidding!
K That’s right. You’ll be at the same school as B Oh, yes. Sorry.
A We’re going to have a big family meal for his
Suzie. 3 A We’re going to be so late, aren’t we?
80th.
S But not at weekends. You like weekends, B Erm, I think so.
B That’s great.
don’t you, Daddy? A Our table was booked for eight, wasn’t it?
A But before that, I’m going to have a word with
K Yes, I certainly do. I can spend more time B Well …
him and tell him to take things easy.
with you! A And it’s five past now, isn’t it?
B Good for you.
S Can I have another biscuit, Daddy?
B Yes, but they’ll hold it until 8.15, won’t T 11.10 P = Presenter, A = Alan B Oh! You mean dental floss.
they? P Stories of forgetfulness like these are familiar A Yeah. That’s it!
A Yes, I hope so. to many of us, and experts say that such cases
4 A Helen didn’t win the competition, did she?
B Yes, she did. She won £2 million!
A She isn’t going to give it all away, is she?
as Ellen’s, Josh’s, and Fiona’s show the loss of
memory is not just related to age, but can be Unit 12
caused by our way of life. Alan Buchan is a
B As a matter of fact she is. Professor of Psychology and he explains why.
A Wow. Not many people would do that, T 12.1 I read it in the papers …
A One of the problems, these days, is that many
would they? companies have far fewer employees. This Look, Mum! I’ve bought a car on eBay for
B Well, I certainly wouldn’t. means that one person often does several £9,000!
5 A I think we’re lost. Let’s look at the map. jobs. Jobs that before were done by many A three-year-old boy used his mother’s
B Uh-oh. people are now done by a few. If you have computer to buy a £9,000 car on the Internet
A What do you mean, ‘Uh-oh’? You didn’t five things to do at once, you become stressed auction site eBay.
forget to bring the map, did you? and forgetful. I think many people in work Jack Neal’s parents only discovered their son’s
B Sorry. situations, at a meeting or something, have successful bid when they received a message
A How are we going to get back to the the experience where they start a sentence and from the website.
campsite without a map? halfway through it, they can’t remember what The message said they had bought a pink
B Well, we could ask a police officer, couldn’t they’re talking about, and they can’t finish the Nissan Figaro.
we? sentence. Mrs Neal, 36, said that they couldn’t
A There aren’t many police officers on this P That’s happened to me. understand it. She explained that she had been
mountain! A It’s a terrible feeling – you think you’re going on the net the day before, but she hadn’t bought
insane. I remember one patient who came to anything.
T 11.8 The forgetful generation ‘Jack kept telling us that he was so happy, and
me so distressed because at three important
P = Presenter meetings in one week, she found herself that we would soon get a big surprise.’
saying, mid-sentence, ‘I’m sorry, I can’t Mrs Neal, from Sleaford, Lincolnshire,
P Hi, and welcome to What’s your problem?
remember what I’m talking about.’ This was a thought Jack was joking. He often used the
How’s your day been so far? Have you done
patient in a new job, which involved a lot of computer, and she was pretty sure that he knew
all the things you planned? Kept all your
travelling. She also had a home and family to her password. Her husband, John, 37, phoned
appointments? If so, good for you! If not –
take care of and she’d recently moved. She the seller of the car, and explained that there had
well, you’re not alone. Many of us in the busy
had so many things to think about that her been a mistake.
twenty-first century are finding it more and
brain couldn’t cope. It shut down. ‘Fortunately he saw the funny side and said
more difficult to remember everything. Once
P I can see the problem, but what’s the solution? he would advertise the car again.’
upon a time we just blamed getting older for
How did you help that patient? Mr Neal has told Jack to be more careful, and
our absent-mindedness, but now experts are
A Well, part of the solution is recognizing the he has asked his wife to change her password.
blaming our modern lifestyle. They say that
we have become ‘the forgetful generation’ and problem. Once we’d talked to this patient T 12.2
that day after day we overload our memories. about her stressful lifestyle, she realized that
she wasn’t going crazy and she felt more 1 Mrs Neal said her son was very clever.
T 11.9 relaxed and was able to help herself. But do 2 She told me he usually played computer
Ellen you know one of the best ways to remember games.
things, even in these days of personal and 3 His father explained that he had bought the
Last year I finished university and I got a job computer for his work.
in the same town, Canterbury. And one day, handheld computers?
P What’s that? 4 Mrs Neal decided that she wouldn’t use eBay
for some reason, rather than go to work for 9 anymore.
o’clock, I got the bus and went to the university A It’s a notebook, or just a piece of paper! At the
beginning of every day write yourself a list of 5 Jack said he didn’t know how it had
for an 11 o’clock lecture. I was sitting there, happened.
in the lecture room, and I thought to myself, things you have to do – and it gives you a
really good feeling when you cross things off 6 He told reporters that he had always liked
‘Why don’t I know anybody?’ Then suddenly I computers.
remembered that I’d finished university and that the list as you do them!
P Well, there you have it! Thank you very much 7 His mother asked Jack to tidy his room.
I was two hours late for work! 8 His father told him to go and play football.
Professor … uh … um … ? Oh – Professor
Josh Alan Buchan! T 12.3 Man throws away £20,000 in town
I’m studying law in London now, and, erm, at centre
the end of last term I packed my suitcase as usual T 11.11
and went to King’s Cross station to catch the 1 A What do you say we break for lunch? A mystery man started a riot in a busy town
train home. I was sitting reading on the train, B Great idea. We can grab a sandwich at the centre yesterday by hurling £20,000 in banknotes
revising for my exams, and the inspector came to snack bar. into the air.
check my ticket. He looked at it and said, ‘Thank 2 A What are you up to? Traffic was stopped at 11.00 a.m. in
you, sir. We’ll be in Newcastle in about an hour.’ B Nothing much. Just sitting around Alexandra Road, Aberystwyth, mid-Wales, as
Suddenly I thought, ‘Newcastle!?! I don’t want to watching TV. money rained down from the sky.
go to Newcastle. My parents live in Plymouth!’ A You’re such a couch potato! Local shopkeeper Anthony Jones, 55, said ‘I
You see, when I was a child I lived with my B Hey, give me a break! I work hard all week. couldn’t understand it, so I asked my neighbour
parents in Newcastle, but we moved to Plymouth I like to relax at weekends. what was happening.’ They saw people on their
when I was ten. I couldn’t believe it. How could I 3 A Quick! Give me your homework so I can hands and knees grabbing money. ‘No one knew
have been so stupid? copy it. where the money came from,’ he said. ‘They
B No way! Do your own homework! were just stuffing it in their pockets.’
Fiona 4 A Did you mend the TV? Passer-by Eleanor Morris said, ‘I wondered
Some time ago I got dressed, ready to go to B Kind of. Channel 4’s OK, but we still can’t if there had been a road accident, because the
work. I put on my smart black suit. I’d been get Sky TV. traffic was at a complete standstill.’
working at home the night before – preparing A Anything good on tonight? Flower seller Cadwyn Thomas saw the man,
for a very important meeting the next day, and I B Dunno. Look in the paper. who was wearing a red Welsh rugby shirt.
remembered to put all the right papers into my 5 A What do you call that stuff you use to ‘I asked him why he was giving away all his
briefcase. I left home and walked down to the clean between your teeth? money, but he didn’t answer. He just laughed.’
bus stop. Just before I got on the bus, I looked B What do you mean? Police asked Cadwyn if she knew the man.
down, and I was still wearing my fluffy, pink A You know! It’s like string. White. ‘I told them I’d never seen him before. He
bedroom slippers! certainly wasn’t from around here.’
Dyfed-Powys Police later confirmed that a T 12.8 She didn’t say that
forty-year-old man from Aberystwyth had been 1 Merinda is phoning Jenny
questioned. ‘He refused to tell us why he’d done A Can I speak to Jenny, please?
it,’ a spokesman said, ‘so it’s a complete mystery. B I’m afraid she isn’t here at the moment.
He wanted to know if we were going to arrest Who’s calling?
him, but giving away money isn’t against the A This is Merinda, from work. Could you
law.’ give her a message?
T 12.4 B Sure.
A Can you ask her to ring me as soon as
A I was coming home from work the other she’s back? It’s quite important.
night and I was stopped by the police. B I’ll pass on your message.
B Were you? Did they ask you lots of questions?
A They certainly did. They asked me where 2 Peter is talking to his boss
I was going and where I’d been and they A At the moment we can only offer you the
wanted to know if I lived in the area. job as Assistant Manager. I hope that’s
B Were you scared? acceptable. The salary is £20,000 a year.
A You bet! B That’s fine. I’ll take the job.
B What else did they ask? A There’s a possibility of promotion in the
A Well, they wondered how old I was and they next six months, if everything works out.
wanted to know if I’d been with friends. B Great!
B Huh! I’m glad I wasn’t with you. 3 Caroline is talking to her son, Ben
A Then they demanded to know if I’d been A Now Ben, you can play on the bike for
using my phone whilst driving. a bit, but then you must let Mike have a
B And had you? turn. OK? You have to learn to share your
A No, of course not! They also asked me if I toys.
could remember when I’d left home. B OK, Mum.
B Do you know why they were asking all this? 4 Ross is leaving a message for James
A No idea. They wouldn’t tell me. This is a message for James. It’s Ross here.
T 12.5 But you said … The match starts at 8.00, so I’ll see you
outside the football stadium at about 7.30.
1 A Bill’s coming round for dinner tonight. Hope that’s OK. See you later.
B Really? I thought you said he wasn’t feeling
well. 5 Tom is talking to Sally
2 A Oh, no! I’ve spilt tomato ketchup on my A I’ll look at your computer for you, but
white shirt! I can’t promise to mend it. I’m not an
B I told you to be careful. I knew you’d do expert.
that. B Will you charge me for it?
3 A Did you get me a drink?
A Don’t be silly. Of course not. I’ll do it for
B Sorry. I didn’t realize you were here. What nothing.
would you like? T 12.11 See p101
4 A I’m getting married next June!
B Are you? I didn’t know you were engaged.
Congratulations!
5 A Oh, no! It’s raining!
B Really? But the weather forecast said it was
going to be a nice day.
6 A You left the doors and windows of the flat
open this morning.
B I’m sorry. I was pretty sure I’d closed
everything.
7 A Where did Tom go last night?
B I’ve no idea where he went.
T 12.6 The interview
They wanted to know how old I was.
They asked me what I was doing at the moment.
They asked me how much I was earning.
They asked where I’d worked before.
They asked me if I liked working in a team.
They wanted to know when I could start!
T 12.7
1 She asked me to help her.
2 He reminded her to post the letter.
3 She promised to work hard for her exams.
4 She invited me to her wedding.
5 She encouraged me to go travelling.
6 He offered to give me a lift to the airport.
7 He persuaded me to apply for the job.
8 She explained that she’d been very busy.
Grammar Reference
Unit 1
Introduction to auxiliary verbs be

