262-267-Unit 4 Opener 10/16/02 10:48 AM Page 262

Page 1 of 10

Patterns of
Physical Geography

Comparing Data
Use the Unit Atlas to
Landmass
add to your knowledge
of Europe. As you look
at the maps and charts, Europe
notice geographic 1,888,688 sq mi
patterns and specific
details about the region. Continental
United States
For example, the chart 3,165,630 sq mi
gives details about the
rivers and mountains
of Europe. Population
After studying the
graphs and physical map Europe
on these two pages, jot 510,898,860
down answers to the
questions below in your United States
281,422,000
notebook.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Making Comparisons Population (in millions)
1. Compare Europe’s size
and population to that of Rivers
the United States. Based
Elbe
on that data, how might
724 miles
the population densities
of the two compare? Rhine
820 miles
2. Compare Europe’s Danube
longest river, the Danube, 1,776 miles
to the Mississippi. How
Mississippi
much difference is there 2,357 miles U.S. Longest
in the lengths? World’s Longest
Nile
3. Which countries have 4,160 miles
many mountains? How 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
might those mountains
Length (in miles)
affect human life there?
Mountains

World’s Tallest U.S. Tallest

Mt. Everest Mt. McKinley Mont Blanc Monte Rosa Dom
Nepal-Tibet United States France-Italy Switzerland-Italy Switzerland
29,035 feet 20,320 feet 15,771 feet 15,203 feet 14,913 feet

For updated statistics on Europe . . .

DATA UPDATE
CL ASSZONE .COM

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Europe: Physical
20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E

ICELAND
Arct
ic Cir
cle

Norwegian Sea
Gulf of
Bothnia
Faroe Is.

FINLAND

Shetland Is.
NORWAY

Orkney SWEDEN
es 60°N
rid Is.
eb
H

HIGHLANDS
ESTONIA RUSSIA

Sea
North Gotland
LATVIA
Sea Jutland Öland I.
IRELAND

tic
DENMARK
l LITHUANIA
UNITED Ba
KINGDOM RUSSIA
BRITISH
NETHERLANDS El IN
ISLES be
R. PLA
IJSSELMEER P EAN BELARUS
EU RO

EUROPE
Land's End
E nglish
N O RT H ERN V ist
ul a
Channel R.
R h in e

ATLANTIC
de

Channel Is. BELGIUM

r

POLAND
R.
R.

OCEAN LUXEMBOURG GERMANY 50°N

Se i

T
ES

ne CZECH REPUBLIC UKRAINE

OR

L oi re R . R. Da CARPA
nu
KF

be TH
R. IA
AC

SLOVAKIA N
BL

Cape Finisterre Bay LIECHTENSTEIN

FRANCE MOLDOVA
of

M
Biscay SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA

TS
HUNGARY
S
ALP
.
MASSIF Mt. Blanc
e R.

SLOVENIA ROMANIA
15,771 ft.
CENTRAL
Rhôn

Eb (4,807 m.) Po R. CROATIA

ro PY
PORTUGAL R . RE AP
NE E
SAN
BOSNIA &
ES N MARINO
Danube R. B l a ck
HERZEGOVINA
MONACO
N

ANDORRA Sea
Ad
IN

ia BA .
YUGOSLAVIA
L K A N MTS
r

Tag us R
.

tic
E

Corsica Elba
S

BULGARIA
MESETA ITALY Se
VATICAN a
CITY MACEDONIA
SPAIN Majorca Minorca
Cape s.
earic I
ALBANIA 40°N
Sardinia
St. Vincent Bal Tyrrhenian
Sea
A eg

Mt. Etna GREECE TURKEY

Strait of
M e d i t e r r a n e a n
e an

Gibraltar
10,902 ft.
(3,323 m.)
Sicily S e a
Se

Elevation PELOPONNESUS
a

13,100 ft. (4,000 m.) Cyclades

6,600 ft. (2,000 m.) Rhodes
ALGERIA N
1,600 ft. (500 m.)
TUNISIA
650 ft. (200 m.) MALTA
Crete
W E
0 ft. (0 m.)
Below sea level
S
Mountain peak 0 250 500 miles

