1
WI-FI TECHNOLOGIES
Alex Xavier A, UG Student, SA Engineering college, Sakthibalan S, UG Student, SA Engineering
college
 Talkie can receive the transmission with its antenna, decode
Abstract— Technology is making rapid progress and is making
many things easier. As the innovative thinking of persons is
increasing day-by-day, new methods for wireless networking
have been evolved of which our present topic Wi-Fi is the most
accepted technology. Wi-Fi, an acronym for Wireless-Fidelity
which is the wireless way to handle networking. The main aim of
this paper is wireless networking achieved by Wi-Fi. This paper
introduces Wi-Fi technology and states the history of this
technology in brief. We then deal with the different ways of
wireless networking, connecting Wi-Fi and with Wi-Fi security.
This paper concludes with the pros and cons of this technology
and its future.
Index Terms—Networking, Technology, Wireless,
I. INTRODUCTION
Wi-Fi, an acronym for "Wireless Fidelity", is a set
of product compatibility standards for Wireless Local Area
Networks (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 specifications.
Wi-Fi was intended to be used for mobile devices and LANs,
but is now often used for Internet access. It enables a person
with a wireless-enabled computer or personal digital assistant
(PDA) to connect to the Internet when in proximity of an
access point.
Wireless Fidelity is the wireless way to handle
networking. It is also known as 802.11
networking and wireless networking. Using this technology
we can connect computers anywhere in a home or office
without the need of any wires. The computers connect to the
network using radio signals, and they can be up to 100 feet or
so apart.
Wi-Fi allows to connect to the internet from
virtually anywhere at speeds of up to 54Mbps.The computers
and handsets enabled with this technology use radio
technologies based on the IEEE 802.11 standard to send and
receive data anywhere within the range of a base station.
Wi-Fi goes beyond wirelessly connecting
computers, it also connects people.
II. WIRELESS NETWORK
A. Wi-Fi’s Walkie-Talkie Network
To understand the wireless technology let us consider a pair of
Walkie-Talkies. These are small radios that can transmit and
receive radio signals. When we talk into a Walkie-Talkie, our
voice is picked up by a microphone, encoded onto a radio
frequency and transmitted with the antenna. Another Walkie-
our voice from the radio signal and drive a speaker. Simple
Walkie-Talkies like this transmit at signal strength of about
0.25 watts, and they can transmit about 500 to 1,000 feet. If
we want to connect two computers together in a network using
Walkie-Talkie technology:
1) Equip each computer with a Walkie-Talkie.
2) Give each computer a way to set whether it wants to
transmit or receive.
3) Give the computer a way to turn its binary 1s and 0s
into two different beeps that the walkie-talkie could
transmit and receive and convert back and forth
between beeps and 1s/0s.
This would actually work. The only problem would be that the
data rate would be very slow. Walkie-talkie is designed to
handle the human voice. So it is not being able to send very
much data in this way (may be 1,000 bits per second).
Any products tested and approved as "Wi-Fi
Certified" by the Wi-Fi Alliance are certified as interoperable
with each other, even if they are from different manufacturers.
A user with a "Wi-Fi Certified" product can use any brand of
access point with any other brand of client hardware that also
is certified. Typically, however, any Wi-Fi product using the
same radio frequency (for example, 2.4GHz for 802.11b or
11g, 5GHz for 802.11a) will work with any other, even if not
"Wi-Fi Certified."
B. Wi-Fi's Radio Technology
The radios used in Wi-Fi are not so different from
the radios used in walkie-talkies. There are three big
differences between Wi-Fi radios and Walkie-talkies.
 Wi-Fi radios that work with the 802.11b and 802.11g
standards transmit at 2.4 GHz, while those that
comply with the 802.11a standard transmit at 5 GHz.
Normal walkie-talkies normally operate at 49 MHz.
The higher frequency allows higher data rates.
 Wi-Fi radios use much more efficient coding
techniques that also contribute to the much higher
data rates. For 802.11a and 802.11g, the technique is
known as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
(OFDM). For 802.11b, it is called Complementary
Code Keying (CCK).