There are three classes of verbs in English. 1 Be + verb + -ing is used to make continuous verb forms.
1 The auxiliary verbs do, be, and have Continuous verb forms describe activities in progress and
These are used to form tenses, and to show forms such as questions temporary activities.
and negatives. He’s washing his hair. (Present Continuous)
2 Modal auxiliary verbs They were going to work. (Past Continuous)
Must, can, should, might, will, and would are examples of modal I’ve been learning English for two years. (Present Perfect
auxiliary verbs. They ‘help’ other verbs, but unlike do, be, and Continuous)
have, they have their own meanings. For example, must expresses I’d like to be walking along the beach right now. (Continuous
obligation and can expresses ability. (See Units 4, 5, 8, and 9.) infinitive)
3 Full verbs 2 Be + past participle is used to form the passive.
These are all the other verbs in the language, for example, play, run, Paper is made from wood. (Present Simple passive)
help, think, want, go, etc. My car was stolen yesterday. (Past Simple passive)
Do, be, and have can also be used as full verbs with their own The house has been redecorated. (Present Perfect passive)
meanings. This homework needs to be done tonight. (Passive infinitive)
do There is an introduction to the passive on p137.
I do my washing on Saturdays.
She does a lot of business in Eastern Europe. have
What do you do? = What’s your job? (The first do is an auxiliary; Have + past participle is used to make perfect verb forms.
the second is a full verb.) He has worked in seven different countries. (Present Perfect)
be She was crying because she had had some bad news. (Past Perfect)
We are in class at the moment. I’d like to have met Napoleon. (Perfect infinitive)
They were at home yesterday. Perfect means ‘before,’ so Present Perfect means ‘before now.’ (See
I want to be a teacher. Units 7 and 10.) Past Perfect means ‘before a time in the past.’ (See
have Unit 3.)
He has a lot of problems.
They have three children. 1.2 Negatives and auxiliary verbs
A note on have and have got To make a negative, add -n’t to the auxiliary verb. If there is no
There are two forms of the verb have: have as a full verb with do/does/ auxiliary verb, use don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.
did for questions, negatives, and short answers and have got where
have is an auxiliary. Positive Negative
He’s working. He isn’t working.
Workbook p8 More information on have/have got I was thinking. I wasn’t thinking.
I’ve read the book. I haven’t read the book.
She works in a bank. She doesn’t work in a bank.
1.1 Tenses and auxiliary verbs They like skiing. They don’t like skiing.
When do, be, and have are used as auxiliary verbs, they make different He went on holiday. He didn’t go on holiday.
verb forms.
It is possible to contract the auxiliaries be and have and use the
do uncontracted not.
In the Present Simple and the Past Simple there is no auxiliary verb, He’s not playing today. (= He isn’t playing today.)
so do, does, and did are used to make questions and negatives (except We’re not going to Italy after all. (= We aren’t going to Italy …)
with be / have got). I’ve not read that book yet. (= I haven’t read the book yet.)
Where do you work? But
She doesn’t like her job. I’m not working. NOT I amn’t working.
What did you buy?
We didn’t buy anything.
134 Grammar Reference 1.1–1.2

Unit 2
1.3 Questions and auxiliary verbs 2.1 Present Simple

1 To make a question, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb. Form
If there is no auxiliary verb, use do/does/did.
Positive and negative Question
Question
She’s wearing jeans. What is she wearing? I I
You aren’t working. Why aren’t you working? We work. we
You don’t work. do
You were born in Paris. Where were you born? you
Peter’s been to China. Has Peter been to China? They Where they live?
We have been studying. Have you been studying? He
works. he
I know you. Do I know you? She
doesn’t work. does she
He wants ice-cream. What does he want? It it
They didn’t go out. Why didn’t they go out?
2 There is usually no do/does/did in subject questions. Compare: Short answer
Who wants ice-cream? What flavour ice-cream do you want? Do you live in Bristol? Yes, we do.
What happened to your eye? What did you do to your eye? Does he have a car? No, he doesn’t.
Who broke the window? How did you break the window?
Use
1.4 Short answers and auxiliary verbs The Present Simple is used to express:
Short answers are very common in spoken English. If you just say Yes 1 an action that happens again and again (a habit).
or No, it can sound rude. We use short answers after Yes / No questions. I go to work by car.
To make a short answer, repeat the auxiliary verb. In the Present and She drinks ten cups of coffee a day.
Past Simple, use do/does/did. I wash my hair twice a week.
Short answer 2 a fact that is always true.
Are you coming with us? Yes, I am. Ronaldo comes from Brazil.
Have you had breakfast? No, I haven’t. Some birds fly south in winter.
Kate likes walking. No, she doesn’t. She hates it. My daughter has brown eyes.
Mary didn’t phone. Yes, she did. You were out. 3 a fact that is true for a long time (a state).
Don’t forget to write. No, I won’t.
He works in a bank.
I live in a flat near the centre of town.
I prefer coffee to tea.
Spelling of verb + -s
1 Most verbs add -s to the base form of the verb.
wants eats helps drives
2 Add -es to verbs that end in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, and -o.
misses washes watches fixes goes
3 Verbs that end in a consonant + -y change the -y to -ies.
carries flies worries tries
But verbs that end in a vowel + -y only add -s.
buys says plays enjoys
Workbook p14 Pronunciation of -s at the end of a word
Adverbs of frequency
1 We often use adverbs of frequency with the Present Simple.
0% 50% 100%
never rarely not often sometimes often usually always
2 They go before the main verb, but after the verb be. Compare:
I usually start school at 9.00. They’re usually in a hurry in the
morning.
I don’t often go to bed late. I’m not often late for school.
She never eats meat. He’s never late.
I rarely see Peter these days. We’re rarely at home at the
weekends.
Grammar Reference 1.3–2.1 135

3 Sometimes and usually can also go at the beginning or the end. 3 Verbs of one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant,
Sometimes we play football. We play football sometimes. double the consonant.
Usually I go shopping with friends. I go shopping with friends stopping getting running planning jogging
usually. If the final consonant is -y or -w, it is not doubled.
Never, always, rarely, and seldom cannot move in this way. playing showing
NOT Never I go to the shopping mall.
Always I have tea in the morning.
2.3 State verbs
4 Every day, etc., goes at the end.
He phones me every night. 1 There are certain groups of verbs that are usually only used in the
Present Simple. This is because their meanings are related to states
or conditions that are facts and not activities. This is a feature of the
2.2 Present Continuous use of the Present Simple. The groups of verbs are:
Form Verbs of thinking and opinions
Positive and negative believe think understand suppose expect
agree doubt know remember forget
’m mean imagine realize deserve prefer
I
’m not
I believe you.
’s Do you understand?
He/She/It eating.
isn’t I know his face, but I forget his name.
’re Verbs of emotions and feelings
We/You/They
aren’t
like love hate care hope wish want admit
Question I like black coffee.
am I Do you want to go out?
What is he/she/it doing? I don’t care.
are we/you/they Verbs of having and being
belong own have possess contain cost seem appear
Short answer need depend on weigh come from resemble
Yes, I am. This book belongs to Jane.
Are you going by train?
No, I’m not. How much does it cost?
He has a lot of money.
Use Verbs of the senses
The Present Continuous is used to express: look hear taste smell feel
1 an activity that is happening now. The food smells good.
Don’t turn the TV off. I’m watching it.
We often use can when the subject is a person.
You can’t speak to Lisa. She’s having a bath.
Can you smell something burning?
2 an activity or situation that is true now, but is not necessarily I can hear someone crying.
happening at the moment of speaking.
2 Some of these verbs can be used in the Present Continuous, but
Don’t take that book. Jane’s reading it.
with a change of meaning. In the continuous, the verb expresses an
I’m doing a French evening class this year.
activity, not a state. Compare:
3 a temporary activity. I think you’re right. We’re thinking of going to the library.
Peter is a student, but he’s working as a waiter during the holidays. (opinion) (mental activity)
I’m living with my parents until I find a place of my own. He has a lot of money. She’s having a bad day.
4 a planned future arrangement. (possession) (activity)
I’m having lunch with Glenda tomorrow. I see what you mean. Are you seeing Nigel tomorrow?
We’re meeting at 1.00 outside the restaurant. (understand) (activity)
The soup tastes awful. I’m tasting the soup to see if it needs salt.
Spelling of verb + -ing (state) (activity)
1 Most verbs add -ing to the base form of the verb.
going wearing visiting eating
2 Verbs that end in one -e lose the -e.
having coming hoping writing
Verbs that end in -ee don’t drop an -e.
agreeing seeing
lie lying

