Falling

 Preguntas WH si son finding out siempre son falling

 Yes-No questions son falling si son finding out
 Yes-No answers are falling
 Ask for assistance son falling
 Offer assistance son falling (sincere)
 I don´t want Any cheese (F) – None at all (sincere)
 “To say the least” at the end- Falling
 Yes-No questions to show surprise-pleasure son falling
 Questions with suggestions or instructions son Falling
 Tails que sea para aclarar información en preguntas WH – What is it made of, that
sweater?
 Attitude words and phrases to emphasise that what we say is true are Falling.
 Question tags when it is only to confirm the information (They are coming tomorrow,
aren´t they?)
 Question tags when the statement is obviously correct (You are not well, are you?)
 Adjectives used in a sarcastic way: The flight has been cancelled – Great or
WONderful
 Wh questions con sugerencia de respuesta: la primer pregunta es Falling y las
respuestas sugeridas son Fall-Rise.

Rising
 The tone conveys an inpression that something is more to follow
 I phoned them (but they were not home)
 General questions : Can you help?, Is it over?, Can I go now?
 Listing things: Peter, Jack, Roger and Sam
 Tails siempre son R a no ser que sean preguntas WH – It´s a really good Photo, that
one
 Question tags son R cuando:
a)Los dos son positivos: Came by car, did you?
b)Cuando realmente no se: Not on a diet again, are you?
c)Cuando es sarcasmo: So you think you are clever, do you?
d)Cuando es una orden disfrazada: Take care of these, would you?
 Making sure questions son rising
 Statements asking for confirmation (info already known) are rising
 Yes-No questions to show criticism son Rising
 Repeat questions (to make sure or surprise) son rising
 The fact, the question, the point, the problem – Son rising or fall-rising
 Indicating attitude: “Curiosly” at the end- Rising

Fall-Rise
 Making sure for social reasons son fall-rise (just to be polite, not to check info)
 Offer assistance si son con dudas es FR
 To get to do something for us, we often express it in a polite way by using a fall-rising
tone: Ex: I need to get to the airport by six. Don´t suppose you can give me a LIFT
(FR)
 To express our reservations about something we use Fall-Rise: Ex: Do you like her
paintings, YES (F-R)
 I don´t want ANy cheese (FR) – I want a particular one
 “Basically”, “by large”, “as a rule”, “generally”, “in general” and others, are FR in the
beginning and R at the end
 “Actually” used to correct someone, give a diferent opinion or or request an offer are
FR when it is in the beginning and R when it is in the end
 “Apparently”, “presumably” and “supposedly” to show that we are not completely
sure are FR in the beginning and R in the end.
 Indicating attitude: “On the whole” at the beginning Fall-Rising
 Wh questions con sugerencia de respuesta: las respuestas sugeridas son Fall-Rise

Rise-Fall
Tone used to convey Strong feelings of approval, disapproval or surprise
Particular emphasis often to express enthusiasm, using and adjective
Dan got the job – GREAT
FanTAStic
aMAzing
Express surprise repeating a part of what was previsously said
This cheese is frozen – Frozen!
It´s impossible
You were first
All of them
He is honest
It is true
Adjectives can also be used in longer phrases with adverbs like: Absolutely, totally and
completely
Words to express opinion (ex.unfortunately) are RF in the middle and R in the end
Adverbs (curiously, interestingly, luckily, strangely,etc) can go with “enough”

“Cleft sentence”: oración dividida en dos partes

Puede haber “What clefts” or “It clefts” : What I always notice is a person´s hand
La parte del “What” siempre es fall-rise y la otra fall, no importa el orden
En lugar de “What” se puede usar “All”
La parte del It siempre es fall y la otra es fall-rise si no es info nueva y fall si es nueva

Making contrasts: the part that is news is falling, the part that is already known is fall-
rising o rising (The cake is for toMORrow (F), not for toDAY(FR)), it´s more important
to have COMfortable clothes (F) than STYlish ones (R).
In contradictions we use a step up in pitch symbol ( ) and the rest is falling
Example: I WASn´t asleep
To contradict it can be used: negatives (not, don´t, can´t, won´t): It´s NOT my fault; a
positive auxiliary or modal verb (be, have, can, would) But I DO like it; or the word that
corrects what the other speaker said: Your inSTRUctions were wrong
Indicating attitude: “The thing is”, or, “the only thing is” are rising or fall-rising, to add
more information to something already said.
To express to which viewpoint we will adress (economically, polically, technically,etc) –
Rising or Fall-Rising
4 elements of Accentuation:
Pitch and stress:Example word: cigarette
This has 2 prominent syllables, but they are prominent in different ways. In the first
syllable the chief element causing prominence is stress, whereas in the third syllable the
main factor is change of pitch.

Quantity and quality

Syllables may receive some prominence due to quality and/or quality of the vowel
sound in them , without any extra muscular energy or pitch movement e.g the last
syllable in attitude may be said to have inherent prominence produced rather by the
inherent quality and quantityof the strong vowel.