“The effect of Dynamics Balance Exercises on some Kinematics Variables

and Jump Shoot Accuracy for Young Basketball Players”

Dr. Mahmoud Houssain Mahmoud
Dr. Ahmed Abdel Moneim Elseuofy
Abstract:
Research aim is to identify the impact of dynamic balance exercises on some
Kinematics’ Variables and Jump Shoot Accuracy for Young Basketball Players,
Researchers used experimental method for one group with pre - post Test. The sample of
the research was selected intentionally way for Young Basketball Players under 16 age in
Talaa Elgesh club registered in basketball Egyptian Federation for the sports season 2015
and totaling ten (10) players who were filmed the Jump Shoot after dribbling to recognize
some Kinematics Variables that affect shooting accuracy. Researchers conducted tests of
front and lateral balance using a device (MFT), Hexagon Test, Vertical jump from motion
and skill tests to measure the accuracy and speed of the shoot. The implementation of a
training program was conducted for eight weeks - by five units per week unit, the time of
each unit was 120 minutes, including 40 min. devoted to balance Exercises. The main
findings showed improvement the results of balance tests using the device (MFT),
Hexagon, vertical jump from motion, improvement in the motion path for the center of
gravity for the horizontal and vertical paths and the full benefit for the horizontal
displacement transferring of Momentum to vertical motion energy, which enable the
Young to promote to the heights point, improvement of shoot angels which is considered
the main factor to give the ball the right flight to have the appropriate path to enter the
ring to improve the ratio of jump shoot. Researchers recommended the necessity of using
dynamic balance exercises within the Young training programs.
Key words: dynamic balance, Motion analysis, Jump Shoot, Accuracy, Basketball.
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
Introduction:
Dynamic balance is one of the important capabilities to Young basketball.
Offensive and defense maneuvers for Young Basketball Players need a great ability
to control his body, because of the dynamics and speed performance as well as the
playground area and the time of the small attack (24 seconds), which affects the
performance of the basic game skills. Shooting, especially jumping Shooting is
considered borderline for Offensive and defense maneuvers, because it is the final
crowning for attack maneuvers carried out by the team. If there is an opportunity
foot the Young player ability to balance and control of his body after performing

Assistant Prof., Department of team sports and racket games, Faculty of Physical Education, Minia University, Egypt
Assistant Prof., Department of Sport Kinesiology, Faculty of Physical Education for Men, Helwan University, Egypt.

1
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successive attack maneuvers to enable him to exploit the defensive gaps discovered
in the defense of competitor’s lines for shooting. To accomplish this skill well, the
player requires high physical and mechanical ability high to vertical jump to reach
the highest point of transforming the horizontal displacement of the center of
gravity of the body to the vertically displacement to be able to direct the path of the
ball accurately of the target to get a better angle for the ideal Shooting arc, leading
to an increase Shooting accuracy and high ratio of success. Through studying some
foreign previous studies, and scientific references such as “Rajan” et al (2016),
“Artur et al” (2014), “Prem Kumar” (2014), “Scott” (2013), “Oudejans et al.”
(2012), “Heng Choon et al” (2011), “Mahmoud Houssain” (2011), “Shallaby”
(2010), “Domenico et al” (2008), “Dorothea (2008), “Michael Hobbs” (2008) the
researchers noticed that there is a great interest for balance exercises specially
motion balance. These studies used group of exercises (Coordination ladder,
balance Board, Dot exercises, Plyometric and cones) to develop dynamic balance.
The most important results showed that balance exercises contributed to
develop physical and technical performance. Through following-up Young player
matches. researchers noticed the existence of motion confusion when performing
jumping shooting due to physical growth associated with adolescence, and the
existence of some difficulties in the flight path of the ball, and the angle of
shooting, which is the primary factor to give the ball the right flight arc and create
an entry angle of the ball in the ring which affects the ratios of jumping shooting.
The two researchers noticed the negligence for trainers for training to
dynamic balance in spite of their effect on the level of physical and skill
performance, in addition to the lack of Arabic researches dealing this subject. So,
the current research aims to design a program to motion balance the motor and
identify some of its effect on Kinematics’ Variables and Jump Shoot Accuracy for
 3

