OBJECTIVES

DESCRIBE INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE,

CO-DOMINANCE, AND MULTIPLE ALLELES,

Describe polygenic traits and

epistasis,

explain sex linkage and recombination,

and

Describe sex-linked, sex-influenced,

and sex-determined traits.
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
A FORM OF INTERMEDIATE INHERITANCE
IN WHICH ONE ALLELE FOR A SPECIFIC
TRAIT IS NOT COMPLETELY EXPRESSED
OVER ITS PAIRED ALLELE

UNLIKE COMPLETE DOMINANCE

INHERITANCE, ONE ALLELE DOES
NOT DOMINATE OR MASK THE OTHER

A FORM OF DOMINANCE OCCURING IN HETEROZYGOTES

IN WHICH THE DOMINANT ALLELE IS ONLY PARTIALLY
EXPRESSED, AND USUALLY RESULTING IN AN OFFSPRING
WITH AN INTERMEDIATE PHENOTYPE
Snapdragon,
ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS
Snapdragon,
ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS
Co-dominance
BOTH ALLELES ARE SIMULTANEOUSLY
EXPRESSED IN THE HETEROZYGOTE

BLENDING OF TRAITS, IN CO-DOMINANCE AN

ADDITIONAL PHENOTYPE IS PRODUCED AND
BOTH ALLELES ARE EXPRESSED COMPLETELY

A FORM OF DOMINANCE IN WHICH THE ALLELES OF A

GENE PAIR IN A HETEROZYGOTE ARE FULLY EXPRESSED
THEREBY RESULTING IN OFFSPRING WITH A PHENOTYPE
THAT IS NEITHER DOMINANT NOR RECESSIVE
ROAN CATTLE
RED WHITE

ROAN
MULTIPLE
ALLELES
A NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE PATTERN
INVOLVES MORE THAN
TWO ALLELES
abo blood types

Ia BLOOD TYPE A

Ib BLOOD TYPE B

IO BLOOD TYPE O
 I
A I
B I
o

I
A II
A A II
A B II
A o

I
B II
A B II
B B II
B o

I
o II
A o II
B o II
o o
• Blood Type A = IAIA - Homozygous
= IAIo – Heterozygous
• Blood Type B = IBIB - Homozygous
= IBIo – Heterozygous
• Blood Type AB= IAIB - Homozygous
• Blood Type O = IOIO - Homozygous
c c c
POLYGENIC polygenes
TRAITS

OCCURS WHEN A TRAIT IS REFERS TO A GROUP OF

CONTROLLED BY TWO OR GENES THAT WHEN EXPRESSED
MORE GENES TOGETHER PRODUCE A
PARTICULAR PHENOTYPE
OR TRAIT
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
epistasis
ONE GENE DEPENDS ON ANOTHER
GENE TO BE EXPRESSED
LABRADOR RETRIEVERS

BLACK

WHITE
BROWN
• Dominant “B” = BLACK
• Dominant “E” = BLACK/BROWN
• “bb” = BROWN
• “ee” = YELLOW
c c c
 GENE LINKAGE

THE TENDENCY OF GENES TO BE INHERITED

TOGETHER DEPENDING ON THEIR DISTANCE
BETWEEN EACH OTHER IN A CHROMOSOME
 RECOMBINATION

THE SHUFFLING OF THE ALLELES FROM

DIFFERENT PARENTS DURING MEIOSIS
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
 IT HAS 3 CATEGORIES :

Sex linkage

A GENETIC EXPRESSION AND

INHERITANCE PATTERNS THAT
DIFFER BETWEEN MALES AND
FEMALES; GENES LOCATED ON
THE SEX CHROMOSOMES
sex-linked inheritance

THESE ARE TRAITS THAT ARE EITHER

X OR Y-CHROMOSOME-DEPENDENT

HIGHER RISK POSED ON MALES

GETTING RARE AND RECESSIVE
X-LINKED DISORDERS SINCE
THEY ARE HEMIZYGOUS
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
SEX-INFLUENCED inheritance

A PHENOMENON IN WHICH AN ALLELE

IS DOMINANT IN ONE SEX BUT RECESSIVE
IN THE OPPOSITE SEX

SEX-INFLUENCED TRAITS ARE AUTOSOMAL

EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
Sex-limited inheritance
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
THANK YOU for participating
GROUP III