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Important Editorial from The Hindu

• Aadhar Intact • Costly failure

• Cost of flying • Root Causes
• Fuzzy forecasts • Driverless

60 Challenging words from all the above articles:

1. Word: Subvert (विकृत करना) 4. Word: Misdemeanors (खराब आचरर्)

• Pronunciation: suhb-vurt/सब्वर्ट • Pronunciation: mis-di-mee-ner/मिस्स्ििीनर
• Part of Speech: Verb • Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: • Meaning:
a. a minor wrongdoing.
a. undermine the power and authority of (an
b. an instance of misbehavior; misdeed.
established system or institution).
• Synonyms: crime, felony, offenses,
• Synonyms: destabilize, unsettle,
violations
overthrow, overturn
• Antonyms: obedience
• Antonyms: bolster, enhance, comply
• Use in Sentence: Most charges were drug-
• Use in Sentence: The man was sentenced related misdemeanors.
to 10 years for plotting to subvert the
5. Word: Hubris (अभिमान)
government.
2. Word: Inglorious (अपमानपूर्)ण • Pronunciation: hu-bris/ह्यूब्रिस
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Pronunciation: in-glawr-ee-uhs/इन्ग्लोरीअस • Meaning:
• Part of Speech: Adjective a. an excess of confidence; having too much
• Meaning: pride and personal worth
a. (of an action or situation) causing shame • Synonyms: pride, arrogance, insolence
or a loss of honour. • Antonyms: humility, humbleness, modesty
b. not famous or renowned. • Use in Sentence: The self-assured hubris
• Synonyms: dishonourable, ignominious, among economists was shaken in the late
discreditable, disgraceful 1980s when the recession arrived.
• Antonyms: divine, gorgeous, proud 6. Word: Entrenched (अंतर्नणहित)
• Use in Sentence: The so-called glorious • Pronunciation: en-tren-ch-d/इन्गरे न्ग्र्
experiment came to an inglorious end. • Part of Speech: Adjective
3. Word: Speculation (विचार) • Meaning:
• Pronunciation: spek-yuh-ley-shuh n/ a. to establish an attitude, habit, or belief so
स्पेक्यलैशन strongly that it is not likely to change
• Synonyms: fixed, inflexible, instilled
• Part of Speech: Noun • Antonyms: vulnerable, adjustable,
• Meaning: unestablished
a. a single instance or process of • Use in Sentence: Our soldiers have
consideration. entrenched themselves behind the battle
b. a conclusion or opinion reached by such lines.
contemplation
7. Word: Reiterate (दि ु राना)
• Synonyms: hypothesis, guess
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Antonyms: fact, truth
• Meaning: say something again or a number
• Use in a Sentence: The company moved of times, typically for emphasis or clarity.
quickly to cancel the speculation that it is
• Pronunciation: ree-it-uh-reyt/रीइर्रै र्
losing money.