Unit 3
Introduction to the passive Introduction to past tenses

The passive is dealt with in Units 2, 3, and 7. We use different past tenses to focus on different
moments and periods of time in the past.
Form Look at the diagram. Read the sentences.
to be + past participle When Andrea arrived at work at 9.00 a.m. …
The tense of the verb to be changes to give different tenses in the passive. Compare:
The annual company dinner is being held next week. (Present Continuous passive) 8.30 9.00 9.30 10.00
All the employees are invited every year. (Present Simple passive)
Family members weren’t invited last year, but this year they were. (Present Perfect
passive)
Most people would love to be invited to the dinner. (Passive infinitive)
Use Her secretary opened the post.
Her secretary was opening the post.
1 Passive sentences move the focus from the subject to the object of active sentences. Her secretary had opened the post.
Charles Dickens wrote Bleak House in 1852.
Bleak House, the classic novel, was written by Charles Dickens.
3.1 Past Simple
The passive is not just another way of expressing the same sentence in the active.
We choose the active or the passive depending on what we are more interested Form
in. In the first sentence, we are more interested in Charles Dickens; in the second
sentence, Bleak House has moved to the beginning of the sentence because we are The form of the Past Simple is the same for all
more interested in the novel. persons.
2 By and the agent are often omitted in passive sentences if the agent: Positive
– is not known. I
My apartment was robbed last night. He/She/It finished yesterday.
– is not important. We left at 3 o’clock.
This bridge was built in 1886. You arrived three weeks ago.
They
– is obvious.
I was fined £100 for speeding.
Negative
3 The passive is associated with an impersonal, formal style. It is often used in notices
and announcements. I
Customers are requested to refrain from eating or drinking. She finish yesterday.
didn’t
It has been noticed that reference books have been removed from the library. They leave at 3 o’clock.
(etc.)
4 In informal language, we often use you, we, and they to refer to people in general or
to no person in particular. In this way, we can avoid using the passive.
Question
You can buy stamps in lots of shops, not just the post offices.
They’re building a new department store in the city centre. you
We speak English in this shop. he finish the report?
When did
they get married?
Be careful! Many past participles are used as adjectives.
(etc.)
I’m very interested in modern architecture.
We were extremely worried about you.
I’m exhausted! I’ve been working hard all day. Short answer
Yes, we did.
Did you enjoy the meal?
2.4 Present Simple and Present Continuous passive No, we didn’t.
Form Use
Present Simple Passive am/is/are + past participle The Past Simple is used to express:
Present Continuous Passive am/is/are being + past participle
1 a finished action in the past.
is We met in 2000.
It
is being I went to Manchester last week.
mended. John left two minutes ago.
are
They 2 actions that follow each other in a story.
are being
Mary walked into the room and stopped. She
Use listened carefully. She heard a noise coming from
behind the curtain. She threw the curtain open, and
The uses are the same in the passive as in the active.
then she saw …
My car is serviced every six months. (habit)
Computers are used in all areas of life and work. (fact that is always true)
Sorry about the mess. The house is being redecorated at the moment. (activity happening
now)

3 a past situation or habit. The children were playing in the garden …
When I was a child, we lived in a small house by the sea. Every day I
played on the beach with my brother.
This use is often expressed with used to.
We used to live in a small house … I used to walk for miles …
Spelling of verb + -ed
1 Most verbs add -ed to the base form of the verb.
worked wanted helped washed
2 When the verb ends in -e, add -d. … when their grandparents
liked used hated cared arrived.
3 If the verb has only one syllable, with one vowel + one consonant, The Past Continuous is used:
double the consonant before adding -ed.
stopped planned robbed 1 to express activities in progress before, and probably after, a
particular time in the past.
But we write cooked, seated, and moaned because there are two vowels.
At 7 o’clock this morning I was having my breakfast.
4 The consonant is not doubled if it is -y or -w. I walked past your house last night. There was an awful lot of noise.
played showed What were you doing?
5 In most two-syllable verbs, the end consonant is doubled if the stress 2 for descriptions.
is on the second syllable. Jan looked beautiful. She was wearing a green cotton dress. Her eyes
pre’ferred ad’mitted were shining in the light of the candles that were burning nearby.
But we write ‘entered and ‘visited because the stress is on the first 3 to express an interrupted past activity.
syllable. When the phone rang, I was having a shower.
6 Verbs that end in a consonant + -y change the -y to -ied. While we were playing tennis, it started to rain.
carried hurried buried 4 to express an incomplete activity in the past in order to contrast
But we write enjoyed, because it ends in a vowel + -y. with the Past Simple that expresses a completed activity.
There are many common irregular verbs. I was reading a book during the flight. (I didn’t finish it.)
I watched a DVD during the flight. (the whole DVD)
Irregular verbs p157 Note
The Past Simple is usually used to express a repeated past habit or
Past Simple and time expressions situation. But the Past Continuous can be used if the repeated habit
Look at the time expressions that are common with the Past Simple. becomes a longer setting for something. Compare:
last night. I studied English for ten years.
two days ago. I first met Harry while I was studying English.
yesterday morning.
I met him Workbook p20 More information on while, during, and for
in 2001.
in summer.
when I was young. 3.3 Past Simple or Past Continuous?
1 Sometimes we can use the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. The
3.2 Past Continuous Past Simple focuses on past actions as simple facts. The Past
Continuous focuses on the duration of past situations and
Form activities. Compare:
Positive and negative Question A I didn’t see you at the meeting last night.
B No. I stayed at home and watched football.
I I
A I didn’t see you at the meeting last night.
He was she
was B No, I was watching football at home.
She wasn’t he
It 2 Questions in the Past Simple and Past Continuous refer to different
working. What it doing?
time periods: the Past Continuous asks about activities before; the
We we Past Simple asks about what happened after.
were
You were you When his father died, Peter was studying medicine at medical
weren’t
They they school. He decided that it was better to go home to his mother and
postpone his studies.
Short answer What was Peter doing when his father died? He was studying.
Were you looking for me? Yes, I was./No I wasn’t. What did Peter do when his father died? He went home to
Were they waiting outside? Yes, they were./No, they weren’t. his mother.
Use
We often use the Past Continuous in sentences with the Past Simple.
The Past Continuous refers to longer, background activities, while the
Past Simple refers to shorter, completed actions.

Unit 4
3.4 Past Perfect Introduction to modal verbs

Perfect means ‘before,’ so Past Perfect refers to an action in the past The modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, will, would, should,
that was completed before another action in the past. ought to. They are known as modal auxiliary verbs because they ‘help’
another verb. (See also Units 1, 5, 8, and 9.)
Form I can swim.
The form of the Past Perfect is the same for all persons. Do you think I should go?
Positive and negative
Form
I
You ’d (had) seen him before. 1 There is no -s in the third person singular.
We hadn’t finished work at 6 o’clock. She can sing. He must be tired. It might rain.
(etc.) 2 There is no do/does/don’t/doesn’t in the question or negative.
What should I do? Can I help you? You mustn’t steal!
Question He can’t swim. I won’t be a minute.
you 3 Modal auxiliary verbs are followed by the infinitive without to. The
she exception is ought to.
Where had been before?
they You must go. I’ll help you. You ought to see a doctor.
(etc.) 4 They have no infinitives and no -ing forms. Other expressions are
used instead.
Short answer
I’d love to be able to play golf.
Yes, he had. I hate having to get up on cold, winter mornings.
Had he already left?
No, he hadn’t. 5 They don’t usually have past forms. Instead, we can use them with
perfect infinitives:
Use You should have told me that you can’t swim. You might have
1 The Past Perfect is used to make clear that one action in the past drowned!
happened before another action in the past. or we use other expressions:
When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my I had to work hard in school.
apartment and had stolen my DVD player, so I called the police. Note
PAST X X X NOW Could is used with a past meaning to talk about a general ability.
My DVD player was stolen I arrived home I called the police I could swim when I was six. (= general ability)
Action 1: S omeone broke into my apartment and stole my To talk about ability on one specific occasion, we use was able to /
DVD player. managed to.
Action 2: I got home and called the police. The prisoner was able to/managed to escape by climbing on to the
I didn’t want to go to Joe’s house to watch TV because I’d seen the roof of the prison. not could escape
programme before.
PAST X X NOW Use
I saw the programme Joe saw the programme
1 Modal verbs express our attitudes, opinions, and judgements of
Action 1: I saw the programme. events. Compare:
Action 2: Joe saw the programme. ‘Who’s that knocking on the door?’
2 Notice the difference between the following sentences: ‘It’s John.’ (This is a fact.)
When I got to the office, Peter went home. ‘Who’s that knocking on the door?’
(= First I arrived, then Peter left.) ‘It could/may/might/must/should/can’t/’ll be John.’ (These all
When I got to the office, Peter had gone home. express our attitude or opinion.)
(= First Peter left, then I arrived.) 2 Each modal verb has at least two meanings. One use of all of them is
to express possibility or probability. (See Unit 9 p147.)
3.5 Past tenses in the passive I must post this letter! (= obligation)
You must be tired! (= deduction, probability)
Form Could you help me? (= request)
Past Simple Passive was/were + past participle We could go to Spain for our holiday. (= possibility)
Past Continuous Passive was/were being + past participle You may go home now. (= permission)
Past Perfect Passive had been + past participle ‘Where’s Anna?’ ‘I’m not sure. She may be at work.’ (= possibility)
Use
The uses are the same in the passive as in the active.
The bridge was built in 1876. (finished action in the past)
The bomb was being defused when it exploded. (interrupted past activity)
The letter didn’t arrive because it had been sent to my old address. (one
action before another action in the past)
Grammar Reference 3.4–Unit 4 139