Glacier 0 250 500 kilometers

Azimuthal Equidistant Projection
20°E

LIBYA
EGYPT
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Patterns of
Human Geography

Europe, 1914
After World War I 30°W 20°W ICELAND 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E
(Den.)
(1914–1918), the political Ar c ti c
Circle

map of Europe changed 0 250 500 miles

Norwegian Sea

radically. Empires 0 250 500 kilometers

disappeared, and new Azimuthal Equidistant Projection SWEDEN
FINLAND
countries were born. NORWAY (Rus.)

Study the political maps Christiania Petrograd

of Europe in 1914 and Stockholm

Sea
Europe today to see what ATLANTIC
North
OCEAN
changes took place in the 50°N
Sea
DENMARK

tic
UNITED KINGDOM R U S S I A
20th century. Then Copenhagen Ba
l

answer these questions NETHERLANDS

Amsterdam
in your notebook. N
London Berlin
Brussels
GERMANY
W BELGIUM
Making Comparisons E
Paris
Luxembourg
LUXEMBOURG
1. Which nations appear on S Vienna
Bay
the map of Europe today of
Bern
Biscay SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA-
but don’t appear on the FRANCE HUNGARY
1914 map? 40°N PORTUGAL Bucharest
ROMANIA
B lack
Belgrade
Ad

2. Which nations existed in Sea

ri a

Lisbon Madrid ITALY

BULGARIA
ti c

1914 but no longer exist Rome MONTENEGRO

Se SERBIA Sofia Constantinople
SPAIN a
today? Tiranë
ALBANIA
OTTOMAN
3. Which nations are larger GREECE EMPIRE
now than they were in Mediterranean Athens
1914? Sea

This map shows the nations of Europe in

4. Which nations are smaller
1914, before the outbreak of World War I.
than they were in 1914?

Madeira Is.
(Port.)

Canary Is.
(Sp.)

264 UNIT 4
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20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E

Europe: Political
30°E 40°E
Reykjavík
ICELAND
Arct
ic Cir
cle

Norwegian Sea
Gulf of
Bothnia
Faroe
Islands
(Den.)
Trondheim FINLAND
Shetland Is.
(Br.) NORWAY
Tampere
Bergen
Oslo SWEDEN Helsinki 60°N

Stockholm
ESTONIA

Sea
Glasgow RUSSIA

Belfast Edinburgh North Göteborg

Sea LATVIA
Dublin DENMARK
UNITED

tic
IRELAND KINGDOM l LITHUANIA
Cork
Copenhagen Ba
RUSSIA
NETHERLANDS BELARUS
Hamburg
London Amsterdam POLAND
Portsmouth Berlin

EUROPE
E nglish
Channel Brussels Poznan´
GERMANY Warsaw
ATLANTIC BELGIUM
Frankfurt
OCEAN LUXEMBOURG
Luxembourg
Prague 50°N

Paris UKRAINE
Nantes CZECH REPUBLIC
SLOVAKIA
Bay LIECHTENSTEIN Bratislava
of FRANCE Bern Vienna MOLDOVA
Biscay AUSTRIA
SWITZERLAND Graz Budapest
Bordeaux
SLOVENIA HUNGARY
Ljubljana ROMANIA
Milan Venice Zagreb
CROATIA
PORTUGAL ITALY SAN BOSNIA & Bucharest
Marseille
MONACO
MARINO HERZEGOVINA Belgrade B l a ck
Ad

Madrid ANDORRA Sarajevo Sea

ri a

Lisbon VATICAN YUGOSLAVIA BULGARIA

ti c

Corsica
Barcelona (Fr.) CITY Sofia
Se
a Skopje
SPAIN Rome
Tiranë MACEDONIA
Seville Naples
Balearic Islands
ALBANIA 40°N
Sardinia
(Sp.) (It.)
Tyrrhenian
Aeg

