Name: __________________________________________ Group Number: _______

Course and Major: _________________________________ Date: ______________

Activity Number _____
Extracting DNA from Banana

I. Overview
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores information for the synthesis of specific
proteins. DNA has deoxyribose as its sugar. DNA consists of a phosphate
group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The structure of DNA is a helical,
double-stranded macromolecule with bases projecting into the interior of the
molecule. These two strands are always complementary in sequence.

II. Objectives
 Extract DNA from banana using things that can be found at home.
 Identify the essence of DNA on organisms’ life.

III. Materials
 Banana  Dish soap
 Zip Bag  Graduated Cylinder
 Beaker  Funnel
 Hot water  Coffee filter
 Salt  91% isopropyl alcohol

IV. Procedure
1. Smash banana inside a zip bag in a minute or two until it has been in a
liquid like state.
2. Dissolve 1 teaspoon salt with ½ cup hot water in the beaker.
3. Combine the solution of salt with the smashed banana and gently smash
the banana again to make the water with salt mix.
4. And add ½ teaspoon dish soap with the mixture and gently tap the zip bag
to avoid the formation of bubbles and set the mixture aside.
5. Prepare the graduated cylinder, funnel and coffee filter that will screen the
banana mixture and don’t let the big substances enter the cylinder.
6. Slowly filter the banana mixture until all of the combination was on the
graduated cylinder.
7. Add at least 1 to 2 inch of isopropyl alcohol in the mixture. Let it slide on the
side of the graduated cylinder.
8. Observe the separation of DNA of banana going to the alcohol. Wait for a
certain time for the separation of DNA.
V. Data and Observation
Before After

VI. Analysis
1. Why do you think the DNA separated from the mixture?
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2. Does DNA come in cluster or individually?
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3. What is the importance of DNA in the life of an organism?
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VII. Conclusion
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Name: __________________________________________ Group Number: _______
Course and Major: _________________________________ Date: ______________
Activity Number _____
The Normal Flora of the Human Body
I. Overview
Normal Flora is the mixture of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that are
regularly found at any site of the human body. The normal flora influences the anatomy,
physiology, susceptibility to pathogens, and morbidity of the host. The human body
contains normal flora. The normal flora benefits humans from certain environmental
conditions. Almost every part of human body is occupied by normal flora. Some of the
most important types of bacteria that are more beneficial than other types of bacteria
include Candida, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.
II. Objectives
 Identify the five normal floras of the human body
 Differentiate the function and illustration of the normal floras.
 Appreciate the significance of the normal flora of the human body.
III. Materials
 Pen
 Paper
 Drawing materials
IV. Procedure
1. Write the definition of each given normal flora and provide the parts of each
flora.
2. Answer the questions regarding the normal flora of the human body.
V. Data and Observation
Skin Flora
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 Oral and Upper Respiratory Tract Flora
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Gastrointestinal Flora
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Conjunctival Flora (Eyes)

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(Draw the eyes)
VI. Analysis
1. What are the significance of the normal Flora in the human body function?
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 2. If there is no normal flora present in the human body, will life be possible on
Earth?
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3. Do you think, all of the bacteria and fungi present in the normal flora good
or harmful? Explain.
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VII. Conclusion
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