Modal verbs of obligation and permission Use
4.1 have (got) to Can is a modal verb.
Can and be allowed to express permission. Can is more informal and usually spoken.
Form You can borrow my bike, but you can’t have the car. I need it.
Positive and negative They can’t come in here with those muddy shoes!
You’re allowed to get a driving licence when you’re 17.
I/You/ have to Are we allowed to use a dictionary for this test?
We/They don’t have to He isn’t allowed to park here.
work hard.
has to
He/She
doesn’t have to 4.2 should, ought to, and must
Question Form
I Should, ought to, and must are modal verbs.
Do you have to work hard?
should/shouldn’t
(etc.) I/You/We/They
ought to / ought not to work hard.
He/She/ It
must
Use
Have to is not a modal verb. Use
1 Have to expresses strong obligation. It expresses a 1 Should and ought to express mild obligation, suggestions, or advice. They express
general obligation based on a law or rule, or based on what, in the speaker’s opinion, is the right or best thing to do. We often use
the authority of another person. It is impersonal. them with I think/don’t think … .
Children have to go to school until they are 16. (a law) You’re always asking me for money. I think you should spend less.
Mum says you have to clean your room before you go You shouldn’t sit so close to the television! It’s bad for your eyes.
out. (mother’s order) You ought to be more careful with your money.
2 Have got to is common in British English but it is 2 Should I/she/we … ? is possible. We often use Do you think … ?
more informal than have to. Should I try to eat less?
I’ve got to go now. See you! Do you think I should see a doctor?
Don’t go to bed late. We’ve got to get up early 3 Must, like have to, expresses strong obligation. Must expresses an obligation that
tomorrow. involves the speaker’s opinion. It is personal.
‘Go and tidy your room.’ ‘Have I got to?’ ‘Yes, you I must get my hair cut. (This is me talking to me.)
have!’ You must go and visit your grandmother. (A parent talking to a child.)
3 Have to expresses a general repeated obligation. 4 Must is also associated with a formal, written style.
I always have to tell my parents where I’m going. All visitors must show proper ID. (Sign in the lobby of an office building)
Have got to expresses an obligation on one particular Books must be returned on or before the due date. (Instructions in a library)
occasion.
I’ve got to get up early tomorrow to catch a train. have to and must, don’t have to and mustn’t
1 Have to and must are sometimes interchangeable.
can and be allowed to I must be home by midnight. I have to be home by midnight.
Form But have to is used more often than must. If you are unsure which to use, it is
probably safer to use have to.
Affirmative and negative 2 Must I … ? is possible, but question forms with have to are more common.
I/You/ can/can’t Do I have to do what you say, or can I do what I want?
We/They are allowed to 3 Have to has all forms; must does not.
aren’t allowed to I had to work until midnight last night. (Past)
park here.
can/can’t You’ll have to study hard when you go to college. (Future)
He/She is allowed to She’s a millionaire. She’s never had to do any work. (Present Perfect)
isn’t allowed to I hate having to get up on cold, winter mornings. (-ing form)
If you were a nurse, you would have to wear a uniform. (Infinitive)
Question 4 Don’t have to and mustn’t are completely different.
Can I/you/we etc. Don’t have to expresses absence of obligation – you can but it isn’t necessary.
Some people iron their socks, but you don’t have to. I think it’s a waste of time.
Am I When you go into a shop, you don’t have to buy anything. You can just look.
Are you allowed to park here? Mustn’t expresses negative obligation – it is very important not to do something.
Is he You mustn’t steal other people’s things. It’s wrong.
You mustn’t drive if you’re tired. You could kill someone!
Workbook p28 Further practice of must and have to

Unit 5
4.3 Making requests: can, could, will, and would Introduction to future forms
1 There are many ways of making requests in English. There is no future tense in English as there is in many European
languages. However, English has several forms that can refer to the
Can future. Three of these are will, going to, and the Present Continuous.
Could help me, please?
you I’ll see you later. (will)
Will pass the salt, please?
Would We’re going to see a football match tonight. Do you want to come?
(going to)
Would you mind helping me, please? I’m seeing the doctor tomorrow evening. (Present Continuous)
Can speak to you, please? The difference between them is not about near or distant future, or
I about certainty. The speaker chooses a future form depending on how
Could ask you a question?
the speaker sees the future event. Is it a plan, a decision, an intention,
Do you mind if I open the window? an offer, a prediction, or an arrangement? This is the important
Would you mind if I opened the window? question to ask when choosing a future form. There is more about this
in Use below.
Can, could, will, and would are all modal verbs.
2 Could is a little more formal; can is a little more familiar. Could
I … ? and Could you … ? are very useful because they can be used 5.1 will/going to and the Present Continuous
in many different situations.
3 Here are some ways of responding to requests:
Form
A Excuse me! Could you help me? Positive and negative
B Sure. I
Of course. ’ll
He
Well, I’m afraid I’m a little busy right now. won’t
They help you.
A Would you mind if I opened the window? watch TV tonight.
B No, not at all. I’m/I’m not
No, that’s fine. She’s/She isn’t going to
Well, I’m a little cold, actually. We’re/We aren’t
I’m/I’m not
4.4 Making offers: will and shall/should He’s/He isn’t catching the 10 o’clock flight.
You’re/You aren’t
1 Will and shall /should are used to express offers. They are both
modal verbs. Question
2 The contracted form of will is used to express an intention, will you
decision, or offer made at the moment of speaking. arrive?
What time are you going to
Come over after work. I’ll cook dinner for you.
‘It’s Jane’s graduation today.’ Is it? I’ll buy her some flowers.’ are you meeting the manager?
Give him your suitcase. He’ll carry it for you.
Don’t worry about catching the bus. Dave’ll give you a lift. Note
Give it back or we’ll call the police! We avoid saying going to come or going to go.
In many languages, this idea is often expressed by a present tense, We’re coming tomorrow.
but in English this is wrong. When are you going home?
I’ll give you my number. NOT I give you my number.
I’ll carry your suitcase. NOT I carry your suitcase. Use
Other uses of will are dealt with in Unit 5. Plans, decisions, and intentions (will and going to)
3 Shall / Should …? is used in questions with the first person, I and will
we. It expresses an offer, a suggestion, or a request for advice. Will is used as a modal auxiliary verb to express a decision, intention,
‘Shall I carry your bag for you?’  ‘That’s very kind. Thank you.’ or offer made at the moment of speaking. We saw this use in Unit 4.
‘Shall we go out for a meal tonight?’  ‘Mmm. I’d love to.’ (See 4.4.) Remember that you can’t use the present tense for this use.
‘What shall we do? We haven’t got any money.’  ‘We could ask Dad.’ I’ll have the steak, please. NOT I have the steak.
We use should to make an informal suggestion. I’ll see you tomorrow. Bye! NOT I see you tomorrow.
Give me a call sometime. We’ll go out for coffee.
What should we have for dinner?
‘Jeff, there’s someone at the door!’ ‘OK, I’ll get it.’
What should we do tonight?

Unit 6
going to Introduction to like

Going to is used to express a future plan, decision, or intention made Like can be a verb or a preposition.
before the moment of speaking. Like as a verb can be followed by -ing or to, sometimes with a change in
When I grow up, I’m going to be a doctor. meaning.
Jane and Peter are going to get married next month. I like going out at the weekend. (general enjoyment)
We’re going to paint this room blue. I like to sit in a hot bath and read. (habits and preferences)
Facts and predictions (will and going to) Like as a verb has a person as the subject:
will I like modern architecture.
The most common use of will is as an auxiliary verb to show future I don’t like the way he looks at me.
time. It expresses a future fact or prediction. It is called the pure future Do you like fish?
or the Future Simple. Would you like a coffee?
We’ll be away for two weeks. Like as a preposition has an object after it:
Those flowers won’t grow under the tree. It’s too dark. She’s wearing a hat like mine.
Our friendship will last forever. He’s nothing like his father.
You’ll be sick if you eat all those sweets! That sounds like a plane.
Will for a prediction can be based more on an opinion than a fact. You’re behaving like children.
I don’t think Laura will do very well in her exam. She doesn’t do That new friend of his – what’s he like?
any work.
I am convinced that inflation will fall to three per cent next year. 6.1 What ... like?
going to What is/are/was/were … like? is used to ask about the permanent
Going to can also express a prediction, especially when it is based on a nature of people and things. It asks for a description or an impression
present fact. There is evidence now that something is certain to or a comparison.
happen. What’s the health service like in your country?
She’s going to have a baby. (We can see she’s pregnant.) What are the new students like?
Our team is going to win the match. (It’s four–nil, and there are only
five minutes left to play.) Be careful!
It isn’t going to rain today. (Look at that beautiful blue sky.) 1 With a description or an impression, we do not use like in the
Note answer.
Sometimes there is no difference between will and going to. What’s London like? It’s quite big, and it’s very interesting.
NOT It’s like quite big …
will start What’s Amanda like? She’s tall, attractive, and very funny.
In September he his course at university.
is going to start NOT She’s like tall …
2 With a comparison, we can use like in the answer. Here, like means
Arrangements (Present Continuous) similar to / the same as.
The Present Continuous can be used to express a future arrangement What’s London like? It’s like New York, but without the tall
between people. It usually refers to the near future. buildings. (= It’s similar to …)
We’re going out with Jeremy tonight. What’s Amanda’s daughter like?
I’m having my hair cut tomorrow. She’s just like Amanda.
What are we having for lunch? (= She’s the same as …)
Think of the things you might put in your diary to remind you of what
you are doing over the next few days and weeks. These are the kinds Workbook p39 Like and as
of events that are often expressed by the Present Continuous for the
future. The verbs express some kind of activity or movement. 6.2 How ... ?
I’m meeting Peter tonight.
1 How … ? is used to ask about the present condition of something
The Taylors are coming for dinner.
that can change.
I’m seeing the doctor in the morning.
How’s work these days? It’s better than last year.
Remember that you can’t use the present tense for this use. How was the traffic this morning? It was worse than usual.
We’re going out for a meal on Saturday evening.
To ask about the weather, we can use both questions.
NOT We go out for a meal on Saturday evening.
We’re catching the 10 o’clock flight. How’s the weather
where you are?
NOT We catch the 10 o’clock flight. What’s the weather like
What are you doing this evening?
NOT What do you do this evening? 2 How … ? is also used to ask about people’s health and happiness.
Compare:
Sometimes there is no difference between an agreed arrangement
(Present Continuous) and an intention (going to). How’s Peter? He’s fine.
What’s Peter like? He’s a nice guy. He’s quite tall, has dark hair …
We’re going to get 3 How … ? is also used to ask about people’s reactions and feelings.
married in the spring.
We’re getting
How’s your meal?
How’s your new job?

