PARTS OF RESEARCH

PHILIP SJ. SOBERANO

Subject Teacher
 PARTS OF RESEARCH
• THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE
• RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
• PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS
• SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES
• APPENDICES
 CHAPTER I
• Chapter I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 Background of the Study
Theoretical/conceptual Framework
 Statement of the Problem
 Hypotheses
 Significant of the Study
 Scope and Delimitation
 Definition of Terms
 CHAPTER I
• Chapter I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 Background of the Study
it is in this section where you discuss the overview of your research
problem, the factors that lead you to conceptualization of the
problem and the justification for considering your chosen topic as a
problem for research.
 CHAPTER I
• Chapter I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
theoretical framework discusses the theories and principles upon
which the research problem is ANCHORED. An illustration may make
this concept clear.

Conceptual framework provides a rationale for the problem to be

studied. It presents what the research intends to do based on the
findings of previous researches and specifying the variables to be
used.
 CHAPTER I
• Chapter I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 Statement of the Problem
this is where you state the general and specific problems for the
research you choose to work on the hopes to achieve.

 Hypotheses
A hypothesis is a temporary answer to the specific problem
stated. A research hypothesis is usually based on the findings of the
previous studies. It should however, be made clear that when it
comes necessary to test this hypothesis using some statistical tools.
You need to state it in the null form.
 CHAPTER I
• Chapter I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 Significance of the Study
this part discusses the groups of person, institutions or offices
which will be benefited by the results of the study. The contribution of
the of the study must be discussed in relation to the goals of
education, institutions, such as your school, the community and, to
some extent, the country.
 CHAPTER I
• Chapter I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 Scope and Delimitation
You are to discuss inclusively the coverage of the study in terms
of the population, time frame, variables. You may likewise discuss id
there are some specific items which should be excluded in the study.
for instance, if the respondents are teacher, it may be specified
that only Full-time teacher are included in the study. Those who are
part-time teaching loads will not part of the study
 CHAPTER I
• Chapter I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
 Definition of Terms
terms have the usual or conventional definition or meaning.
What you are to include here are the operational definitions which
are specifically the meaning of the terms as they are used in the
study.
for instance, academic performance has a very broad meaning,
but in your study its meaning may be confined to the evaluation by
the teacher as reflected in the final grades in all subjects.
these definitions will make clear to the reader the meaning of the
terms as they used in the text of the research paper.
 CHAPTER II
• Chapter II. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE
This contains the literature reviewed and the synthesis of the
review. Foreign and local literature reviewed may be presented in
separate sections.
 CHAPTER III
• Chapter III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
 Method of Research
 Respondents/Subject of the Study
 Research Instrument
 Data Gathering Procedure
 Statistical Tools/Treatment of Data
 CHAPTER III
• Chapter III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
 Method of Research
The method of research to be used will have to be specified. The use
of the method must be justified.

 Respondents/ Subject of the Study

The population of the study must be stated in terms of “who” and
“how many”. If a sample is to be taken from the population, then the
sampling technique must also be explained.
 CHAPTER III
• Chapter III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
 Research Instruments
The research instrument must be described in terms of content,
nature and source. If instrument is constructed by the research, then
the validation process should likewise be discussed. The instrument is
to be used for gathering the data needed for the study.
 CHAPTER III
• Chapter III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
 Data Gathering Procedure
How the data are gathered must be discussed in detail in this
section. It must also include the ethical considerations such as
seeking approval from proper authorities conducting the research or
for gathering data.
 CHAPTER III
• Chapter III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
 Statistical Tools/Treatment of Data
The statistical tools which are used to answer the problem must be
stated. The reason for using the statistics may likewise be explained.
It is the results of the statistical computations which will be guide the
researcher in the interpretations of the data.
 CHAPTER IV
• Chapter IV. PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS
The data gathered are to be summarized in tables. The results of the
computations made on these data are to be used as tools for
interpretations and analysis. The data that appear on the tables are
to explained. They are sources of inferences and statistical decisions.
 CHAPTER V
• Chapter V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY
The summary contains the basic considerations such as the main
problem, the respondents, the sampling procedure, research
instruments and the highlights of the findings. These become the
basis for the formulation of the conclusions.
 CHAPTER V
• Chapter V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSION
The conclusions are the answers to the specific problems based on
the findings. To every problem, there corresponds a conclusion.
 CHAPTER V
• Chapter V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION

RECOMMENDATION
The recommendations are based on the conclusions. Thus for every
conclusion, there must be at least be one recommendation. Other
recommendations that may be generated by the study are cited
after the conclusion-based recommendation
 REFRERENCES
This gives the list of materials cited by the researcher in this study.
Depending on the research format used, this part may also be
entitled bibliography.
Del Rosario, Elmer C. 1997. Some desirable and perceived organizational processes of
secondary school administrators apropos communication and decision-making. The
Roosevelt College Educational Journal 1(1), pp. ______

Angeles, Ma. Teresa S. 2000. The relationship between the instructional competence of
teachers and academic performance of students in Roosevelt College Cainta. An
unpublished masteral thesis, Roosevelt College.
APPENDICES
These include the approval for the conduct of the research,
questionnaires, data gathered, computation, or any material which
may gives credence to the presentation and analysis of data.
Thank you and Good luck!!!