Junior Basketball Players. All these efforts exerted by the two researchers add
innovation to this research.
The Aim of the research:
The present research aims to design a set of dynamic balance exercises and
recognize their effects on some Kinematics Variables and Jump Shoot Accuracy for
Junior Basketball.
The hypotheses of the research:
١. There are significant differences between the averages of Pre - Post Test in
physical variables under consideration in favor of the Post test.
٢. There are significant differences between the averages of Pre - Post Test in
skill variables under consideration in favor of the Post test.
٣. There are significant differences between the averages of Pre - Post Test in
Kinematics Variables under consideration in favor of Post Test.
Materials and Methods:
The two researchers used experimental method for one group using Pre -
Post Test. The sample of the research was selected intentionally from Young
Basketball Players under-16 old in Talaa Elgesh club and the sample size was ten
(10) players.

Table (1) Mean and standard deviation of Age, Height, weight,

and Training age of the subjects (N = 10)
Variables Median Mean SD Skewness
Age (yr.) 14,56 14,55 0.52 - 0.003
Height (m) 172 172.5 3.14 0.34
Weight (kg) 75.50 76.20 4.57 0.28
Training age (yr.) 5.53 0.70 - 0.634 - 0.576
Table 1showd that the Skewness for variables (age, Height, Weight, training
age) Ranged between (0.28, .003) of any confined between ± 3, which demonstrates
that the sample represents a homogeneous society equinoctial in these variables.
 4

The two-researcher conducted the first and the second pilot studies from
Saturday, 13.06.2015 till Thursday, 18/06/2015 to recognize the suitability of the
proposed program of dynamic balance exercises for the research sample, the
validity and safety of the tools and equipment used, and the extent of understanding
research sample for tests specially the device (the MFT) test of front and lateral
dynamic balance (Attachment 2).
The two researchers filmed the skill of jump shoot after dribbling to face in
the target board for the research sample, and analyzed of test results dynamically to
recognize on some Kinematics variables that affect in the skill jump shoot.
Time Plan and Basis of Balance Exercises:
Pre measurements were conducted in physical variables (front and lateral
balance , hexagon form and vertical jump of movement), skill variables (Remote,
near shooting , Shooting accuracy and the speed of shooting ) and Kinematics
Variables (horizontal and vertical displacement to the center of gravity, angle
changing for legs joints and shooting arm, the flight path of the and shooting
angle) in the period from Saturday, 20/06/2015 to Thursday, 25/06/2015 in the
variables under consideration. The two researchers considered the application of
these measurements in the same manner.
Training program was implemented (conducted) during the preparation
period for a period of eight weeks and by five units per week total of forty training
modules a time of 120 minutes for the unit, them 40 minutes were allocated for
dynamic balance exercises which were carried out after the warm-up directly. The
amount of training size for dynamic balance exercises was for the program 1600
min (40 s × 40 units), The training time ranged from 15 to 30 seconds and interval
rest between exercises of 10 to 15 seconds, group frequency from 2 to 3 once time
and interval rest between groups from 30 to 50 seconds. The intensity and size for
physical and skill exercises were determined through (time and frequency), the
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exercises were performed by using the tools (Coordination ladder, cones) and
without tools.
After finishing training program under the research, the two researchers
filmed the sample again to follow – up the development of kinematics Variables for
skill in the research and applied post measurements on the research sample in the
variables of the research in the period from Saturday, 22/08/2015 till Thursday,
27/08/2015.
In light of the objectives and hypotheses of the research, the two researchers
used appropriate statistical methods (Arithmetic mean - median - standard
deviation- Skewness coefficient - percentage of improvement T - Test and
Spearman correlation) using (SPSS V. 20) program and Excel program to make
curves of dynamic analysis for jumping shooting.
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Results and discussion:

Table 2: Significant differences between the averages of (Pre- Post) test for the
group in the variables of the physical and skill performance of the study
(N = 10)
Measuring Mean Mean Mean (t)
Variables SD %
unit before after Diff. Value
Frontal dynamic (MFT) degree 3.07 2.52 0.60 0.55 * 2.91 17.92 %
Lateral dynamic (MFT) degree 3.44 2.94 0.53 0.50 * 3.00 14.54 %
Dynamics
Balance
Tests

Hexagon Test Sec. 14.18 12.59 0.38 1.59 * 13.29 11.21 %

Vertical Jump Cm 36.50 46.50 2.06 10.00 * 15.39 27.40 %
Shooting near &far Point 8.60 13.70 1.37 5.10 * 11.77 59.30 %
Shooting

Shooting Speed Point 7.50 14.04 1.06 6.70 * 20.00 89.33 %

Tests

Shooting accuracy Sec. 48.30 43.60 0.59 4.70 * 15.67 9.73 %

Value (T) Driven at the level of significance (0.05) and 9 degrees of freedom = 1.833
Table (2) showed that there were significant differences between the
averages of pre-post Test in physical tests under discussion, and testing of the
jumping shooting accuracy in favor post measurement as the value of (t) calculated
is greater than the value of (T) Indexed at 0.05.