Unit 7
6.3 How . . . ? or What ... like? Introduction to the Present Perfect

Sometimes we can use What … like? or How … ?, but they aren’t the The same form (have + past participle) exists in many European
same. What … like? asks for an objective description. How … ? asks for languages, but the uses in English are different. In English, the Present
personal feelings. Compare: Perfect is essentially a present tense, but it also expresses the effect of
How was the match? It was great! past actions and activities on the present.
What was the match like? It was very exciting. It ended 4-4!
PAST PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT
6.4 Verb + -ing or infinitive
Verb patterns p158 Present Perfect means ‘before now’. The Present Perfect does not
express when an action happened. If we say the exact time, we have to
use the Past Simple.
6.5 Relative clauses In my life, I have travelled to all seven continents.
1 Relative clauses are used to tell us which person or thing we are I travelled around Africa in 1998.
talking about. They make it possible to give more information
about the person or thing being spoken about. 7.1 The Present Perfect
The boy has gone to the beach. (Which boy?)
The boy who lives next door has gone to the beach. Form
The book is very good. (Which book?) Positive and negative
The book that I bought yesterday is very good.
This is a photo of the hotel. (Which hotel?) I
This is a photo of the hotel where we stayed. We ’ve
2 We use who to refer to people (and we can also use that). You haven’t
They lived in Rome.
The book is about a girl who marries a millionaire.
We use that to refer to things (and we can also use which). He ’s
She hasn’t
What was the name of the horse that won the race?
3 When who or that is the object of a relative clause, it can be left out. Question
The person you need to talk to is on holiday. I
The book I bought yesterday is very good. How long have we
But when who or that is the subject of a relative clause, it must be you known Peter?
included.
she
I like people who are kind and considerate. How long has
he
I want a computer that is easy to use.
4 Which can be used to refer to the whole previous sentence or idea. Short answer
I passed my driving test on my first attempt, which surprised Yes, I have.
everyone. Have you always lived in Budapest?
No, I haven’t.
Jane can’t come with us, which is a shame.
5 We use whose to refer to someone’s possessions. Use
That’s the woman whose bag was lost.
That’s the man whose son won the race. The Present Perfect expresses:
6 We can use where to refer to places. 1 an action that began in the past and still continues (unfinished
The hotel where we stayed was right on the beach. past).
We went back to the place where we first met. We’ve lived in the same house for 25 years.
Peter’s worked as a teacher since 2000.
How long have you known each other?
6.6 Participles They’ve been married for 20 years.
Participles after a noun define and identify in the same way as relative Note
clauses.
Many languages express this idea with a present tense, but in
That person driving the red Porsche is my cousin.
English this is wrong.
The men seen outside were probably the thieves.
Peter has been a teacher for ten years. NOT Peter is a teacher for
ten years.
These time expressions are common with this use.
two years 1970
a month the end of the class
for a few minutes since August
half an hour 8 o’clock
ages New Year
We use for with a period of time and since with a point in time.

2 an experience that happened at some time in one’s life. The action 2 We can see that the Present Perfect refers to indefinite time and
is in the past and finished, but the effects of the action are still felt. the Past Simple refers to definite time by looking at the time
When the action happened is not important. expressions used with the different tenses.
I’ve been to the United States. (I still remember.) Present Perfect – indefinite Past Simple – definite
She’s written poetry and children’s stories. (in her writing career) for a long time. yesterday.
Have you ever had an operation? (at any time in your life up since July. last week.
to now) I’ve done it
before. two days ago.
How many times has he been married? (in his life) recently. I did it at 8 o’clock.
The adverbs ever, never, and before are common with this use.
I’ve already done it. in 1987.
Have you ever been to Australia? I haven’t done it yet. when I was young.
I’ve never tried bungee jumping. for a long time.
I haven’t tried sushi before.
Be careful with this morning/afternoon, etc.
Questions and answers about definite times are expressed in the Have you seen Amy this morning? (It’s still morning.)
Past Simple. Did you see Amy this morning? (It’s the afternoon or evening.)
When did you go to the United States?
Was her poetry published while she was alive?
I broke my leg once, but I didn’t have to stay in the hospital. 7.3 Present Perfect Simple passive
He met his best friend when they were at school.
Form
3 a past action that has a present result. The action is usually in the
recent past. has/have been + past participle
The taxi hasn’t arrived yet. (We’re still waiting for it.) It has been
What have you done to your lip? (It’s bleeding.) sold.
We often announce news in the Present Perfect because the speaker They have been
is emphasizing the event as a present fact.
Have you heard? Tomorrow’s exam has been cancelled. Use
Susan’s had her baby! The uses are the same in the passive as in the active.
I’ve ruined the meal.
Two million cars have been produced so far this year. (unfinished past)
Details about definite time will be in the Past Simple. Has she ever been made redundant? (past experience)
She resigned because she got a better job offer. ‘Have you heard? Two hundred homes have been washed away by a tidal
She had a baby boy this morning. It was a difficult birth. wave!’ (present importance)
I didn’t watch it carefully enough.
The adverbs yet, already, and just are common with this use. 7.4 Phrasal verbs
I haven’t done my homework yet. (Negative)
Has the taxi arrived yet? (Question) There are four types of phrasal verbs. Types 1, 2, and 3 can be literal or
I’ve already done my homework. idiomatic. Type 4 are nearly always idiomatic.
She’s just had some good news. Type 1
Be careful with been and gone. Verb + particle (no object)
He’s been to the United States. (experience – he isn’t there now) a He put on his coat and went out.
She’s gone to the United States. (present result – she’s there now) b I didn’t put enough wood on the fire and it went out.
In a, the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used
Workbook p45 Further practice of been and gone idiomatically. Go out means stop burning.
Examples with literal meaning:
7.2 Present Perfect or Past Simple? Sit down.
She stood up and walked out.
1 The Present Perfect is for unfinished actions. The Past Simple is for
Please go away.
completed actions. Compare:
She walked right past the store without noticing it.
Present Perfect Past Simple Examples with idiomatic meaning:
I’ve lived in Texas for six years. I lived in Texas for six years. The marriage didn’t work out. (= succeed)
(I still live there.) (Now I live somewhere else.) Our plans fell through. (= fail)
I’ve written several books. Shakespeare wrote 30 books.
(I can still write some more.) (He can’t write any more.) Type 2
Verb + particle + object (separable)
a I put up the picture.
b I put up my sister for the night.
In a, the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used
idiomatically. Put up means give someone food and a place to sleep,
usually for the night or a few days.
Type 2 phrasal verbs are separable. The object (noun or pronoun) can
come between the verb and the particle.
I put up the picture. I put up my sister.
I put the picture up. I put my sister up.

Unit 8
If the object is a pronoun, it always comes between the verb and the Introduction to conditionals
particle.
There are many different ways of making sentences with if. It is
I put it up. NOT I put up it. important to understand the difference between sentences that express
I put her up. NOT I put up her.
real possibilities, and those that express unreal situations.
Examples with a literal meaning:
The waiter took away the plates. Real possibilities
Don’t throw it away. If it rains, we’ll stay home.
They’re pulling that old building down. (if + Present Simple + will)
Examples with an idiomatic meaning: If you’ve finished your work, you can go home.
I put off the meeting. (= postpone) (if + Present Perfect + modal auxiliary verb)
Don’t let me down. (= disappoint) If you’re feeling ill, go home and get into bed.
(if + Present Continuous + imperative)
Type 3
Verb + particle + object (inseparable) Unreal situations
a She came across the room. You would understand me better if you came from my country.
b She came across an old friend while she was out shopping. (would + if + Past Simple)
In a, the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used If I were rich, I wouldn’t have any problems.
idiomatically. Come across means find by accident. (if + were + would)
Type 3 phrasal verbs are inseparable. The object (noun or pronoun) If I stopped eating junk food, I could run faster.
always comes after the particle. (if + Past Simple + modal auxiliary verb)
NOT She came an old friend across. or She came her across. There are several patterns that you need to know to understand the
Examples with a literal meaning: variations. Note that a comma is usual when the if clause comes first.
I’m looking for Jane.
They ran across the park. 8.1 First conditional
We drove past them.
Examples with an idiomatic meaning: Form
I’ll look after it for you. (= care for) if + Present Simple + will
She takes after her father. (= resemble in features, build, character, or
Positive
disposition)
He never got over the death of his wife. (= recover from) If I find your wallet, I’ll let you know.
We’ll come and see you on Sunday if the weather’s good.
Type 4 Negative
Verb + particle + particle You won’t pass the test if you don’t study.
I get along very well with my boss. If you lose your ticket, you won’t be able to go.
I’m looking forward to it.
How can you put up with that noise? Question
Type 4 phrasal verbs are nearly always idiomatic. The object cannot What will you do if you don’t find a job?
change position. It cannot come before the particles or between the If there isn’t a hotel, where will you stay?
particles. Note that we do not usually use will in the if clause.
NOT I’m looking forward it to. NOT If you will leave now, you’ll catch the train.
If I’ll go out tonight, I’ll give you a call.
If can be replaced by unless (= if … not) or in case (= because of the
possibility …).
Unless I hear from you, I’ll come at 8.00.
I’ll take my umbrella in case it rains.
Use
1 First conditional sentences express a possible condition and its
probable result in the future.
Condition (if clause) Result (result clause)
If I find a sweater in your size, I’ll buy it for you.
If you can’t do the homework, give me a call.
If you can find my purse, I might buy you an ice-cream.
If you’ve never been to Wales, you should try to go there one day.
2 We can use the first conditional to express different functions (all of
which express a possible condition and a probable result).
If you don’t stop the noise, I’ll phone the police! (a threat)
Careful! If you touch that, you’ll burn yourself! (a warning)
I’ll post the letter if you like. (an offer)
If you lend me £100, I’ll pay you back tomorrow. (a promise)
Grammar Reference 8.1 145

8.2 Time clauses 8.5 First or second conditional?
Conjunctions of time (when, as soon as, before, until, after) are not Both conditionals refer to the present and future. The difference is
usually followed by will. We use a present tense even though the time about probability, not time. It is usually clear which conditional to
reference is future. use. First conditional sentences are real and possible; second
I’ll call you when I get home. conditional sentences express situations that will probably never
As soon as dinner is ready, I’ll give you a call. happen.
Can I have a word with you before I go? If I lose my job, I’ll … (My company is doing badly. There is a strong
Wait until I come back. possibility of being made redundant.)
We can use the Present Perfect if it is important to show that the action If I lost my job, I’d … (I probably won’t lose my job. I’m just
in the time clause is finished. speculating.)
When I’ve read the book, I’ll lend it to you. If there is a nuclear war, we’ll all … (Said by a pessimist.)
I’ll go home after I’ve done the shopping. If there was a nuclear war, … (But I don’t think it will happen.)
would
8.3 Zero conditional Notice the use of would in the following sentences:
Zero conditional sentences refer to ‘all time,’ not just the present or She’d look better with shorter hair. (= If she cut her hair, she’d look
future. They express a situation that is always true. If means when or better.)
whenever. would to express preference
If you spend over £50 at that supermarket, you get a five per cent I’d love a cup of coffee.
discount. Where would you like to sit?
I’d rather have coffee, please.
I’d rather not tell you, if that’s all right.
8.4 Second conditional What would you rather do, stay in or go out?
Form would to express a request
Would you open the door for me?
if + Past Simple + would Would you mind lending me a hand?
Positive
If I won some money, I’d go around the world.
My father would be proud if he could see me now.
Negative
I’d give up my job if I didn’t like it.
If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t spend it all.
Question
What would you do if you saw someone shoplifting?
If you needed help, who would you ask?
Note that was can change to were in the condition clause.
If I I
were rich, wouldn’t have to work.
If he he
Use
1 We use the second conditional to express an unreal situation
and its probable result. The situation or condition is improbable,
impossible, imaginary, or contrary to known facts.
If I were on the Olympic basketball team, I’d train everyday. (But it’s
not very likely that I will ever be on the team.)
If my mother knew about my plans, she’d be very surprised. (But she
doesn’t.)
If Ted needed money, I’d lend it to him. (But he doesn’t need it.)
2 Other modal verbs are possible in the result clause.
I could buy some new clothes if I had some money.
If I saved a little every week, I might be able to save up for a car.
If you wanted that job, you’d have to apply very soon.
3 If I were you, I’d … is used to give advice.
If I were you, I’d apologize to her.
I’d take it easy for a while if I were you.