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• Synonyms: repeat, iterate, duplicate
• Antonyms: elapse, conceal, dismiss
• Use in a Sentence: Before an exam, my
teacher reiterated all the important points
8. Word: Akin (एक समान)
• Pronunciation: uh-kin/ ऐकिन
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: of similar character.
• Synonyms: alike, identical, equivalent
• Antonyms: dissimilar, contradictory,
inconsistent
• Use in a Sentence: Listening to her life
story was akin to reading a good
13. Word: Contend (संघर्ण करना)
adventurous novel.
9. Word: Compliance (आज्ञापालन)
• Pronunciation: kuh m-plahy-uh ns/
िम्प्लाइअन्गस
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: the state or fact of according with
or meeting rules or standards.
• Synonyms: obedience, concurrence,
consent
• Antonyms: refusal, denial, defiance
• Use in a Sentence: The workers of the
14. Word: Distress (दुःु ख िोना)
factory must be monitored to ensure
compliance with the terms and conditions.
10. Word: Sheer (पररपूर्)ण
• Pronunciation: sheer/शीर
• Part of Speech: Adverb, Adjective
• Meaning:
a. nothing other than; unmitigated (used for
emphasis). [Adjective]
b. completely; right. [Adverb]
• Synonyms: complete, absolute
• Antonyms: indefinite, incomplete
15. Word: Knee-jerk (स्ििाविक)
• Use in a Sentence: The boy giggled with
sheer delight.
11. Word: Put off (स्थगित करना)
• Pronunciation: poot-awf/पुर् ऑफ
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
a. an off-putting or unpleasant quality or
feature.
b. an evasive reply.
16. Word: Fallout (गिराि)
• Synonyms: postpone, delay, discourage
• Antonyms: succeed, carry out, achieve
• Use in Sentence: Don’t put off what you
can do today till tomorrow.
12. Word: Misnomer (भमथ्या नामी)
• Pronunciation: mis-noh-mer/मिस्नोिर
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• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
a. a wrong or inaccurate name or
designation.
b. a wrong or inaccurate use of a name or
term.
• Synonyms: misleading term, mislabelling,
false description
• Antonyms: appropriate designation, exact
name
• Use in Sentence: This name is a
misnomer and has necessarily gained a
contradictory implication.
• Pronunciation: kuh n-tend/िन्गर्े न्गि
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
a. assert something as a position in an
argument.
b. struggle to surmount (a difficulty).
• Synonyms: cope with, withstand
• Antonyms: abandon, disown
• Use in a Sentence: The new President had
great difficulties to contend with.
• Pronunciation: dih-stres/डिस्रे स
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
a. extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain. [Noun]
b. cause (someone) anxiety, sorrow, or
pain. [Verb]
• Synonyms: anguish, suffering
• Antonyms: comfort, pleasure
• Use in a Sentence: Jealousy causes
distress and painful emotions.
• Pronunciation: nee-jurk/नी जिट
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
a. (of a response) automatic and unthinking.
• Synonyms: natural, habitual
• Antonyms: crazy, strange
• Use in a Sentence: That was a knee-jerk
reaction on her part.
• Pronunciation: fawl-out/फॉलाउर्
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
a. the adverse results of a situation or