50
45
40
Pre test Post test
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Frontal dynamic Lateral dynamic Hexagon Test Vertical Jump Shooting near Shooting Speed Shooting
(MFT) (MFT) &far accuracy
Dynamics Balance Shooting Tests

Chart. (1) Significant differences between the mean scores

of the two measurements Pre- Post test
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Table (2), (Chart 1) showed that there was improvement in all the tests used,
and the existence of statistically significant in favor of post measurement, where
test scores front and lateral dynamic balance improved according to device (the
MFT) by (18%) of the front balance, (15.5%) of the lateral balance. The two
researchers believe that this percentage is good because it changes Young player
estimation from passing to good according to the standard device after using
balance exercises by using balance plates. The nature of the test requires a
sufficient amount of muscle power to dominate and control all the joints of the
body in general and feet in particular from the beginning of the joint ankle which
bears the greatest burden in maintaining the status of the body balanced on the base
of the device.
This is in line with “Rajan” (2016), “Basnett, C.” (2013), “Peter Schreiner”
(2010), (Jungwirth Iris (2006) where they pointed out that balance exercises by
using (MFT) balance plates contribute to strengthen the muscles working at the
joints of the lower limb, helping to improve the ability to control the ankle joint on
the device, which affected the improvement in test of front and lateral balance.
The rate of improvement in test hexagons form was 11.2%. This test requires
a great deal of dynamic balance, agility and the muscle ability to the legs and trunk
to enable the Young player to jump (36 leaps) and change his directions during fast
jumping. Researcher attributed this improvement to training points, Plyometric and
compatible ladder which led to the development of dynamic balance. This
contributed to the development of speed, agility and the muscle ability which a
Young player need to improve the time of jumping under consideration.
This is in line with “Rajan” (2016) “Ambegaonkar” (2013), “Dave Anthony”
(2013), “Alemdarolu” (2012), “Ricotti” (2011) where they pointed out that training
points, Plyometric and compatible ladder contribute to the improvement of
dynamic balance, speed and agility, as well as the muscle ability of the two legs,
 8

trunk and arms which improve the ability of jumping, dynamic direction, control of
the body and maintain his poise when performing rapid movements without
dynamic defect or disorder during performance.
The rate of improvement in the vertical jumping test of movement 27.40%
and requires this test existence a great deal of muscle capacity, compatibility and
dynamic connection, which are available in the exercises of the program
(Coordination ladder, Dot, Plyometric, Hexagon form) to develop a dynamic
balance which was the cause of the development of these physical qualities
required by the test. This is in line with the results of [(5), (29), (14), (17), (7), (30),
(19), (12), (18)] where they pointed out that there is a direct correlation between the
dynamic balance and some physical qualities (strength, muscle power, accuracy,
endurance) By increasing the individual's ability to dynamic balance, there was an
increase the level of muscle power, endurance and accuracy, and the inverse
relationship between the dynamic balance and some physical qualities (speed &
agility). The ability of the player to control the body, which resulted from the use of
dynamic balance exercises help the performance of agility and speed movements in
the least time possible.
Through the results of motion analysis for shooting, the two-researcher
showed that the rise in the weight of the center of gravity of the earth result from
grasping of the young to technical directions for them. Which explained the
Technic of mechanic transferring to parts of the body and the effect of the arms and
feet movement in the full range of motion to take the body the proper position to
elevate to the highest, and improve the player’s ability to stop the dribbling for
jumping shooting to increase the ability to brake horizontal dynamic energy body
and turn it into vertically displacements in shooting.
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Table (3): Time distribution and Average horizontal, vertical displacements

of C G Pre - Post (m) n=10
Time of center gravity Horizontal vertical
Phases
pre post pre post pre post
start 0.2 0.16 1.02 1.07 1.02 1.07
take-off 0.52 0.60 1.217 1.148 1.114 1.21
height 0.12 0.12 1.382 1.15 1.54 1.69
landing 0.84 0.88 1.42 1.17 1.31 1.36

time distribution of C G time distribution of C G the horizontal displacements the vertical displacements
2
pre post CG CG
landing 1.5
14%
18% 18% 24%
height 1

