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X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 to 10 nanometers. They were discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen, who named them X-rays to signify an unknown type of radiation. X-rays are classified as either soft or hard X-rays based on their ability to penetrate matter. Hard X-rays can penetrate solids and liquids while soft X-rays cannot penetrate deeply. The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed over time as different sources of radiation were discovered.
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 to 10 nanometers. They were discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen, who named them X-rays to signify an unknown type of radiation. X-rays are classified as either soft or hard X-rays based on their ability to penetrate matter. Hard X-rays can penetrate solids and liquids while soft X-rays cannot penetrate deeply. The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed over time as different sources of radiation were discovered.
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 to 10 nanometers. They were discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen, who named them X-rays to signify an unknown type of radiation. X-rays are classified as either soft or hard X-rays based on their ability to penetrate matter. Hard X-rays can penetrate solids and liquids while soft X-rays cannot penetrate deeply. The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed over time as different sources of radiation were discovered.
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays
have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma rays. In many languages, X- radiation is called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Correct spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s) and X ray(s). XRAY is used as the phonetic pronunciation for the letter x. X-rays up to about 10 keV (10 to 0.10 nm wavelength) are classified as "soft" X- rays, and from about 10 to greater than 120 keV (0.10 to 0.01 nm wavelength) as "hard" X-rays, due to their penetrating abilities. Hard X-rays can penetrate some solids and liquids, and all uncompressed gases, and their most common use is to image of the inside of objects in diagnostic radiography and crystallography. As a result, the term X- ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. By contrast, soft X-rays hardly penetrate matter at all; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer. The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed in recent decades. Originally, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes had a longer wavelength than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei (gamma rays). Older literature distinguished between X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength, with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10−11 m, defined as gamma rays. However, as shorter wavelength continuous spectrum "X-ray" sources such as linear accelerators and longer wavelength "gamma ray" emitters were discovered, the wavelength bands largely overlapped. The two types of radiation are now usually distinguished by their origin: X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus. However, like all electromagnetic radiation, the properties of X-rays (or gamma rays) depend only on their wavelength and polarization (or, in a polychromatic beam, the distributions of wavelength and polarization).
Raio X
Radiação X (composto de raios-X) é uma forma de radiação electromagnética.
Os raios X têm um comprimento de onda na gama de 0,01 a 10 nanómetros, correspondendo a frequências na gama petahertz 30-30 exahertz (3 × 1016 Hz a 3 × 1019 Hz) e energias no eV gama de 100 a 100 keV. Eles são mais curtos no comprimento de onda que os raios UV e mais do que os raios gama. Em muitas línguas, X-radiação é chamada radiação Röntgen, depois de Wilhelm Röntgen, [1], que é geralmente creditado como seu descobridor, e que tinha chamado ele de radiação-X para significar um tipo desconhecido de radiação. [2] grafia correta do X de raios-(s) no idioma Inglês inclui as variantes de raios-x (s) e de raios X (s). [3] XRAY é usado como a pronunciação fonética para a letra x. Os raios X até cerca de 10 keV (10-0,10 nm) são classificados como "leves" raios-X, e de cerca de 10 a maior do que 120 keV (0,10-0,01 nm) como "duras" raios-X, devido ao seu poder de penetração. [4] Os raios X duros pode penetrar alguns sólidos e líquidos, e todos os gases comprimidos, e sua utilização mais comum é a imagem do interior de objectos em diagnóstico radiográfico e cristalografia. Como resultado, o termo de raios-X é metonimicamente utilizado para se referir a uma imagem radiográfica produzidos utilizando este método, para além do método em si. Em contraste, macio raios-X dificilmente penetrar na matéria em tudo, o comprimento de atenuação de 600 eV (~ 2 nm) raios-X em água é inferior a 1 micrómetro [5]. A distinção entre raios X e raios gama mudou nas últimas décadas. Originalmente, a radiação electromagnética emitida pelos raios-X tubos tinham um comprimento de onda maior do que a radiação emitida pelos núcleos radioactivos (raios gama). [6] literatura mais antiga distinguidos entre a radiação X e gama com base no comprimento de onda, com radiação mais curto do que alguns comprimento de onda arbitrária, como 10-11 m, definida como raios gama. [7] No entanto, como menor comprimento de onda do espectro contínuo "X-ray" fontes como aceleradores lineares e comprimento de onda de raios gama "emissores foram descobertas, as faixas de comprimento de onda em grande parte sobrepostas. Os dois tipos de radiação são agora normalmente identificados por sua origem:. Raios-X são emitidos por elétrons fora do núcleo, enquanto os raios gama são emitidos pelo núcleo [6] [8] [9] [10] No entanto, como todos eletromagnética radiação, as propriedades de raios-X ou raios gama () depende apenas do comprimento de onda e de polarização (ou, em um feixe policromático, as distribuições de comprimento de onda e de polarização).