Sea GREECE TURKEY

ea

M e d i t e r r a n e a n
n

Athens
S e a
Se

MOROCCO
a

Sicily
ALGERIA (It.)
N
MALTA
National capital
Valletta W E
Other city Crete
(Gr.)
S
0 250 500 miles TUNISIA
0 250 500 kilometers
Azimuthal Equidisant Projection
10°E 20°E

LIBYA EGYPT
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Regional Patterns

Major Religions of Europe*

These two pages contain
Judaism 0.2%
a pie graph and three
thematic maps. The pie Islam 2.2%
graph shows the religions
of Europe. The maps Eastern Orthodox 8.8%
show other important
Other 15%
features of Europe: its
generally mild climate, Protestant 18.8%
its diversity of languages,
and its high population Roman Catholic 55%
density. After studying
* Does not include Andorra, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, San Marino, or the Vatican
these two pages, answer SOURCE: CIA World Factbook, 1999
the questions below in
your notebook.

Making Comparisons Climates of Europe

1. Where are the coldest 40°W 30°W 20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E
climates to be found in
Europe? Is the population Semiarid
Arct
ic C
density high or low in Mediterranean ircle

those areas? Give Marine west coast

Norwegian Sea
possible reasons for Humid subtropical
that pattern. Humid continental

2. What do you notice about Subarctic

the number of languages Tundra 60°N

in Europe? Do they Highland

Sea

belong to one language

0 250 500 miles
group or several? Explain North
whether the pattern of 0 250 500 kilometers Sea N
tic

l
Azimuthal Equidistant Projection Ba
languages would be E
W
more likely to increase
or decrease conflict in S
the region. ATLANTIC 50°N
OCEAN
Bay
of
Biscay

Black
Ad

Sea
ri a
ti c

Se
a
40°N

Mediterranean
Sea

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Sami
Icelandic

Languages of Europe Norwegian Sea

Faeroese
Major Indo-European Branches
Finnish
Germanic Scots Norwegian
Romance Gaelic
English Swedish
Slavic

Sea
N
Other Indo-European Branches
Irish North E
Celtic Gaelic Sea
Danish W

tic
English l
Hellenic Ba
Welsh Frisian S
Illyrian English
Uralic Language Family Dutch
ATLANTIC Polish
Finno-Ugric German
O C E A N Breton
Other Languages
Alsatian Czech
Slovak
Basque Bay
Galician of French Romanian
Biscay Hungarian
Areas with significant
concentrations of other Basque Slovene
languages (usually Provençal
adjacent national languages) Serbo-Croatian Bl ack Sea
Spanish

Ad
Portuguese Italian

ri a
French Spoken language c Bulgarian

ti
Catalan Se
a
0 250 500 miles
Macedonian
Albanian
0 250 500 kilometers
Greek
Azimuthal Equidistant Projection Mediterranean
Sea

EUROPE
Reykjavík
Arct
ic C
ircle

Norwegian Sea
Population Density of Europe

Persons Persons
per per
sq mi sq km 60°N
Over 520 Over 200 Helsinki
260–519 100–199 Oslo N
Stockholm
130–259 50–99
Sea

E
25–129 10–49
North W
1–24 1–9 Sea
40°N
0 S
tic

0 Dublin Copenhagen l
Ba

Amsterdam
0 250 500 miles London Berlin
0 250 500 kilometers Brussels Warsaw
Azimuthal Equidistant Projection 50°N
ATLANTIC
OCEAN Luxembourg
Paris Prague

Bay Bratislava
of
Vienna
Bern Budapest
Biscay
Ljubljana
Zagreb
Bucharest
Sarajevo Belgrade Bla ck S e a
Ad

Lisbon Madrid
ri a

30°N
Sofia
ti c

Rome Se Skopje
a
Tiranë 40°N

Mediterranean Sea
Athens

Valletta
20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 267
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Regional Data File