62% take-off 0.5

64%
introductory start 0
introductory phase phase start take-off height landing
main phase main phase 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
final phase post pre pre post

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Chart (2) the percentage of performance phases of C G

The Table (3), Chart (2 a, b) showed that the time of preliminary stage in
post measurement was less than the pre-Test by (0.04 s), which proves that the
speed of the transition from the stage of running and stopping for jumping. As for
the jumping stage (take-off) there is an increase in the time of jumping in the post
measurement by (0.08 s). The two researchers attribute this to the increase of
vertical displacement and the ideal full use of dynamic transferring from feet to the
trunk smoothly.
Table (3), Chart (2 c) also showed that the amount of the front horizontal
displacement toward the ring and that reflect the player's ability to convert the
acquired dynamic energy of running with dribbling and Stop momentary to be
ready for jumping into the vertical direction, where the mechanical objective to the
skill of jump shoot is to reach the highest point without clashing with the defender
and to go away far from him with accompanied by shooting accuracy [2], The
 10

lower of horizontal displacements after landing, the lower bumping of the defender
and committing into personal faults where it was in the pre measurement (40 cm)
versus (10 cm) in the post measurement, so as to increase the ability to command
and control in the joints of the body that works to keep the weight of center of
gravity above the base [21]. As for the average vertical displacement for pre-Test
was the amount of the maximum height of the center of gravity of the body is 52
cm, and the average of vertical displacement in the post measurement 62 cm with
difference 10 cm from the pre measurement. The two researchers attributed this
difference to dynamic balance exercises that contributed to the technical
performance improvement of the skill in the research.
Table 4 Average horizontal, vertical displacements and
resultant Velocity of ball (m) N= 10
Shoulder Elbow wrist ankle knee hip
Phases
pre post pre post pre post pre post pre post pre post

start 88.2 85.9 49.6 76.9 135 130.3 72 74.7 119.2 121.3 125.8 140.4

take-off 102.8 108.5 48.1 64.2 145.9 120.7 64.7 60.4 128.1 130.3 153.3 151.5

height 141.4 143.1 165.9 175.4 179.4 180.4 114.4 144.5 164.9 177.7 176.1 179.9

landing 135.1 100.4 129.4 110. 209.5 218.5 116.8 99.4 165.0 162.0 166.1 167.1

angular Change to ankle pre post angular Change to hip pre post angular Change to kneepre post
180 220 200
150 190 170
angular
angular

120 160
140
angular

90 130
60 100 110
30 70 80
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
ankle pro ankle postt (sec) hip pro hip post t (sec) knee pro knee post t (sec)

(a) (b) (c)

Chart (3): the angular Change to leg joints (º)

Table (4) Chart (3 a-b-c) showed that there was a similarity in the angular
changing of the lower limb of joints in the preliminary and finally stage in pre-and
post-Test, and there was difference in the main stage in favor of post
 11

measurements. Thus, the lower end has done a good extension in post
measurements to make dynamic quality called stretched arc which enable the
player of the smooth ball shooting and the promotion to the highest point and make
the upper limps of the body away from competitive defenders in a good way
angular Change to wrist pre post angular Change to Elbow pre angular Change to Shoulder pre
230 200 post 180 post
200 170 150
140
170 120

angular
angular
110
angular

140 90
80
110 60
50
80
20 30
50 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 t (sec)
t (sec) Elbow post Elbow pre t (sec)
wrist post wrist pre Shoulder post Shoulder pre

(a) (b) (c)

Chart (4): the angular Change to Shooting arm joints (º) N=10
Table (4) Chart (4 a, b, c) showed that showed that there was a similarity in
the angular changing of some joints of the shooting arm during the performing the
skill of shooting from jumping to the shoulder joint. The average of angular
changing during the landing stage in the pre-Test 135.1° in the post measurements
was 100.4°. Mechanically this cannot achieve a good balance during landing
because If the shoulder angle was big it will show the arm up, thus the center of the
body weight will be high consequently the balance will be lower [11].
As for the elbow joint, there was clear difference in the maximum height of
the center of gravity of the body where it achieved an angle of 165.9° in the pre-
Test and angle of 173.4° in the post measurement and indicates that the lack of full
extension of the arm.
As for the wrist joint, which ends with it, all powerful outcomes and
movements at the moment of leaving the ball which record in the pre-Test angle of
209.5° and in the post measurement 218.5°. It demonstrates a good follow-up hand
in the post measurement.
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Table 5 Average horizontal, vertical displacements and resultant