action.
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• Synonyms: consequence, outcome • Use in Sentence: The fall in demand for

• Antonyms: development coffee could cause a glut on/in the market.
• Use in Sentence: Nearly 100 employees 21. Word: (िैविध्यपूर्)ण
lost their jobs in the fallout.
• Pronunciation: brawd-beyst/िॉि र्ेस्ि
17. Word: Comply (स्िीकार करना)
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Pronunciation: kuhm-plahy/िम्प्लाइ • Meaning:
• Part of Speech: Verb a. wide-ranging; general
• Meaning: b. involving participation or support by a
a. act in accordance with a wish or broad spectrum of things or people:
command. • Synonyms: diverse, pervasive, all-
b. (of an article) meet specified standards. embracing
• Synonyms: observe, obey, adhere to, • Antonyms: duplicate, identical, similar,
conform to, follow, respect akin
• Antonyms: disobey, refuse, defy • Use in Sentence: With certain aims in
• Use in a Sentence: When requested to mind, the school operates a broad-based
leave, they refused to comply. curriculum.
18. Word: Curb (र्नयंत्रर् करना) 21. Word: Allegedly (कगथत रूप से)
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb • Pronunciation: uh-lej-id-lee/अलेस्जड्ली
• Pronunciation: kurb/िर्ट • Part of Speech: Adverb
• Meaning: a check or restraint on • Meaning:
something. a. used to convey that something is claimed
• Synonyms: inhibit, hinder to be the case or have taken place, although
• Antonyms: encourage, support there is no proof.
• Use in a Sentence: We are trying to keep a • Synonyms: reportedly, supposedly,
curb on their activities. reputedly, purportedly, ostensibly,
19. Word: Entitlement (पात्रता) apparently
• Antonyms: accurately, certainly, actually,
• Pronunciation: en-tahy-tl-ment/एन्गर्ाइर्ल्िन्गर्
exactly
• Part of Speech: Noun • Use in Sentence: He lost his job for
• Meaning: allegedly being incapable.
a. the fact of having a right to something.
22. Word: Reprimand (र्नंदा करना)
b. the amount to which a person has a right.
c. the belief that one is inherently deserving • Pronunciation: rep-ruh-mand/रे प्रीिान्गि
of privileges or special treatment. • Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
• Synonyms: prerogative, claim, allowance • Meaning:
• Antonyms: restriction, prohibition a.a formal expression of disapproval. [Noun]
• Use in Sentence: Successful applicants will b. address a reprimand (criticism) to. [Verb]
be able to build up entitlement to many • Synonyms: admonition, reproach, reproval,
benefits such as concessionary loans and scolding, censure
scholarships. • Antonyms: praise, commendation, reward,
20. Word: Glut (आगिक्य) applaud
• Use in a Sentence: The received a severe
• Pronunciation: gluht/्लर्
reprimand for his behaviour.
• Part of Speech: Noun, Verb
23. Word: Envisage (विचार करना)
• Meaning:
a. an excessively abundant supply of • Pronunciation: en-viz-ij/एस्न्गवस़्िज
something. [Noun] • Part of Speech: Verb
b. supply or fill to excess. [Verb] • Meaning: contemplate or conceive of as a
• Synonyms: surplus, excess, surfeit, possibility or a desirable future event.
superfluity, overabundance • Synonyms: imagine, visualize, conceive
• Antonyms: lack, abstain, dearth, suppress • Antonyms: unseen, undesirable