 The radios used for Wi-Fi have the ability to change
frequencies. 802.11b cards can transmit directly on
any of three bands, or they can split the available
radio bandwidth into dozens of channels
and frequency hop rapidly between them. The
advantage of frequency hopping is that it is much
more immune to interference and can allow dozens of

Wi-Fi cards to talk simultaneously without
interfering with each other.
C. Wi-Fi Security
Data Security /Encryption
 Third Party solution-Fortress
 Wi-FI protected Access(WPA)
 Wired Equivalent privacy (WEP)-shared key.
Access
 WPA/WEP
 Close system-No advertising
 Mac Authentication –Mac address control
Attack-Denial of service
Client protection
Antivirus/Firewall
Wi-Fi hotspots can be open or secure. If a
hotspot is open, then anyone with a Wi-Fi card can access the
hotspot. If it is secure, then the user needs to know a WEP
key to connect.
III. HOTSPOT IN HOME
A. Setting up a Hot-spot in Home
It is very easy to set up a Wi-Fi hotspot in home. It can be
done in one of the two ways:
 If there are several computers hooked together on an
Ethernet network and want to add a wireless hotspot
to the mix, purchase a Wireless Access Point and
plug it into the Ethernet network.
 If it is the first time to set up a network in home, or
to upgrading, buy a Wireless Access Point Router.
This is a single box that contains: 1) a port to connect
to cable modem or DSL modem, 2) a router, 3)
an Ethernet hub, 4) a firewall and 5) a wireless
access point. Connect the computers to this box either
with traditional Ethernet cables or with wireless
cards.
Either way once turns our Wireless Access Point on; there is a
Wi-Fi hotspot in house. In a typical home, the new hotspot
will provide coverage for about 100 feet (30.5 meters) in all
directions, although walls and floors do cut down on the
range. Even so, we get good coverage throughout a typical
home. For a large home, buy inexpensive signal boosters to
increase the range of the Hotspot.
IV. ADVANTAGES OF WI-FI
1. Wi-Fi is a core technology in GPS Industries Applications.
2. Wi-Fi technology available in hotels, airports, etc., will be
more inclined to bring laptop with us when traveling for
personal reasons.
3. Frees network devices from cables, allows for a more
dynamic network to be grown.
Changes the way people live, communicate, work and play.
2
4. Many reliable and bug-free Wi-Fi products on the market
5. It helps to become more productive at home, like online
shopping and banking;
6. Wi-Fi technology allows getting out of home office and
working in other rooms.
V. DISADVANTAGES OF WI-FI
1. The 802.11b and 802.11g flavors of Wi-Fi use the 2.4 GHz
spectrum, which is crowded with other devices such as
Bluetooth, microwave ovens, cordless phones, or video sender
devices, among many others.
2. Power consumption is fairly high compared to other
standards, making battery life and heat a concern.
3. It is not always configured properly by users
VI. FUTURE
There will be a requirement for technologies such as
WLAN in this application. In the cellular terminal market
there is room to accommodate numerous wireless technologies
and a feature set incorporating WLAN looks likely to be
adopted in around 25% of terminals by 2009.For the WLAN
market, the notebook/laptop is proving to be one of the most
important growth areas for the technology. IMS Research has
predicted WLAN penetration into notebooks will be in excess
of 90% by 2007.Generate more revenue as wireless internet
access attracting more business customers, corporate events
and outlines.
VII. CONCLUSION
As Wi-Fi is now shipped in millions of products and deployed
in millions of homes, business and hotspots worldwide, the
technology has moved beyond the realm of a computer
feature. Wi-Fi has fast become a cultural phenomenon.
REFERENCES
[1] Zhao Xin. Global WIFI users have reached 700 million, [j].
The people's post and telecommunications, 2011 (9) 35-36,
in Chinese.
[2] Yang Haoyu. WIFI technology and development [j]. Silicon
Valley, (2010) 126-131, in Chinese.
[3] International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2015 1 ISSN 2250-
3153
AUTHORS
FIRST AUTHOR – ALEX XAVIER A
Third Year student
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
SA Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu
Email-antonyalex1998@gmail.com
SECOND AUTHOR – SAKTHIBALAN S
Third Year student
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
SA Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu
3