Velocity of ball (m)
Time vertical Horizontal R Velocity
Phases
pre post pre start pre post pre post

start 0.01 0.01 1.4 1.4 0.02 0.039 0.01 0.01

take-off 0.16 0.2 2.3 3.9 0.142 2.42 0.315 1.13
height 0.6 0.52 4.87 3.88 2.17 2.6 4.616 4.89
landing 1.4 1.36 3.12 3.05 4.56 4.72 2.94 3.8

time distribution of ball pre time distribution of ball post

15% 11%

47% 46%

38% 43%
introductory phase
introductory phase
main phase main phase
final phase final phase

(a) (b)
Chart (5) the percentage of performance phases of the ball (sec)

Table (5), Chart (5 a, b) Showed that the average total time for the ball path
for the pre-Test recorded 1.4 second and in the post measurement recorded 1.36
second. In the main stage, the flight time in the post measurement was less than
flight time in the pre-Test with 0.04 s, where the time was 0.60 second versus 0.56
second for post measurement. The two researchers attributed this to rising the
aviation ball arc [5].
THE HORIZONTAL AND Velocity resultant of the ball(after
the horizontal and vertical displacements
after
VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS
5 BEFORE 6 before)
6
Velocity resultant m/sec2
d (m)

5
D (M)

4
4 4
3
3
2 2 2

1 1
0
0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0
0 20 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-2
horizontal ‫الزمن‬ FREMS
vertical ‫الزمن‬ frems t (sec)
horizontal vertical befote after

(a) (b)) (c)

Chart (6). Horizontal Vertical displacement and Velocity resultant of the ball
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Table (5) Chart (6 a) Showed that the average horizontal indentation to the
sample of the study in the pre- post Test was relatively stable. The two researchers
attributed this to stability of the distance where the last cone of dribbling was
placed on the three-point’s line. The shooting player must jump to shoot after the
cone directly. The average of horizontal distance between the center of the ring and
place of jumping ranged between 4.5 to 4.7 meters [32].
The vertical displacement as shown from Chart (6 b) revealed that the ball
path in the pre-Test recorded Maximum height of 4.87 meters with an average
angle of the starting ball ° 65: ° 59 while the maximum height in the post
measurement was 3.88 meters and an angle of starting ball was 45 °: 50 °. Most
Arab and foreign references agreed that that the perfect angle of starting ranged
٤٢°: ٤٩° [٥], [٣١].
Table (5) Chart (6 c) illustrated that the average of Velocity resultant was
extremely close. The difference was in the preliminary stage where the speed
outcome recorded a supreme in favor of the post Test. It was in the pre-Test was
0.315 m / sec2 versus 1.13 m / sec2 in the post measurement.

Conclusions:

١. There were significant statically differences between pre- post Tests in the
physical skill and Kinematics variables under consideration and in favor of
the post Test.
٢. Exercises of suggested dynamic balance have a clear impact on (agility -
speed) as shown from results of post Test.
٣. Improvement of the rate of front and lateral balance on the device of (MFT)
and Hexagon test with various degrees, its impact was shown on controlling
parts of the body to changing directions and improving technical
performance.
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٤. Rising the path of body weight center in vertical jump which was shown
from Vertical motion analysis which is considered an important significance
in the jump shoot.
٥. Improvement of velocity and shooting accuracy greatly due to improvement
neuromuscular compatibility that is characterized with confusion and
disorder for the Age of research sample.
٦. Movement of joints of the lower limb and shooting hand of full range of
motion according to technical and skill of shooting from jump.
٧. Improvement of ball dynamic track, starting angle and ball entrance angle to
the ring.