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• Use in Sentence: I can envisage • Antonyms: practical, realistic, calculable

difficulties if you continue with this policy.
24. Word: Overhaul (परू ी जााँच करके मरम्मत करना)
• Pronunciation: oh-ver-hawl/ओवर्ॉटल
• Part of Speech:
• Meaning:
a) take apart (a piece of machinery or
equipment) in order to examine it and repair
it if necessary. [Verb]
b) overtake (someone), especially in a
sporting event. [Verb]
c) a thorough examination of machinery or a
system, with repairs or changes made if
necessary. [Noun]
• Synonyms: repair, improve, refurbish
• Antonyms: break down, rupture
• Use in a Sentence: The machinery needs a
complete overhaul.
25. Word: Rechristen (नया नाम दे ना)
• Pronunciation: re-kris-uh n/रीकिसन
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: give a new name to.
• Synonyms: anabaptize, rebrand, rename
• Antonyms: become obsolete, outdate, stale
• Use in a Sentence: The owner
rechristened the restaurant name.
26. Word: Laudable (प्रशंसनीय)
• Pronunciation: law-duh-buh l/ लॉिर्ल
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: deserving praise and
commendation.
• Synonyms: praiseworthy, commendable,
admirable
• Antonyms: disgraceful, outrageous,
undeserving
• Use in a Sentence: My father's work for
charity is highly laudable.
27. Word: Visionary (अव्याििाररक)
• Pronunciation: vizh-uh-ner-ee/ववश़नेरी
• Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
• Meaning:
a. thinking about or planning the future with
imagination or wisdom. [Adjective]
b. relating to or having the ability to see
visions in a dream or trance, or as a
supernatural apparition. [Adjective]
c. a person with original ideas about what
the future will or could be like. [Noun]
• Synonyms: inspired, imaginative, creative,
inventive, insightful
• Use in a Sentence: The ideas of a
visionary may seem impractical to us.
28. Word: Mere (एकमात्र)
• Pronunciation: meer/िीर
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: used to emphasize how small or
insignificant someone or something is.
• Synonyms: sheer, scant, utter
• Antonyms: powerful, blighted
• Use in a Sentence: It was certainly more
to than this mere opportunism.
29. Word: Cater (आिश्यकताओं का ध्यान रखना)
• Pronunciation: key-ter/िैर्र
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
a. provide people with food and drink at a
social event or other gatherings.
b. provide with what is needed or required.
• Synonyms: oblige, serve, accommodate,
receive
• Antonyms: deprive, displeased, devoid
• Use in a Sentence: Schools cater all the
needs of their children.
30. Word: Radically (आिश्यक रूप से)
• Pronunciation: rad-ik-lee/रै डिक्ली
• Part of Speech: Adverb
• Meaning: in a thorough or fundamental
way; completely.
• Synonyms: extremely, absolutely, entirely
• Antonyms: moderately, superficially,
inconsiderably
• Use in a Sentence: The health service
must be radically reformed.
31. Word: Utter (अत्यन्त)
• Pronunciation: uht-er/अर्र
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: complete; absolute.
• Synonyms: thorough, perfect, total, sheer
• Antonyms: incomplete, uncertain, curtail,
neglect
• Use in a Sentence: The meeting was a
complete and utter waste of time.
32. Word: Fraught (व्याकुल)
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Pronunciation: frawt/फ्रॉर्
• Meaning: causing or affected by anxiety or
stress.
• Synonyms: anxious, diligent

