1

Nova Scotia Department of

Education

Public School Programs Update:

High School Mathematics
2006–2007
 October 2005

2 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005

Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 3
Public School Programs 2005–
2006 Update

Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 1

High School
Mathematics
In planning their classroom activities,
teachers should introduce ideas early
and extend students’ learning through
periodic reviews that consider these
ideas in greater depth.
Two mathematics courses have been
implemented at the grade 10 level:
Mathematics Foundations 10, a
graduation credit, and Mathematics
10, an academic credit. Mathematics
Essentials 10, a graduation credit, will
be available to all schools starting in
February 2006.

· refine and extend methods of

mathematical problem solving
· include problem-solving
approaches to investigate and
understand mathematical content
· develop concepts through the
interplay among the five
representations: concrete, pictorial,
verbal, symbolic, and contextual
· use mental math and estimation
strategies on a daily basis
· apply the process of
mathematical modelling to real-
world situations
· continue to develop language and
symbolism to communicate
mathematical ideas
· include numerous and varied
experiences that reinforce and
extend logical reasoning
· test conjectures and express
generalizations discovered through
investigations
· investigate the connections and
interplay among various
mathematical topics and their
applications

Students and teachers should use

appropriate technology as a tool in
computation and problem solving and
as a means of developing concepts or
enhancing the teaching/learning
process.

Grade 10

2 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005

velopmental time; focus on
curriculum outcomes at the academic
oblem-solving strategies; acquire or
level, but additional outcomes as well.
nsolidate the skills required for
Students choosing advanced courses
ccess in academic mathematics;
must have demonstrated
d/or extend their knowledge to a
mathematical ability, a work ethic, an
eper understanding.
interest in going further and deeper
into mathematical concepts, and the
r example, while connecting factors,
ability to work independently.
ots, and zeros of quadratic
Students working in advanced courses
pressions and functions, students
will typically have been very
ve more time to review their
successful in prior mathematics
lynomial operations learned in
courses and will remain successful
evious grades.
because of their level of
understanding of previous
rades 11 and 12 experiences, their willingness and
ability to work in the abstract, and
ade 11 mathematics courses are as their work ethic. Extensions in their
lows: study should include:
athematics Foundations 11, a · more challenging open-
aduation credit; Mathematics 11, an ended problem solving where
ademic credit; and Advanced solutions can be taken beyond the
athematics 11, an advanced credit. expected to a higher level of
February 2007 Mathematics awareness and abstraction
sentials 11, a graduation-level · more problems that combine
edit, will also be available to all more concepts, bring together more
hools. skills and procedures into one
context
ade 12 mathematics courses are as
lows: · greater facility with and
more need for algebraic
athematics Foundations 12, a
manipulation
aduation credit; Mathematics 12, an
ademic credit; and Advanced · more opportunity to make
athematics 12, an advanced credit. conjectures, followed by proof
· more experience dealing
o additional courses are available at with logic, and deductive reasoning
e grade 12 level for students who · more opportunity for reading
an to continue their studies in and independent research, for the
athematics beyond high school: Pre- purpose of obtaining more depth
alculus Mathematics 12, an and breadth, instilling a more
vanced credit, and Calculus 12, an positive attitude towards and
vanced credit. valuing of mathematics
students enter grade 11, some will
ntinue their studies working on For students who require
urses at the graduation level, individualized outcomes and who have
athematics Foundations 11 and had Individualized Program Plans
athematics Foundations 12. Students (IPPs) developed specifically to meet
ming from Mathematics 10 will their strengths and needs, there are
ake a choice between academic and specific course codes which apply as
vanced courses. Students enrolled follows:
advanced will be expected to · Mathematics 11 IPP
hieve not only the specific (008109)

Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 3

 · Mathematics 11 IPP
(008193)
· Advanced Mathematics 11
IPP (008193)
· Advanced Mathematics 12
IPP (008108)
· Pre-Calculus Mathematics 12
IPP (008194)
The use of the course codes for
Mathematics 11 IPP or for
Mathematics 12 IPP indicated that a
student has an Individualized Program
Plan in which outcomes have been
deleted or the general curriculum
outcomes are being taught at a
significantly different specific
curriculum outcome level. See Special
Education Policy Manual and
Supporting Student Success: Resource
Programming and Services for
information on the individualized
program planning process.
The use of course codes for Advanced
Mathematics 11 IPP, Advanced
Mathematics 12 IPP, or Pre-Calculus
Mathematics 12 IPP indicates that a
student has an Individualized Program
Plan in which the individualized
outcomes developed extend the
course as a result of the student’s
exceptionally strong abilities in
Mathematics.
It is anticipated that in grades 11 and
12, 30–40% of students will enroll in
graduation-level courses, 40–55% of
students will enroll in academic-level
courses, and 15–20% of students will
enroll in advanced-level courses.
Mathematics Essentials 11
(graduation, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008191
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
Essentials 10
4 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
This course will be presented over 110
hours. The typical pathway for
students who successfully complete
Mathematics Essentials 10 is
Mathematics Essentials 11 (which will
be available as a PSP course option in
February 2007). These two courses will
provide successful students with two
mathematics credits as required for
graduation.
Students in Mathematics Essentials 11
will explore the following subject
areas:
Mental Math
· multiplication and division
facts
· adding and subtracting
common fractions associated with
measurement
· percent
Data Graphs
· interpreting graphs
· constructing graphs
· constructing and interpreting
graphs
Collecting and Organizing Data
· sampling techniques
· statistics in the media
· organizing and interpreting
data
Renting an Apartment
· availability of apartments
· renting an apartment
· rights and responsibilities of
landlords and tenants
· monthly apartment costs
Buying a Home
· looking for a home
· buying a home
· the costs of maintaining a
home
e
Household Budgets
· affordable housing
 · components of a household Students in Mathematics Foundations
budget 11 will explore the following subject
· monthly budget areas:
· changing one item in a
budget Making Choices—Linear
Programming
Investing Money · solving systems of linear
· types of investments equations using graphs and
· Registered Retirement algebraic methods
Savings Plans · finding constraints with
equations and graphs
Measurement and 2-D Design
· using linear programming to
· The Pythagorean Theorem
find the optimal solution to a
· calculating perimeter and
problem
area
· estimating
Independent Study
Measurement and 3-D Design · research, present, and learn
· rectangular prisms mathematics independently
· cylinders
· 3-D drawing Making Decisions in Consumer
· scale models Situations
· income, deductions, and
Borrowing Money taxes
· credit cards · budgets and financial
· delaying payments on credit planning
cards · costs of credit and
· short-term borrowing transportation
· repaying loans · simple and compound
interest
Taking a Trip · developing and applying
· planning a car trip decision-making charts
· other modes of travel
· reading schedules Statistics
· travelling around · sampling, bias, variability
· exploring distributions
Mathematics in the Content Areas · displaying and interpreting
· Science data
· Social Studies · using normal curve, mean,
and standard deviation
Mathematics Foundations 11
(graduation, 1 credit) Trigonometry
Course Code: 008011 · applying laws of sines and
cosines
Prerequisite: · exploring areas of triangles
Successful completion of Mathematics
Foundations 10 or Mathematics 10 Mathematics 11
(academic, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008067

Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 5


Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
10
Note: In exceptional cases, those who
have demonstrated very good to
outstanding performance in relation to
the curriculum outcomes prescribed
for Mathematics Foundations 10, have
demonstrated initiative and
willingness to complete required
independent study to address some
Mathematics 10 outcomes, and are
recommended by the school principal
and/or teacher, may enroll in
Mathematics 11.
Students in Mathematics 11 will
explore the following subject areas:
The Algebra of 3-Space
· visualize planes in three
dimensions
· solving systems of equations
· relating the algebra and
geometry
· exploring properties of
matrices
· using matrices to solve
systems
· system applications
Independent Study
· research, present, and learn
mathematics independently
Trigonometry
· periodic, sinusoidal functions
· graphs of trigonometric
functions and transformations
· exploring the unit circle and
special rotations and relationships
· solving trigonometric
equations
· discovering and using
identities
6 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
· area formulas, law of sines
and cosines
Statistics
· descriptive statistics
· inferential statistics
· sampling distributions
Advanced Mathematics 11
(advanced, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008145
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
10 and outstanding performance in
relation to the curriculum outcomes
prescribed for Mathematics 10
Students in Advanced Mathematics 11
will explore the following subject
areas:
The Algebra of 3-Space
· visualize planes and three
dimensions
· finding equations of planes
in 3-space
· solving systems of equations
· relating systems of
equations
· relating the algebra and
geometry
· exploring and deriving
properties of matrices
· using matrices to solve
systems
· system applications
Independent Study
· research, present, and learn
mathematics independently
Trigonometry
· periodic, sinusoidal functions
· graphs of trigonometric
functions and transformations
· exploring the unit circle and
special rotations and relationships
 · solving trigonometric · applying exponential
equations relationships (compound interest)
· discovering and using · some properties of
identities exponents
· exploring radian measure
relationships Circle Geometry
· sinusoidal regression · synthetic approach
· deriving and applying area · properties and relationship
formulas, law of sines and cosines theorems
· distance and midpoint
Statistics · informal proof
· descriptive statistics · inductive and deductive
· inferential statistics reasoning
· sampling distributions
· binomial experiments Probability
· fundamental principle of
Mathematics Foundations 12 counting
(graduation, 1 credit) · tree and area diagrams
Course Code: 008013 · simulations
· distinguish between
Prerequisite:
· permutations and combinations
Successful completion of Mathematics
Foundations 10 or Mathematics 10 · understand factorial notation
Recommended Prerequisite: · combine permutations and
Successful completion of Mathematics probability
Foundations 11 or Mathematics 11
Mathematics 12
Students in Mathematics Foundations (academic, 1 credit)
12 will explore the following subject Course Code: 008073
areas:
Prerequisite:
Sequences (Patterning) Successful completion of Mathematics
· explore and develop 10
understanding for three kinds of Recommended Prerequisite:
sequences—arithmetic, power and Successful completion of Mathematics
geometric 11

Quadratics Students in Mathematics 12 will

explore the following subject areas:
· explore the pattern and
properties
Quadratics
· explore the graphs
· quadratics as a power
· solving the quadratic in sequence
applications
· modeling and exploring
patterns
Exponential Growth
· determining the equation
· explore the pattern and
properties · exploring the graphs
· explore the graphs · developing the quadratic
formula

Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 7

 · solving for, and exploring,
the roots
Rate of Change (optional)
· developing the concept
· average rate of change
· connect to quadratic
· slope of the tangent line
· instantaneous rate of change
· estimate and calculate slopes at
different points on the curve
Exponential Growth
· modeling and patterns
· recursiveness
· properties and
characteristics
· explore graphs
· instantaneous rate of change
· transformations (advanced)
· solve
· exponentials/log
relationships
· properties of logs
Circle Geometry
· apply properties of circles
· distance and midpoint
· proof
· properties and relationship
theorems
· algebra of the circle and
ellipse (optional)
· apply transformations
(optional)
Probability
· fundamental principle of
counting
· tree and area diagrams
· conditional probabilities
· simulations
· distinguish between
permutations and combinations
· understand factorial
notation
8 Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
· combine permutations,
combinations and probability
· Pascal’s Triangle and
combinations (optional)
Advanced Mathematics 12
(advanced, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008015
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
10 and demonstrated outstanding
performance in relation to the
curriculum outcomes prescribed by
Mathematics 10
Recommended Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Advanced
Mathematics 11
Students in Advanced Mathematics 12
will explore the following subject
areas:
Quadratics
· quadratics as a power
sequence
· modeling and exploring
patterns
· determining the equation
· exploring the graphs
· developing the quadratic
formula
· solving for the roots
· exploring the nature of the
roots
Rate of Change (optional)
· developing the concept
· average rate of change
· connect to quadratic
· slope of the tangent line
· instantaneous rate of change
· estimate and calculate
slopes at different points on the
curve
Exponential Growth
· modeling and patterns
 · recursiveness outstanding performance in relation to
· properties and the curriculum outcomes prescribed
characteristics for Mathematics 11 and Mathematics
12
· explore graphs
· instantaneous rate of change Students in Pre-Calculus Mathematics
· transformations (advanced) 12 will explore the following subject
· solve areas:
· exponential/log relationships
· properties of logs Sequences and Series
· recursive relations
Circle of Geometry · series and sequence
· inductive to deductive notation
· distance and midpoint · developing and applying
· proof algorithms and formulas for series
· properties and relationship and sequences
theorems · concept of a limit
· algebra of the circle and ellipse · convergence and divergence
· apply transformations applications of limits to series, area
under the curve, and rate of change
Probability · proof by mathematical
· fundamental principle of induction
counting
Developing and Applying the
· tree and area diagrams
Function Toolkit
· conditional probabilities · combinations and
· simulations compositions of functions
· distinguish between · polynomial equations and
permutations and combinations inequalities – patterns and graphs
· understand factorial notation · slopes and rate of change
· combine permutations, · rate of change in terms of
combinations and probability limits
· Pascal’s Triangle and · the derivative
combinations · graphs of slope functions
· roots of polynomial equations
· binomial expansion and
· solving polynomial inequations
distributions
· max/min, critical values for
sketching
Pre-Calculus Mathematics 12
· developing the power rule
(advanced, 1 credit)
· modeling the polynomial
Course Code: 008156
functions
· modeling and examining
Prerequisite:
rational functions
Successful completion of Advanced
· solving rational equations and
Mathematics 11 and Advanced
operating on rational expressions
Mathematics 12
· exploring irrational and
OR
absolute value functions
Successful completion of Mathematics
· continuity, limits, and
11 and Mathematics 12 and
piecewise functions
demonstrated very good to

Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 9

 · modeling with
exponential/logarithmic functions
· developing “e” and “In”
Trigonometry
· using radians with sine and
cosine
· tangent function
· reciprocal trigonometric
functions
· developing and applying the
general rotational matrix
· trigonometric identities and
equations
· inverse trigonometric
relations
Complex Numbers
· complex numbers –
rectangular form
· operations and graphs with
complex numbers
· polar co-ordinated
· rectangular to polar form
· develop and apply
DeMoivre’s Theorem with respect to
powers
alculus 12
(advanced, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008190
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Pre-Calculus
Mathematics 12
Students in Calculus 12 will explore
the following subject areas:
Limits and Continuity
· rates of change and limits
· continuity
· rates of change and
tangent lines
Derivatives
· derivative of a function
· differentiability
10
· rules for differentiation
· velocity and other rates of
change
· derivative of trigonometric
functions
· chain rule
· implicit differentiation
· derivatives of exponential
and logarithmic functions
Applications of Derivatives
· extreme values of functions
· mean value theorem
· connecting f’ and f” with the
graph of f
· modeling and optimization
· linearization and Newton’s
method
· related rates
The Definite Integral
· estimating with finite sums
· definite integrals
· definite integrals and
antiderivatives
· fundamental theorem of
calculus
· trapezoidal rule
Differential Equations and
Mathematical Modeling
· antiderivatives and slope
fields (omit slope fields)
· integration by substitution
· integration by parts
· exponential growth and
decay
· population growth
·
Application of Definite Integrals
· integral as a net change
· areas in the plane
· volumes
· lengths of curves
· applications from science
and statistics
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
L’Hôpital’s Rule Successful completion of
· l’Hôpital’s rule Mathematics: Grade 9 and
recommendation from the
Course Codes and Mathematics: Grade 9 teacher
Prerequisite Summary
Mathematics Essentials 11
(graduation, 1 credit)
Mathematics Essentials 10
Course Code: 008191
(graduation, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008189
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
Prerequisite:
Essentials 10
Successful completion of
Mathematics: Grade 8 and
Mathematics Foundations 11
recommendation from the
(graduation, 1 credit)
Mathematics: Grade 9 teacher
Course Code: 008011
Mathematics Foundations 10
Prerequisite:
(graduation, 1 credit)
Successful completion of Mathematics
Course Code: 008009
Foundations 10 or Mathematics 10
Prerequisite:
Mathematics 11
Successful completion of
(academic, 1 credit)
Mathematics: Grade 9
Course Code: 008067
Mathematics Foundations 10 Plus
Prerequisite:
(graduation, 2 credits)
Successful completion of Mathematics
Course Code: 008158
10
Prerequisite:
Note: In exceptional cases, those who
Successful completion of
have demonstrated very good to
Mathematics: Grade 9
outstanding performance in relation to
the curriculum outcomes prescribed
Mathematics 10
for Mathematics Foundations 10, have
(academic, 1 credit)
demonstrated initiative and
Course Code: 008008
willingness to complete required
independent study to address some
Prerequisite:
Mathematics 10 outcomes, and are
Successful completion of
recommended by the school principal
Mathematics: Grade 9 and
and/or teacher, may enroll in
demonstrated good to excellent
Mathematics 11.
performance in relation to the
curriculum outcomes prescribed for
Mathematics: Grade 9
Advanced Mathematics 11
(advanced, 1 credit)
Mathematics 10 Plus(academic, 2
Course Code:008145
credits)
Course Code: 008157
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
Prerequisite:
10 and demonstrated outstanding
performance in relation to the

Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 11

curriculum outcomes prescribed for
Mathematics 10
Mathematics Foundations 12
(graduation, 1 credit)
Course Code:008013
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
Foundations 10 or Mathematics 10
Recommended Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
Foundations 11 or Mathematics 11
Mathematics 12
(academic, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008073
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
10
Recommended Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
11
Advanced Mathematics 12
(advanced, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008015
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Mathematics
10 and demonstrated performance in
relation to the curriculum outcomes
prescribed for Mathematics 10
Recommended Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Advanced
Mathematics 11
Pre-Calculus Mathematics 12
(advanced, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008156
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Advanced
Mathematics 11 and Advanced
Mathematics 12
OR
Successful completion of Mathematics
11 and Mathematics 12 and have
12
demonstrated very good to
outstanding performance in relation to
the curriculum outcomes prescribed
for Mathematics 11 and Mathematics
12
Calculus 12
(advanced, 1 credit)
Course Code: 008190
Prerequisite:
Successful completion of Pre-Calculus
Mathematics 12
Curriculum Documents
Foundation for the Atlantic Canada
Mathematics Curriculum (1996)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
Curriculum
Grades Primary–3 (1998)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
Curriculum
Grades 4–6 (1999)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
Curriculum
Grade 7 (1999)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
Curriculum
Grade 8 (1999)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
Curriculum
Grade 9 (2000)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics 10
(2004)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
Foundations 10
(Implementation Draft, 1999)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
11/Advanced Mathematics 11
(Implementation Draft, June 2000)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
Foundations 11 (Implementation Draft,
June 2000)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
12/Advanced Mathematics 12 (2004)
Atlantic Canada Mathematics
Foundations 12 (Implementation Draft,
August 2001)
Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005
Atlantic Canada Pre-Calculus
Mathematics 12 (Implementation
Draft, June 2002)
Calculus 12
(Implementation Draft, December
2004)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Primary (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade One (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Two (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Three (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Four (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Five
(2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Six (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Seven (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Eight (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Grade Nine (2005)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Mathematics 10 Plus (Draft, 2004)
Mathematics: A Teaching Resource,
Mathematics Foundations 10 Plus
(Draft, 2004)

Public Schools Programs Update: 2005–2006, October 2005 13