Recommendations:

 Using exercises (compatible ladder, balance plates, the MFT device, points
exercises, Plyometric, cones) totally to improve dynamic balance and apply
them on other skills for Junior and old players in addition to female players.
 Using dynamic analysis to check technical errors and comparing
performance among players.
 Showing results to players to have a Feedback for actual performance and
what it should be.
 Using and innovating of similar exercises for actual situations game.
 Extracting exercises of dynamic balance from actual motion analysis to the
basic skills of the game.
 15

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٢٤. Oudejans RRD, Karamat RS, Stolk MH. (2012): Effects of actions preceding the jump
shot on gaze behavior and shooting performance in elite female basketball players.
International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 7(2): 255‐267
٢٥. Peter Schreiner Gerd Thissen (2010): Gleichgewicht der Schlüssel zur Perfektion am
Ball, IFJ96, Deutschland.
٢٦. Prem Kumar, N. (2014): Effect of Basketball Specific Footwork Training Protocol on
Selected Offensive and Defensive Skills In Basketball, International Journal of
Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, Vol.3. No.2: 60- 67.
٢٧. Rajan Balakrishnan, Ellanchezlian, Emelita, Elanchezhian Chinnavan (2016):
Comparison of static and dynamic balance among male Amateur basketball players,
International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health; 3(1): 364-369
٢٨. Ricotti, L. (2011): Static and Dynamic Balance in Young Athletes. Journal of Human
Sport & Exercise, 6(4), 616-628.
٢٩. Scott Lucett, (2013): Speed and Agility Training for Basketball, Strength Cond Res, 12
(2): 212-6.
http://www.nasm.org/newsfeeddetails/2013/01/15/speed-and-agility-training-for-
basketball
٣٠. Shallaby HK. (2010): The effect of plyometric exercises use on the physical and skillful
performance of basketball players. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 2010; 3 (4):
S316: 324
٣١. http://www.wikihow.com/Shoot-a-Jump-Shot
٣٢. https://www.advantagebasketball.com/shootingcamp.htm
 17

“The effect of Dynamics Balance Exercises on some Kinematics’ Variables and

Jump Shoot Accuracy for Young Basketball”
Dr. Mahmoud Houssain Mahmoud
Dr. Ahmed Abdel Moneim Elseuofy

The current research aims to design a program for balance Exercises and identify its
impact on some of the Kinematical Variables and Jump Shoot Accuracy for Young Basketball.
The two researchers used experimental method for one group following the pre – post
measurements because it is appropriate for the nature of the study and its objectives. The sample
of the research was selected intentionally way for Young Basketball under 16, in Talaa Elgesh
club registered in basketball Egyptian Federation for the sports season 2015 m and totaling ten
(10) players who were photographed during the Jump Shoot after Dribbling. The two researchers
analyzed motor skill to recognize some biomechanics’ variables that affect the skill of the current
research. (horizontal and vertical displacement for the center of gravity of the body, Angular
change joints of the legs and arm shoot, flight path of the, and the shoot angle), Motion balance
was measured using tests (Hexagon form, front and lateral balance using a device (MFT), vertical
jump test, and some skill tests to measure the accuracy and speed of the shoot. The
implementation of the proposed motion balance program for a period of eight (8) weeks and by
five (5) units per week with a Total of forty (40) training unit, and time of training daily (120)
minutes’ unit 40 minutes were allocated for motion balance which were performed after the
warm-up directly. The most important findings of the two researchers from the physical side
showed improvement in the result tests for front and lateral balance using the device of (MFT),
hexagon form, vertical jump of motion, mechanically there was a streamline of the motion path
of for the center of gravity of the body on the horizontal and vertical tracks and the full benefit
for the horizontal displacement transferring the amount of motion to motion and vertical energy
which enable the Junior player to promote to the heights point and exploit of the body angles well
in motor transport from the feet to the ball. This affects to improve shoot angels (angle of the
launch of the ball) which is considered the main factor to give the ball the right flight to have the
appropriate path to enter the ring to improve the ratio of jump shooting which was shown by
motion analysis for the skill in the current research. The two researchers recommended the
necessity of using motion balance exercises (training) within the Young player training programs
and applying them to other skills derived from the basic skills of the game.