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• Antonyms: devoid, calm
• Use in a Sentence: Their marriage has
been fraught with difficulties.
33. Word: Retreat (र्नर्णय बदलना)
• Pronunciation: ri-treet/रीरीर्
• Part of Speech: Verb/Noun
• Meaning:
a. an act of changing one's mind or plans as
a result of criticism or difficulty. [Noun]
b. (of an army) withdraw from enemy forces
as a result of their superior power or after a
defeat. [verb]
c. withdraw to a quiet or secluded place.
[verb]
• Synonyms: recede, depart
• Antonyms: remain, progression
• Use in a Sentence: The man made a
tactful retreat before they started arguing.
34. Word: Sanguine (विश्िासपूर्)ण
• Pronunciation: sang-gwin/सैंगववन
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
a. optimistic or positive, especially in an
apparently bad or difficult situation.
• Synonyms: hopeful, confident
• Antonyms: pessimistic, unhappy
• Use in Sentence: The man tends to take a
sanguine view of the problems involved.
35. Word: Benign (दयालु)
• Pronunciation: bih-nahyn/ब्रर्नाइन
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
a. gentle and kind.
b. (of a disease) not harmful in effect.
• Synonyms: benevolent, sympathetic
• Antonyms: hostile, malignant
• Use in a Sentence: The results of this
medicine are fairly benign.
36. Word: Notoriously (कुख्यात रूप से)
• Pronunciation: noh-tawr-ee-uh s-
lee/नोर्ोरीअस्ली
• Part of Speech: Adverb
• Meaning:
a. used to emphasize that a quality or fact,
typically a bad one, is well known.
• Synonyms: terribly, prominently
• Antonyms: generously, worthily
• Use in a Sentence: The television world
was a notoriously fickle one.
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37. Word: Whimsical (अद्िुत)
• Pronunciation: hwim-zi-kuh l/स्ह्वस्म्प़ििल
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
a. playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in
an appealing and amusing way.
b. acting or behaving in a capricious
manner.
• Synonyms: capricious, mischievous,
impulsive
• Antonyms: reasonable, ordinary
• Use in a Sentence: Much of his writing has
a whimsical quality.
38. Word: Flare-up (दं िा)
• Pronunciation: flair-up/फ्लेर अप
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: a sudden outburst of something,
especially violence or hostility.
• Synonyms: eruption, blaze, burst
• Antonyms: silence, pause, calm
• Use in a Sentence: There has been a
flare-up of violence in that area.
39. Word: Speculative (अव्यििायण)
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
a. engaged in, expressing, or based on
conjecture rather than knowledge.
b. (of an investment) involving a high risk of
loss.
• Pronunciation: spek-yuh-ley-tiv/स्पेक्यलेटर्व
• Synonyms: risky, uncertain, tentative
• Antonyms: definite, certain, proven
• Use in a Sentence: She had a speculative
glow in her eyes.
40. Word: Hedge (रोकना)
• Pronunciation: hej/र्े ज
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning:
a. limit or qualify (something) by conditions
or exceptions.
• Synonyms: evade, put off
• Antonyms: expose, release
• Use in a Sentence: Buying new flat may be
a hedge against inflation.
41. Word: Disservice (क्षर्त)
• Pronunciation: dis-sur-vis/डिस्सववटस
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
a. a harmful action.
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• Synonyms: unkindness, bad turn, ill turn, 46. Word: Demarcate (र्निाणररत करना)
disfavor, mischief;
• Antonyms: benevolence, benefit, • Pronunciation: dih-mahr-keyt/डििािेर्
advantage • Part of Speech: Noun
• Use in a Sentence: The man did his cause • Meaning:
great disservice by concealing the truth. a. to mark the limits or boundaries of
42. Word: Arbitrary (इच्छािीन) something
b. separate or distinguish from.
• Pronunciation: ahr-bi-trer-ee?आब्रर्टरेरी
• Synonyms: delimit, define, restrict, divide
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Antonyms: connect, join, align,
• Meaning: based on random choice or
amalgamate
personal whim, rather than any reason or
• Use in a Sentence: Transparency will
system.
demarcate the value creators and
• Synonyms: irrational, inconsistent, freakish
destroyers.
• Antonyms: reasonable, circumspect,
objective 47. Word: Entails (के भलए आिश्यक िोना)
• Use in a Sentence: Her supposition was • Pronunciation: en-teyl/एन्गर्ै ल
arbitrary, based on no valid proof.
• Part of Speech: Verb, Noun
43. Word: Leeway (िुंजाइश) • Meaning:
• Pronunciation: lee-wey/ लीवै a. involve (something) as a necessary or
• Part of Speech: Noun inevitable part or consequence. [Verb]
• Meaning: the amount of freedom to move b. a limitation of the inheritance of property
or act that is available. to certain heirs over a number of
• Synonyms: space, range, extent generations. [Noun]
• Antonyms: adjust, embargo, hallway • Synonyms: necessitates, requires,
• Use in a Sentence: I have got a lot of demands
leeways to make up things. • Antonyms:
44. Word: Anticipation (अग्रदृष्टि) • Use in Sentence: This project entails a lot
• Pronunciation: an-tis-uh-pey-shuh n/ऐस्न्गर्सपैशन of hard work.
• Part of Speech: Noun 48. Word: Perennially (र्नरं तर)
• Meaning: • Pronunciation: puh-ren-ee-uh l-y/परे नीअली
a. the action of anticipating something;
expectation or prediction. • Part of Speech: Adverb
• Synonyms: hope, forethought, • Meaning:
apprehension a. in a way that continues for a long or
• Antonyms: amazement, surprise, apparently infinite time; permanently.
astonishment • Synonyms: everlastingly, constantly
• Use in Sentence: We look forward to your • Antonyms: never, briefly
lecture with eager anticipation. • Use in a Sentence: We want to know what
45. Word: Onset (प्रारं ि) is perennially new about the world.
• Pronunciation: on-set/ऑन्गसेर् 49. Word: Fracas (कोलािल)
• Part of Speech: Noun • Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: • Meaning: a noisy disagreement or
a. the beginning of something, especially commotions
something unpleasant. • Pronunciation: fra-cas/फ्रैिस
• Synonyms: start, arrival, (first)
• Synonyms: disturbance, quarrel, scuffle,
appearance, opening
brawl, affray, tussle
• Antonyms: conclusion, end, destination,
• Antonyms: agreement, calm, harmony
cessation
• Use in Sentence: Her first hit record • Use in a Sentence: The husband and wife
marked the onset of an astonishing career. were fined by the judge for starting a fracas
in court.