Country Country/ Population Life Expectancy Birthrate Infant Mortality
Flag Capital (2000) (years) (per 1,000 pop.) (per 1,000 live births)
(2000) (2000) (2000)

Albania 3,431,000 71 19 41.3

Study the charts on the Tiranë
countries of Europe. In
Andorra 67,000 83 11 6.4
your notebook, answer V IR
TVS
VNITA FORTI
OR

Andorra la Vella
these questions.
Austria 8,094,000 78 10 4.9
Vienna
Making Comparisons
1. Make a list of the top Belgium 10,246,000 78 11 5.6
five European countries Brussels
in GDP. Where are each Bosnia & Herzegovina 3,809,000 73 13 25.2
of these countries Sarajevo
located, relative to the
Bulgaria 8,152,000 71 8 14.9
rest of Europe? What
Sofia
pattern do you notice?
Croatia 4,600,000 73 11 8.2
2. Look at Albania’s life Zagreb
expectancy, infant
mortality, and number Czech Republic 10,275,000 75 9 4.6
of doctors. Judging Prague
from these statistics, Denmark 5,330,000 77 12 4.7
does Albania have Copenhagen
good health care?
Finland 5,177,000 78 11 4.2
3. Use the map on page 265 Helsinki
to choose a country in
Eastern Europe. How France 59,353,000 79 13 4.8
Paris
many televisions and cars
does it have per 1,000 Germany 82,141,000 77 9 4.7
people? How does that Berlin
compare to the United
Greece 10,596,000 78 10 6.7
States? Athens
(continued on page 270) Hungary 10,020,000 71 9 8.9
Budapest
Iceland 281,000 80 15 4.0
Reykjavík
Ireland 3,795,000 76 15 6.2
Dublin
Notes: Italy 57,820,000 78 9 5.5
a A comparison of the prices of the
Rome
same items in different countries
is used to figure these data. Liechtenstein 33,000 73 14 5.1
b Includes water, when figures are

available.
Vaduz
Luxembourg 438,000 77 13 5.0
Luxembourg
For updated statistics on Europe . . .

DATA UPDATE
CL ASSZONE .COM

268 UNIT 4
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Doctors GDP a Import/Export a Literacy Rate Televisions Passenger Cars Total Areab
(per 100,000 pop.) (billions $US) (billions $US) (percentage) (per 1,000 pop.) (per 1,000 pop.) (square miles)
(1990–1998) (1999) (1996–1999) (1991–1998) (1996–1998) (1996–1997)

129 5.6 0.9 / 0.2 83 161 10 11,100

(1990)

253 1.2 1.0 / 0.6 100 315 552 174

(1996)

302 190.6 69.9 / 62.9 100 516 468 32,378

395 243.4 172.8 / 187.3 99 510 434 11,787

143 6.2 3.0 / 0.5 86 94 23 19,741

345 34.9 5.3 / 3.8 98 366 202 42,822

229 23.9 7.6 / 4.5 98 267 160 21,830

303 120.8 29.0 / 26.9 99 447 428 30,448

290 127.7 43.9 / 49.5 100 585 339 16,637

299 108.6 30.7 / 43.0 100 640 378 130,560

303 1,373.0 280.8 / 304.7 99 601 437 212,934

350 1,864.0 587.0 / 610.0 100 580 504 137,830

392 149.2 24.9 / 12.4 97 466 223 50,950

357 79.4 25.1 / 22.6 99 437 222 35,919

326 6.4 2.4 / 1.9 100 356 489 39,768

219 73.7 39.6 / 66.0 100 456 292 27,135

554 1,212.0 206.9 / 242.6 98 486 540 116,320

100 0.730 0.9 / 2.5 100 371 592 62

(1993)

272 14.7 8.6 / 7.5 100 619 515 999

Europe 269
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Regional Data File

Country Country/ Population Life Expectancy Birthrate Infant Mortality
Flag Capital (2000) (years) (per 1,000 pop.) (per 1,000 live births)
(2000) (2000) (2000)