Assistant Prof., Department of team sports and racket games, Faculty of Physical Education, Minia University, Egypt
Assistant Prof., Department of Sport Kinesiology, Faculty of Physical Education for Men, Helwan University, Egypt.
 ‫‪18‬‬

‫ملخص البحث‬
‫"تأثير تدريبات اﻻتزان الحركي ﻋلﻰ بعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية ودقة التصويب لناشئي كرة السلة"‬
‫*محمود حسين محمود‬
‫** أحمد عبد المنعم السيوفي‬

‫يهدف البحث الحالي إلي تصميم برنامج لﻼتزان الحركي والتعرف علي تأثيره علي بعض المتغيرات‬
‫البيوميكانيكية ودقة التصويب لناشئي كرة السلة‪ ،‬وقد استخدم الباحثان المنهج التجريبي لمجموعة واحدة باتباع‬
‫القياسات القبلية – البعدية نظ اًر لمﻼئمته لطبيعة الدراسة وأهدافها‪ ،‬واختيرت عينة البحث بطريقة عمدية من‬
‫ناشئي كرة السلة تحت ‪ ١٦‬سنه بنادي طﻼئع الجيش والمسجلين باﻻتحاد المصري لكرة السلة للموسم‬
‫الرياضي ‪٢٠١٥‬م والبالغ عددهم عشرة )‪ (١٠‬ﻻعبين‪ ،‬تم تصويرهم أثناء التصويب بالوثب بعد المحاورة‪،‬‬
‫وقاما الباحثان بالتحليل الحركي للمهارة للتعرف علي بعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية التي تؤثر في المهارة قيد‬
‫البحث )اﻹزاحة اﻷفقية والرأسية لمركز ثفل الجسم‪ ،‬التغير الزاوي لمفاصل الرجلين وللذراع المصوبة‪ ،‬مسار‬
‫طيران الكرة‪ ،‬وزاوية التصويب(‪ ،‬وتم قياس اﻻتزان الحركي باستخدام اختبارات )الشكل السداسي ـ اﻻتزان‬
‫اﻷمامي والجانبي باستخدام جهاز )‪ ،(MFT‬اختبار الوثب العمودي‪ ،‬وبعض اﻻختبارات المهارية لقياس دقة‬
‫وسرعة التصويب‪.‬‬
‫تم تنفيذ برنامج اﻻتزان الحركي المقترح لمدة )‪ (٨‬ثمانية أسابيع وبواقع )‪ (٥‬خمس وحدات أسبوعياً‪،‬‬
‫بإجمالي أربعون )‪ (٤٠‬وحدة تدريبية‪ ،‬وزمن الوحدة التدريبية اليومية ‪ ١٢٠‬دقيقة‪ ،‬خصص منها ‪ ٤٠‬دقيقة‬
‫لتدريبات اﻻتزان الحركي يتم تنفيذها بعد اﻹحماء مباشرة‪ ،‬وقد كانت أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحثان من‬
‫الناحية البدنية هي تحسن نتائج اختبارات اﻻتزان اﻷمامي والجانبي علي جهاز )‪ ،(MFT‬الشكل السداسي‪،‬‬
‫الوثب العمودي من الحركة‪ ،‬ومن الناحية الميكانيكية فكانت هناك انسيابية للمسار الحركي لمركز ثقل الجسم‬
‫علي المسارين اﻷفقي والرأسي واﻻستغﻼل اﻷمثل لﻺزاحة اﻷفقية بنقل كمية الحركة إلي طاقة حركية رأسية‬
‫تمكن الناشئ من اﻻرتقاء ﻷعلي نقطة واستغﻼل زوايا الجسم بشكل جيد في النقل الحركي من القدمين للكرة‪،‬‬
‫وأثر ذلك أيضاً علي تحسن زاوية التصويب )زاوية انطﻼق الكرة( والتي تعد هي العامل اﻷساسي في إكساب‬
‫الكرة قوس الطيران المناسب واتخاذها مسا اًر مناسباً للدخول في الحلقة مما يؤثر في تحسين نسب التصويب‬
‫بالوثب والذي أظهره التحليل الحركي للمهارة قيد البحث‪ .‬وقد أوصي الباحثان بضرورة استخدام تدريبات اﻻتزان‬
‫الحركي داخل برامج تدريب الناشئين وتطبيقها علﻰ مهارات أخري واشتقاقها من المهارات اﻷساسية للعبة‪.‬‬

‫* أستاذ مساعد بقسم الرياضات الجماعية وألعاب المضرب– كلية التربية الرياضية ‪ -‬جامعة المنيا‬
‫**أستاذ مساعد بقســم علوم الحركة الريـاضـية – كلية التربية الرياضية للبنين ‪ -‬جامعة حلوان‬