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50. Word: Gamut (सारे पिलू)
• Pronunciation: gam-uh t/गैिर्
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: the complete range or scope of
something.
• Synonyms: spectrum, scale, series
• Antonyms: individual, angle
• Use in a Sentence: College life opened up
a whole gamut of new experiences.
51. Word: Minuscule (बिुत सूक्ष्म)
• Pronunciation: min-uh-skyool/मिनस्क्यूल
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: extremely small; tiny.
• Synonyms: diminutive, little
• Antonyms: huge, gigantic
• Use in a Sentence: The chances of getting
the disease are minuscule.
52. Word: Redressal (सुिार करना)
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
a. Act of correcting an error or a fault or an
evil
b. A sum of money paid in compensation for
loss or injury
• Pronunciation: redress-al
• Synonyms: redress, remedy, remediation,
amends
• Antonyms: damage, blighted, wrong
• Use in a Sentence: The Manager shall keep
record of complaints and the redressal
actions by the branch.
53. Word: Extraneous (असम्बद्ि)
• Pronunciation: ik-strey-nee-uhs/एक्स्रै नीअस
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
a. irrelevant or unrelated to the subject
being dealt with.
b. of external origin.
• Synonyms: irrelevant, immaterial, extrinsic
• Antonyms: appropriate, pertinent
• Use in a Sentence: We shall ignore factors
extraneous to the problem.
54. Word: Midst (मध्यष्स्थर्त)
• Part of Speech: Noun, Preposition
• Pronunciation: /मिड्स्र्
• Meaning:
a. the middle part or point. [Noun]
b. in the middle of. [Preposition]
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• Synonyms: amid, center, heart, mean
• Antonyms: outside, edge, border
• Use in a Sentence: The house is set in the
midst of large gardens.
55. Word: Retrograde (प्रर्तिामी)
• Part of Speech: Adjective, Noun
• Meaning:
a. directed or moving backwards. [Adjective]
b. reverting to an earlier and inferior
condition. [Adjective]
c. go back in position or time. [Noun]
• Pronunciation: re-truh-greyd/रे रग्रैि
• Synonyms: reverse, rearward, regressive,
downhill,
• Antonyms: progress, advance, modern
• Use in a Sentence: The closure of the
factories is seen as a retrograde step.
56. Word: Ire (क्रोि)
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: anger
• Pronunciation: ahyuhr/आइर
• Synonyms: outrage, temper, rage, fury,
wrath
• Antonyms: happiness, calmness, amiability
• Use in a Sentence: He snares ire my
troubles as well as in my joys.
57. Word: Embolden (सािस दे ना)
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Pronunciation: em-bohl-duh n/एम्पर्ोल्िन
• Meaning: give (someone) the courage or
confidence to do something.
• Synonyms: encourage, inspire, fortify
• Antonyms: discourage, dishearten
• Use in a Sentence: His success
emboldened him to develop his business.
58. Word: Inordinate (अत्यगिक)
• Pronunciation: in-awr-dn-it/इनॉिटननर्
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning:
a. unusually or disproportionately large;
excessive.
b. (of a person) unrestrained in feelings or
behaviour.
• Synonyms: outrageous, exorbitant,
unreasonable
• Antonyms: perfectionist, modest, moderate
• Use in a Sentence: They spent an
inordinate quantity of time and money on
the production.
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59. Word: Vigil (जाित

ृ िोना)
• Pronunciation: vij-uh l/ववजल
• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning:
a. wakefulness maintained for any reason
during the normal hours for sleeping.
b. a watch or a period of watchful attention
maintained at night or at other times
• Synonyms: vigilance, observance
• Antonyms: inattentiveness, sleep
• Use in a Sentence: My father told the
gatekeeper to keep vigil.
60. Word: Desist (बंद कर दे ना)
• Pronunciation: dih-zist/डिमसस्र्
• Part of Speech: Verb
• Meaning: stop doing something; cease or
abstain.
• Synonyms: abstain, refrain, forbear
• Antonyms: continue, endure, resume
• Use in a Sentence: The warriors have been
ordered to desist from shooting their rifles.
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