Unit 9
Modal verbs 9.3 Asking about possibilities

Modal verbs can express ability, obligation, permission,
and request. They can also express the idea of probability To ask about possibility/probability we usually use Do you think …? Question
or how certain a situation is. There is an introduction to forms with modal verbs of probability are unusual.
modal auxiliary verbs on p139. ‘Do you think she’s married?’ ‘She can’t be.’
‘Where do you think he’s from?’ ‘He might be Spanish or Portuguese.’
‘Do you think they’ve arrived yet?’ ‘They may have. Or they might have got
Modal verbs of probability stuck in the traffic.’
9.1 Expressing possibility/probability:
the present/future 9.4 So do I! Neither do I!
1 Must and can’t express the logical conclusion of a When we agree or disagree using So …/Neither … I, we repeat the auxiliary verbs.
situation: must = logically probable; can’t = logically If there is no auxiliary, use do/does/did. Be careful with sentence stress.
improbable. We don’t have all the facts, so we are not AGREEING DISAGREEING
absolutely sure, but we are pretty certain. ● ●
He must be exhausted. He can’t even stand up. I like ice-cream. So do I. I don’t like Mary. I do.
Sue can’t have a ten-year-old daughter! Sue’s only 24! I’m wearing jeans. So am I. We’re going now. We aren’t.
He’s in great shape, even though he must be at least 60! I can swim. So can I. I can speak Polish. I can’t.
A walk in this weather! You must be joking! I went out. So did I. I haven’t been skiing. I have.
Is there no answer? They must be sleeping. They can’t ● ●
be out this late! I don’t like working. Neither do I. I like pizza. I don’t.
2 Could and may/might express possibility in the I can’t drive. Neither can I. I saw Pat yesterday. I didn’t.
present or future. May/Might + not is the negative. I haven’t been to Paris Neither have I. I’m going to have I’m not.
Couldn’t is rare in this use. some coffee.
He might be lost.
They could move to a different place.
Dave and Beth aren’t at home. They could be at the 9.5 too and either/neither
supermarket, I suppose. We express that we have the same ideas as somebody else by using too and
We may go to Greece for our vacation. We haven’t either/neither. With too and either we repeat the auxiliary verbs or, if there is no
decided yet. auxiliary, use do/does/did.
Take your umbrella. It might rain later. I like ice-cream. I do, too. / Me too.
I might not be able to come tonight. I might have to I have always studied hard. I have, too. / Me too.
work late. I don’t like working. I don’t, either. / Me neither.
The continuous infinitive I can’t play chess. I can’t, either. / Me neither.
Must/could/can’t/might + be + -ing make the continuous
form in the present.
Peter might be working late.
They can’t be working very hard.
Compare:
‘John’s grass is lovely. He must cut it regularly.’ (habit)
‘What’s John doing in the garden?’ ‘He might be cutting the
grass.’ (now)
9.2 Expressing possibility/probability:

the past
The perfect infinitive
Must/could/can’t/might + have + past participle express
degrees of probability in the past.
He must have been exhausted.
She can’t have told him about us yet.
He might have got lost.
They could have moved house.
The continuous infinitive
Must/could/can’t/might + have + been + -ing make the
continuous form in the past.
She must have been joking.
They can’t have been trying very hard.
He could have been lying to you.
Workbook p57 Further practice of the

continuous infinitive

Unit 10
Continuous forms 2 a past activity that has caused a present result.

Remember, the following ideas are expressed by all I’ve been working all day. (I’m tired now.)
continuous forms: Have you been crying? (Your eyes are red.)
Roger’s been cooking with garlic. (I can smell it.)
1 activity in progress.
Be quiet! I’m thinking. The past activity might be finished or it might not. The context usually makes
I was having a shower when the phone rang. this clear.
I’ve been working since 9 o’clock this morning. Look out of the window! It’s been snowing! (It has stopped snowing now.)
I’ve been writing this book for two years. (It still isn’t finished.)
2 temporary activity.
I’m covered in paint because I’ve been decorating the bathroom. (It might be
We’re staying with friends until we find a place of our finished or it might not. We don’t know.)
own.
We’ve been living with them for six weeks.
3 possibly incomplete activity. 10.2 Present Perfect Simple or Continuous?
I’m writing a report. I have to finish it by tomorrow. 1 The simple expresses a completed action.
Who’s been eating my sandwich? I’ve painted the kitchen, and now I’m doing the bathroom.
Workbook p63 Further practice of simple and The continuous expresses an activity over a period and things that happened
continuous forms during the activity.
I’ve got paint in my hair because I’ve been decorating.
Because the simple expresses a completed action, we use it if the sentence gives
10.1 Present Perfect Continuous a number or quantity. Here, the continuous isn’t possible.
Form I’ve been reading all day. I’ve read ten chapters.
She’s been eating ever since she arrived. She’s eaten ten biscuits already.
Positive and negative 2 Some verbs don’t have the idea of a long time, for example, find, start, buy, die,
I lose, break, stop. These verbs are more usually found in the simple.
We ’ve Some verbs have the idea of a long time, for example, wait, work, play, try,
You haven’t learn, rain. These verbs are often found in the continuous.
They been working. I’ve cut my finger. (One short action.)
He I’ve been cutting firewood. (Perhaps over several hours.)
’s
She
hasn’t
It 10.3 Time expressions
Here are some time expressions often found with certain tenses.
Question
Past Simple
I
have
you I lived in Chicago for six years.
I saw Jack two days ago.
How long
we been working?
They slept during the flight.
she She learnt to speak French while she was at university.
has
it
Present Perfect
We’ve been married for ten years.
Use They’ve been living here since June.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to express: She hasn’t been working since their baby was born.
1 an activity that began in the past and is continuing now. Future
I’ve been studying English for three years. We’re going on vacation for a few days.
How long have you been working here? The class ends in 20 minutes.
Sometimes there is no difference between the simple I’ll be home in a half an hour.
and the continuous. Prepositions with dates, months, years, etc.
I’ve played September
football since I was a boy. Monday 7 o’clock
I’ve been playing 1965
Monday morning the end of May
summer
If the continuous is possible, English has a preference in on 8 August at New Year
the holidays
for using it. New Year’s Day the age of ten
the 1920s
holiday dinner-time
The continuous can sometimes express a temporary the 20th century
activity, and the simple a permanent state.
I’ve been living in this house for the past few months.
(temporary)
I’ve lived here all my life. (permanent)
Remember that state verbs rarely take the continuous
form (see 2.3 p136).
I’ve had this book for ages.
I’ve always loved sunny days.

Unit 11
Question words 2 We repeat the auxiliary verb in the tag. If there is no auxiliary, use
Look at the questions. Notice that What, Which, and Whose can do/does/did.
combine with a noun and How can combine with an adjective or an You haven’t been here before, have you?
adverb. You can speak French, can’t you?
We should take the children out, shouldn’t we?
What kind of books do you like?
Banks close at four, don’t they?
What size shoe do you wear?
She eats meat, doesn’t she?
What colour are your eyes?
You went to bed late, didn’t you?
Which pen do you want?
Which way is it to the station? Note
Whose book is this? For negative question tags with I’m …, use aren’t.
How much do you weigh? I’m late, aren’t I? NOT I’m late, am’t I?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? But,
How many times have you been on a plane?
How much homework do you get every night? I’m not late, am I? NOT I’m not late, aren’t I?
How tall are you? 3 Notice the meaning of Yes and No in answer to question tags.
How often do you go to the dentist? ‘You’re coming, aren’t you?’ ‘Yes.’ (= I am coming.)
How long does it take you to get to school? ‘No.’ (= I’m not coming.)
Use
11.1 Indirect questions
We use question tags to keep a conversation going by involving
1 Indirect questions have the same word order as the positive and listeners and inviting them to participate.
there is no do/does/did. The meaning of a question tag depends on how you say it.
Tom lives in California. A question tag with rising intonation is like a real question –
it is asking for confirmation. It means ‘I’m not sure, so I’m
Do you know where Tom lives ? checking’. The speaker thinks he/she knows the answer, but isn’t
NOT Do you know where does Tom live? absolutely certain.
2 We often make direct questions into indirect questions to make Your name’s Abigail, isn’t it?
them sound ‘softer’ or more polite. You’re in advertising, aren’t you?
Direct question You work in the city, don’t you?
What time do the banks close?
A question tag with falling intonation isn’t really a question at
Indirect question all – it is a way of making conversation. It means ‘Talk to me’. The
Could you tell me speaker expects people to agree with him/her.
Do you know Beautiful day, isn’t it?
Do you happen to know what time the banks close?
Have you any idea It’s wonderful weather for swimming, isn’t it?
Do you remember That was a great match, wasn’t it?
Would you mind telling me
If there is no question word, use if or whether. You haven’t been here before, have you?
I don’t know if I’m coming or not. Note
I wonder whether it’s going to rain. We can also use question tags with negative sentences to make a
polite request for information or help.
Here are some more expressions that introduce indirect questions:
I don’t know You couldn’t lend me your car this evening, could you?
I wonder
I can’t remember
how long the journey takes.
I’ve no idea
I’d like to know
I’m not sure
11.2 Question tags

Form
1 Question tags are very common in spoken English. The most
common patterns are:
positive sentence – negative tag
You’re Jenny, aren’t you?
or negative sentence – positive tag
It isn’t a very nice day, is it?