Macedonia 2,033,000 73 15 16.3

Making Comparisons Skopje
(continued)
4. Europe has several coun- Malta 390,000 77 12 5.3
tries with populations Valletta
under 100,000 people. Monaco 34,000 79 20 5.9
Which of these has the Monaco
smallest total area?
Netherlands 15,921,000 78 13 5.0
5. Use the map on page Amsterdam
265 to identify the
Norway 4,487,000 79 13 4.0
two countries on the
Oslo
Scandinavian Peninsula.
For each of those coun- Poland 38,648,000 74 10 8.9
tries, calculate per capita Warsaw
GDP by dividing total Portugal 10,013,000 76 11 6.0
GDP by population. Lisbon
Which country has the
higher per capita GDP? Romania 22,432,000 70 11 20.5
Bucharest
San Marino 27,000 80 11 8.8
San Marino
Slovakia 5,401,000 73 11 8.8
Bratislava
Slovenia 1,968,000 75 9 5.2
Ljubljana
Spain 39,466,000 78 9 5.7
Madrid
Sources: Sweden 8,866,000 80 10 3.5
Europa World Year Book 2000
Human Development Report 2000,
Stockholm
United Nations
Switzerland 7,142,000 80 11 4.8
International Data Base, 2000, U.S.
Census Bureau online Bern
Merriam-Webster’s Geographical
United Kingdom 59,750,000 77 12 5.7
Dictionary, 1997
Stateman’s Yearbook 2001 London
2000 World Population Data Sheet,
Population Reference Bureau
Vatican City 860 N/A N/A N/A
A
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A
AAA AAA
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A

AA
AA

A
AAAA A
AA
A
AAAAA

AA
AA
A
AAA
AA

AAAAAA
AAAAAA A

Vatican City
AAAA

AAA

A
AA A
A
AAA
AAA
A

(1999)
A AA
AA

AAAAAAAAAAAA A
AAA

A
AAA
x AA
AA
xA
A A A
A

online
WHO Estimates of Health Personnel,
World Health Organization online
Yugoslavia 10,662,000 73 11 10.4
World Almanac and Book of Facts Belgrade
2000
World Factbook 2000, CIA online
N/A = not available
Notes: United States 281,422,000 77 15 7.0
a A comparison of the prices of the
Washington, D.C.
same items in different countries
is used to figure these data.
b Includes land and water, when

figures are available.

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Doctors GDP a Import/Export a Literacy Rate Televisions Passenger Cars Total Areab
(per 100,000 pop.) (billions $US) (billions $US) (percentage) (per 1,000 pop.) (per 1,000 pop.) (square miles)
(1990–1998) (1999) (1999) (1991–1998) (1996–1998) (1996–1997)

204 7.6 1.6 / 1.2 89 250 132 9,927

261 5.3 2.7 / 1.8 91 518 321 124

664 0.9 Included in figures 100 690 548 0.6

for France

251 365.1 152.0 / 169.0 100 543 372 16,033

413 111.3 38.6 / 47.3 100 579 399 125,050

236 276.5 40.8 / 27.8 99 413 195 124,807

312 151.4 34.9 / 25.0 91 542 295 35,514

184 87.4 9.6 / 8.4 98 226 106 92,042

252 0.5 Included in figures 99 346 955 23

(1997) for Italy

353 45.9 11.2 / 10.1 100 402 185 18,923

228 21.4 9.7 / 8.4 99 356 343 7,819

424 677.5 137.5 / 112.3 97 506 384 195,363

311 184.0 67.9 / 85.7 100 531 417 173,730

323 197.0 99.0 / 98.5 100 535 460 15,942

164 1,290.0 305.9 / 271.0 100 645 434 94,548

N/A N/A N/A 100 N/A N/A 0.17

203 20.6 3.3 / 1.5 98 27 173 39,448

251 9,255.0 820.8 / 663.0 97 847 489 3,787,319

Europe 271