Activity 4

Elementary Dipole

ANALYSIS & CONCLUSION

Elementary dipole is the simplest form of antenna. Optimum length is λ / 2. If

mounted into ground (vertical), length is reduced to λ/4. The dipole is any one of a
class of antennas producing a radiation pattern approximating that of an elementary
electric dipole with a radiating structure supporting a line current so energized that the
current has only one node at each end. A dipole antenna commonly consists of two
identical conductive elements such as metal wires or rods. The driving current from
the transmitter is applied, or for receiving antennas the output signal to the receiver is
taken, between the two halves of the antenna. Each side of the feedline to the
transmitter or receiver is connected to one of the conductors. This contrasts with
a monopole antenna, which consists of a single rod or conductor with one side of the
feedline connected to it, and the other side connected to some type of ground. A
common example of a dipole is the "rabbit ears" television antenna found on broadcast
television sets.

The researchers were able to set up the given figure on the laboratory manual.
We were able to determine its maximum current that was transmitted using the
receiver. The maximum received current of the receiver by setting the elementary
dipole parallel with the receiver is 10µA with signal attenuation at 75%. But since this
experiment includes varying the power through the Antenna Trainer DL 2595, we were
not able to generate a graph varying it’s power and its received current due to
equipment cannot be varied.

Sources:

1. Basu, Dipak (2010). Dictionary of Pure and Applied Physics (2nd ed.). CRC Press.
p. 21. ISBN 1420050222.
2. ^ Bodnar, Donald (1993). ANSI/IEEE Std 145-1993 IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms for
Antennas. New York, NY: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. p. 10. 2.102
dipole antenna. Any one of a class of antennas producing a radiation pattern approximating that of
an elementary electric dipole. Syn: doublet antenna.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b "Dipole Antenna / Aerial tutorial". Resources. Radio-Electronics.com. Adrio
Communications, Ltd. 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
4. ^ Rouse, Margaret (2003). "Dipole Antenna". Online IT Encyclopedia. whatis.techtarget.com.
Retrieved 29 April 2013.
 Activity 5
The Folded Dipole

ANALYSIS & CONCLUSION

A folded dipole is an antenna, with two conductors connected on both sides,

and folded to form a cylindrical closed shape, to which feed is given at the center. The
length of the dipole is half of the wavelength. Hence, it is called as half wave folded
dipole antenna. The range of frequency in which half wave folded dipole operates is
around 3KHz to 300GHz. This is mostly used in television receivers. Some of its
advantages includes: Reception of balanced signals, receives a particular signal from
a band of frequencies without losing the quality, a folded dipole maximizes the signal
strength. Some of its applications includes: used as a feeder element in Yagi antenna,
Parabolic antenna, turnstile antenna, log periodic antenna, phased and reflector
arrays, etc., generally used in radio receivers, most commonly used in TV receiver
antennas.

The researchers were able to set up the given figure on the laboratory manual.
We were able to determine its maximum current that was transmitted using the
receiver. The maximum received current of the receiver by setting the folded dipole
parallel with the receiver is 13 µA with signal attenuation at 75%. But since this
experiment includes varying the power through the Antenna Trainer DL 2595, we were
not able to generate a graph varying it’s power and its received current due to
equipment cannot be varied.

Sources:
1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/antenna_theory/antenna_theory_half_wave_folded_dipole
 Activity 6
The Yagi Antenna

ANALYSIS & CONCLUSION

A typical Yagi antenna has one element behind the dipole. This element is
called a reflector. The reflector is slightly longer than 1/2 wavelength. The elements
in front of the dipole are called director. A typical Yagi antenna has more than one of
them. The first director is slightly shorter than 1/2 wavelength. Each following director
is slightly shorter than the one behind it. The "reflector" and "director" elements
increase the strength and narrow the antenna beam in the direction in front of the
antenna. The more directors the Yagi has, the more forward antenna gain the
antenna has. The practical gain of a Yagi is 6 to 20 dBi, depending on the number of
elements. As a consequence of its ability to provide antenna gain in a specific
direction, the Yagi antenna has a narrow frequency range. Typically the bandwidth is
about 10% from the operating frequency. This means that at a operating frequency
of 400 MHz, the bandwidth is from 380 - 420 MHz. Yagi antennas can be used in the
frequency range from about 3 - 3000 MHz, with the best operating range below about
1500 MHz.

The researchers were able to set up the given figure on the laboratory manual.
We were able to determine its maximum current that was transmitted using the
receiver. The maximum received current of the receiver by setting the folded dipole
parallel with the receiver is 40 µA with signal attenuation at 50%. But since this
experiment includes varying the power through the Antenna Trainer DL 2595, we were
not able to generate a graph varying it’s power and its received current due to
equipment cannot be varied.

Sources:
1. https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/dipole-antenna/folded-dipole.php