Unit 12
12.1 Tense changes in reported statements Sometimes we report the idea, rather than the actual words.
‘I’ll lend you some money.’ He offered to lend me some money.
1 It is usual for the verb in the reported clause to move ‘one tense
‘I won’t help you.’ She refused to help me.
back’ if the reporting verb is in the past tense (e.g., said, told).
Present Past
Present Perfect
12.3 Reported questions
Past Perfect
Past Past Perfect 1 The word order in reported questions is different in reported
‘I’m going.’ He said he was going. speech. There is no inversion of subject and auxiliary verb and
‘She’s passed her test.’ He told me she had passed her test. there is no do/does/did. This is similar to indirect questions (see
‘We moved to Canada She said they had moved to p149).
when I was six.’ Canada when she was six. ‘Why have you come here?’ I asked her why she had come here.
The verb also moves ‘one tense back’ when we are reporting ‘What time is it?’ He wants to know what time it is.
thoughts and feelings. ‘Where do you live?’ She asked me where I lived.
I thought she was married, but she isn’t. Note
I didn’t know he was a teacher. I thought he worked in a bank. We do not use a question mark in a reported question.
I forgot you were coming. Never mind. Come in. We do not use say in reported questions.
I hoped you would call. He said, ‘How old are you?’ He asked me how old I am.
2 There is no tense change if: 2 If there is no question word, use if or whether.
– the reporting verb is in the present tense (e.g. says, asks). if
She wants to know she should wear a dress.
‘The bus will be late.’ He says the bus will be late. whether
‘I come from Spain.’ She says she comes from Spain.
– the reported speech is about something that is still true.
12.4 Reported commands, requests, etc.
‘Rain forests are being destroyed.’
She told him that rain forests are being destroyed. 1 For reported commands, requests, offers, and advice, we use
‘I hate football.’ verb + person + to + infinitive.
I told him I hate football. They told us to go away.
Some modal verbs change. They asked me to look after their cat.
can could
He urged the teachers to go back to work.
will would
She persuaded me to have my hair cut.
may might
I advised the President to leave immediately.
‘She can type well.’ He told me she could type well. Say is not possible. Use ask, told, etc.
‘I’ll help you.’ She said she’d help me. 2 For negative commands, use not before to.
‘I may come.’ She said she might come.
He told me not to tell anyone.
Other modal verbs don’t change. The police warned people not to go out.
‘You should go to bed.’ He told me I should go to bed. 3 We use tell for reported statements and reported commands, but
‘It might rain.’ She said she thought it might rain. the form is different.
Must stays as must, or changes to had to.
Reported statements
‘I must go!’ He said he must/had to go.
He told me that he was going.
They told us that they were going abroad.
12.2 Reporting verbs She told them what had been happening.
There are many reporting verbs. Reported commands
We rarely use say with an indirect object (i.e., the person spoken to). He told me to keep still.
She said she was going. NOT She said to me she was going. The police told people to move on.
My parents told me to clean up my room.
Tell is always used with an indirect object in reported speech.
We use ask for reported commands and reported questions, but
me the form is different.
the doctor
She told the news. Reported commands
us
her husband I was asked to attend the interview.
He asked me to open my suitcase.
We can use that after say and tell. She asked me not to leave.
He told her (that) he would be home late.
She said (that) sales were down from last year. Reported questions
He asked me what I did for a living.
Many verbs are more descriptive than say and tell, for example, explain,
I asked her how much the rent was.
interrupt, demand, insist, admit, complain, warn.
She asked me why I had come.
explained that he would be home late.
He complained Workbook p77 Further practice of ask and tell
admitted that sales were down that year.

Pairwork activities
UNIT 1 p9 UNIT 3 p25
PRACTICE PRACTICE
Getting information Getting information
Student A Student A
Ask and answer questions to complete the information Ask and answer questions to complete the story.
about Henri Bernard.
Where was Henri Bernard born? Where did Roy and Wanda go on holiday?
In Lyon, France. How many books has he written? They went to Fujairah. What did they do every day?
They went swimming and lay in the sun. Where … ?

Over forty. How long … ?
Henri Bernard THE TALE OF

United Nations Goodwill Ambassador TWO WAVES
A TRUE ST0RY
Last summer, Roy and his wife Wanda went on holiday
to Cancun (Where? ). Every day,
they went swimming and lay in the sun.
One morning, they were
(Where? ), swimming in the sea, when a huge wave
knocked Wanda’s expensive Italian sunglasses into
the water. Wanda was very upset because
H
enri Bernard was born in Lyon, France (Where?), (Why? ).
in 1962. He is a famous writer and has written The next day, they were sunbathing on the same beach
over forty books, including children’s books, and Wanda was wearing
which have been translated into many languages. (What? ), when suddenly there was another huge wave,
He has been a UN Goodwill Ambassador for which totally covered Wanda. She was
(How long?). His special interest is (How . . . feel? ), but then
children’s health and education. He goes to Africa she looked down and to her amazement, she saw the
expensive sunglasses that she had lost the day before.
(How often?), and he visits schools and
hospitals. He has raised (How much money?)
from people in France. As a Goodwill Ambassador he
is paid just $1 a year.
His father was a famous (What / do?).
Henri went to university in Paris, and studied
(What?). He then worked as a journalist
before writing his first book in 1987.
He is married, and has (How many?)
children. They are both at university, studying
languages.
Pairwork activities 151

PRACTICE PRACTICE
Getting information An amazing thing happened!
Student B Student B
Ask and answer questions to complete the information Ask and answer questions to complete the story.
about Henri Bernard.
Where did Roy and Wanda go on holiday?
Where was Henri Bernard born?
They went to Fujairah. What did they do every day?
In Lyon, France. How many books has he written?
They went swimming and lay in the sun. Where … ?
Over forty. How long … ?
THE TALE OF
Henri Bernard TWO WAVES
United Nations Goodwill Ambassador
A TRUE ST0RY
Last summer, Roy and his wife Wanda went on holiday
to Cancun. Every day, they went swimming and lay in the sun
(What . . . do? ).
One morning, they were at the beach near their
hotel, swimming in the sea, when a huge wave
(What . . . do? ). Wanda
was very upset because Roy had given her the
sunglasses as a present.
The next day, they were sunbathing
H
enri Bernard was born in Lyon, France, in
(Where? ) and Wanda
1962. He is a famous writer and has written was wearing a new, cheap pair of sunglasses, when
over forty (How many?) books, including suddenly there was another huge wave, which
children’s books. His books have been translated (What . . . do? ). She was
into many languages. furious, but then she looked down and to her
amazement, she saw
He has been a UN Goodwill Ambassador for
20 years. His special interest is (What?). (What? ).
He goes to Africa every year, and he visits
(Where?). He has raised $25 million from
people in France. As a Goodwill Ambassador he is
paid (How much?)
His father was a famous politician. Henri went to
university in (Where?), and studied
philosophy. He then worked as a journalist before
writing his first book in (When?).
He is married, and has two children. They are both
at university, studying (What?).
152 Pairwork activities

UNIT 6 p52
VOCABULARY
Talking about you
1 Work with a partner. List the following information.
• the name of a restaurant where you had a memorable meal
• the name of a city that you have visited and that you would like to visit again
• the name of a relative, friend, or colleague who is important to you
Choose names of people and places that your partner does not know.
Where was the restaurant?
2 Exchange lists with your partner. Ask and answer questions

to find out about the places and people your partner listed. What was the food like?
3 Report back to the class about one of the names your partner wrote.
UNIT 7 p58
Roleplay
Student A
You are a journalist. Interview your partner about
his/her dream job from exercise 1 on p58. Ask these
questions.
• What do you do?
• How did you get the job?
• What do you like most about it?
• What’s an average day like?
• Have you made any sacrifices to do this job?
• What would you like to do next?
• What advice would you give to someone who wanted to
do your job?
Student B
You have your dream job from exercise 1 on p58.
Your partner is a journalist. Answer his/her questions.
2 Change roles.

UNIT 11 p87
PRACTICE
Finding out about Zinedine Zidane
Student A
Ask and answer questions to complete the information about
Zinedine Zidane.
When was Zinedine Zidane born?
On 23rd June 1972. How many

brothers and sisters did he have?
Four. What did ...?
Zinedine
Zidane
Zinedine Zidane’s parents were from Algeria, but moved to
Marseilles, France, where Zinedine was born on
(When?). He had four brothers and sisters and was the youngest in the
family.
His father (What / job? ). The family’s apartment
was very small, and they couldn’t all sit down to eat at the same time.
Zinedine first played football (Where?) as a small
boy. His passion soon became his career, and he got his first player’s
licence for a local club when he was ten years old.
He first played for (Which club? ), then moved to
Bordeaux and Juventus, and finished his career at Real Madrid.
He has also played for the French national team. The 1998 World
Cup final was held in (Where? ), and Zidane scored
twice in France’s 3-0 victory over Brazil.
Zidane retired in (When?) but has continued to
work for the Real Madrid team. David Beckham has described him as
“the greatest of all time.”
In 2010, he was an ambassador for (Which
country? ) in their 2022 World Cup bid, and said about the result, “this
is a victory for the Arab world and the Middle East.”
He is married and has four sons – they are all members of the Real
Madrid Football Academy!

PRACTICE PRACTICE
Finding out about Zinedine Zidane Conversations
Student B 1 Work with a partner. Choose one of the
Ask and answer questions to complete the information about conversations below and add question tags.
Zinedine Zidane. 1 A You broke that vase.
B Yes, I did. I dropped it. I’m sorry.
When was Zinedine Zidane born? A You’ll replace it.
B Yes, of course I will. How much did
On 23rd June 1972. How many it cost?
brothers and sisters did he have? A £300.
Four. What did ...? B £300?! It wasn’t that much.
A Yes, it was.
2 A Have you paid the electricity bill yet?
B No, you paid it.
A No, I haven’t paid it. I thought you
Zinedine paid it.

B Me? But you always pay it.
A No, I don’t. I always pay the phone
Zidane
bill.
B Oh, yes, sorry.
3 A We’re going to be so late.
B Erm, I think so.
A Our table was booked for eight.
B Well …
A And it’s five past eight now.
Zinedine Zidane’s parents were from Algeria, but moved to B Yes, but they’ll hold it until 8.15.
Marseilles, France, where Zinedine was born on 23rd June 1972. He had A Yes, I hope so.
brothers and sisters (How many?) and was the 4 A Helen didn’t win the competition.
youngest in the family. B Yes, she did. She won £2 million!
His father worked as a nightwatchman. The family’s apartment was A She isn’t going to give it all away.
(How big?), and they couldn’t all sit down to eat at the B As a matter of fact, she is.
same time. A Wow. Not many people would do
Zinedine first played football in the streets of Marseille as a small that.
boy. His passion soon became his career, and he got his first player’s B Well, I certainly wouldn’t.
licence for a local club when old (How old?). 5 A I think we’re lost. Let’s look at the
He first played for AS Cannes, then moved to Bordeaux and map.
Juventus, and finished his career at (Which club?). B Uh-oh.
He has also played for the French national team. The 1998 World A What do you mean, ‘Uh-oh’? You
Cup final was held in Paris, and Zidane scored _______________ didn’t forget to bring the map.
B Sorry.
(How many times?) in France’s 3-0 victory over Brazil.
A How are we going to get back to the
Zidane retired in 2006 but has continued to work for the Real campsite without a map?
Madrid team. (Who?) has described him as “the B Well, we could ask a police officer.
greatest of all time.” A There aren’t many police officers on
In 2010, he was an ambassador for Qatar in their 2022 World Cup this mountain!
bid, and said about the result, “ .” (What?)
He is married and has four sons – they are all members of the Real 2 Act out your conversation for the class.
Madrid Football Academy!

Irregular verbs
Base form Past Simple Past participle Base form Past Simple Past participle
be was/were been leave left left
beat beat beaten lend lent lent
become became become let let let
begin began begun lie lay lain
bend bent bent light lighted/lit lighted/lit
bite bit bitten lose lost lost
blow blew blown make made made
break broke broken mean meant meant
bring brought brought meet met met
build built built must had to had to
buy bought bought pay paid paid
can could been able put put put
catch caught caught read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/
choose chose chosen ride rode ridden
come came come ring rang rung
cost cost cost rise rose risen
cut cut cut run ran run
dig dug dug say said said
do did done see saw seen
draw drew drawn sell sold sold
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt send sent sent
drink drank drunk set set set
drive drove driven shake shook shaken
eat ate eaten shine shone shone
fall fell fallen shoot shot shot
feed fed fed show showed shown
feel felt felt shut shut shut
fight fought fought sink sank sunk
find found found sit sat sat
fit fit fit sleep slept slept
fly flew flown slide slid slid
forget forgot forgotten speak spoke spoken
forgive forgave forgiven spend spent spent
freeze froze frozen spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt
get got got spread spread spread
give gave given stand stood stood
go went been/gone steal stole stolen
grow grew grown stick stuck stuck
hang hanged/hung hanged/hung swim swam swum
have had had take took taken
hear heard heard teach taught taught
hide hid hidden tear tore torn
hit hit hit tell told told
hold held held think thought thought
hurt hurt hurt throw threw thrown
keep kept kept understand understood understood
kneel knelt knelt wake woke woken
know knew known wear wore worn
lay laid laid win won won
lead led led write wrote written
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
Irregular verbs 157

Verb patterns
Verbs + -ing Verbs + sb + to + infinitive Verbs + -ing or to + infinitive
(with little or no change in meaning)
adore advise
can’t stand allow begin
doing
don’t mind ask continue
swimming
enjoy beg hate
cooking doing
finish encourage like
to do
look forward to expect love
me
help to do prefer
him
Note invite to go start
them
We often use the verb go + -ing for sports and need to come
someone
activities. order
I go swimming every day. remind
I go shopping on weekends. tell Verbs + -ing or to + infinitive
want (with a change in meaning)
warn
Verbs + to + infinitive remember
would like doing
stop
agree to do
try
choose Note
dare Help can be used without to.
Notes
decide I helped him do the dishes.
expect 1 I remember posting the letter.
forget (= I have a memory now of a past
Verbs + sb + infinitive (no to) action: posting the letter.)
help
hope help I remembered to post the letter.
her
learn let do (= I reminded myself to post the letter.
to do us
manage make I didn’t forget.)
to come
need 2 I stopped drinking coffee.
to cook
offer Notes (= I gave up the habit.)
promise 1 To is used with make in the passive. I stopped to drink a coffee.
refuse We were made to work hard. (= I stopped doing something else in
seem
2 Let cannot be used in the passive. Allowed order to have a cup of coffee.)
want
to is used instead. 3 I tried to sleep.
would hate
She was allowed to leave. (= I wanted to sleep, but it was
would like
would love difficult.)
would prefer I tried counting sheep and drinking a glass
of warm milk.
Notes (= These were possible ways of getting
1 Help and dare can be used without to. to sleep.)
We helped clean up the kitchen.
They didn’t dare disagree with him.
2 Have to for obligation.
I have to wear a uniform.
3 Used to for past habits.
I used to play golf, but I quit last year.
158 Verb patterns

Phonetic symbols
Consonants Vowels
1 /p/ as in pen /pen/ 25 /i:/ as in see /si:/
2 /b/ as in big /bɪg/ 26 /ɪ/ as in his /hɪz/
3 /t/ as in tea /ti:/ 27 /i/ as in twenty /ˈtwenti/
4 /d/ as in do /du:/ 28 /e/ as in ten /ten/
5 /k/ as in cat /kæt/ 29 /æ/ as in stamp /stæmp/
6 /g/ as in go /gəʊ/ 30 /ɑ:/ as in father /ˈfɑ:ðə/
7 /f/ as in four /fɔ:/ 31 /ɒ/ as in hot /hɒt/
8 /v/ as in very /ˈveri/ 32 /ɔ:/ as in morning /ˈmɔ:nɪŋ/
9 /s/ as in son /sʌn/ 33 /ʊ/ as in football /ˈfʊtbɔ:l/
10 /z/ as in zoo /zu:/ 34 /u:/ as in you /ju:/
11 /l/ as in live /lɪv/ 35 /ʌ/ as in sun /sʌn/
12 /m/ as in my /maɪ/ 36 /ɜ:/ as in learn /lɜ:n/
13 /n/ as in near /nɪə/ 37 /ə/ as in letter /ˈletə/
14 /h / as in happy /ˈhæpi/
15 /r/ as in red /red/
16 /j/ as in yes /jes/ Diphthongs (two vowels together)
17 /w/ as in want /wɒnt/ 38 /eɪ/ as in name /neɪm /
18 /θ/ as in thanks /θæŋks/ 39 /əʊ/ as in no /nəʊ/
19 /ð/ as in the /ðə/ 40 /aɪ / as in my /maɪ /
20 /ʃ/ as in she /ʃi:/ 41 /aʊ/ as in how /haʊ/
21 /ʒ / as in television /ˈtelɪvɪʒn/ 42 /ɔɪ/ as in boy /bɔɪ/
22 /tʃ/ as in child /tʃaɪld/ 43 /ɪə/ as in hear /hɪə/
23 /dʒ / as in German /ˈdʒɜ:mən/ 44 /eə/ as in where /weə/
24 /ŋ/ as in English /ˈɪŋglɪʃ/ 45 /ʊə/ as in tour /tʊə/
Phonetic symbols 159

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Special Edition

Liz and John Soars

Present tenses Positive and negative Making small talk

3 Telling tales Past tenses Spelling and pronunciation Giving opinions

Stop and Check 1 Teacher’s Book

5 On the move Future forms The weather Travelling around

Stop and Check 2 Teacher’s Book

Conditionals Base and strong adjectives Making suggestions

Modal verbs (2) – probability Character adjectives Agreeing and disagreeing

Stop and Check 3 Teacher’s Book

Indirect questions Verbs and nouns that go Informal English

Reported speech Ways of speaking You know what they

Stop and Check 4 Teacher’s Book

Tapescripts p120 Grammar Reference p134 Pairwork activities p151

Irregular verbs p157 Verb patterns p158 Phonetic symbols p159

2 Ask and answer the questions with

In Al Kharj, a 1 When did the modern 5 What doesn’t a

3 Tell the class about your partner. 2

6 Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world!

Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world! 7

1 T 1.5 Listen to the breakfast

2 T 1.6 Listen to a similar conversation.

8 Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world!

T 1.8 Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.

1 Have you got a computer at home?

Where was Henri Bernard born?

In Lyon, France. How many books has he written?

Over forty. How long...?

Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world! 9

Reading and speaking

1 Match each topic in A with two items in B.

2 Read the text about the wonders

Talking about you 2

10 Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world!

Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world! 11

Parts of speech and meaning

12 Unit 1 . It’s a wonderful world!

WRITING: Correcting mistakes (1)

MY FAVOURITE DAY OF THE WEEK

2 T 2.1 Listen to some people talking about their

14 Unit 2 . The working week

3 Adverbs of frequency (always, never) answer the question

1 T 2.4 Listen to two people talking about who’s who in

4 Work with a partner. Read the conversation aloud.

3 The average worker pays / is paid

1 What do you do when you aren’t working?

4 Complete the diagram about cooking with

6 T 2.7 Listen to John talking about his

20 Unit 2 . The working week

Decimals and percentages

T 2.9 Listen and practise.

22 Unit 3 . Telling tales

The Tale of Two Brothers

Unit 3 . Telling tales 23

2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions about what

Had you heard it before?

T 3.4 Listen and check, then listen and repeat.

No, I hadn’t. I just didn’t think

24 Unit 3 . Telling tales

Words that sound the same

3 T 3.9 Listen to four friends chatting about books.

28 Unit 3 . Telling tales

1 What do the underlined words refer to in these sentences?

I went to an Indian restaurant.

I met Fahad’s brother.

Unit 3 . Telling tales 29

3 Adverbs of frequency (always, never) answer the question

3 The average worker pays / is paid