1) Refers to the degree with
which correct inferences can be
made from the results of a
research study.
The degree to which a test
measure what it intends to
measure or the truthfulness of
the response.
validity
5) Type of threat to validity
that occurs before the study/
A study of the effectiveness of
a new method for teaching a
unit on the biology of a cell,
many watched a television
documentary about “the cell”
Previous history
9) is concerned with the
effects
on the outcome of a study of
the inconsistent use of a
measurement instrument (what
the instrument (what the
instrument is measuring
changes during the duration of
the study)
instrumentation
13) occurs when there is a
differential loss of respondents
from the comparison groups
Experimental mortality
2) Refers to the extent to
which the results of a research
study are able to be generalized
confidently to a group larger
than the group that participated
in the study.
External validity
6) – type of threat to validity
that occurs during the study
Studying the effectiveness of
using musical activities to
teach mathematics concepts.
While one teacher uses the
standard curriculum, another
teacher is using the musical
activities curriculum.
Concurrent history
10) refers to the tendency
of extreme scores to move (or
regress) toward the mean score
on subsequent retesting.
Statistical regression
14) – is a group of people
who share
common characteristics or
experience within the defined
period of time.
cohort
3) Refers to the extent to
which the results obtained in a
research study are a function of
the variables that were
systematically manipulated,
measured, and /or observed in
the study.
Internal validity
7) – pertains to any changes
that occur
in the subjects during the
course of the study that are not
part of the study and that might
affect the results of the study.
Maturation
11) refers to the loss of
subjects from a
study due to their initial non
availability or subsequent
withdrawal from the study.
Mortality
15) – is a type of analytical
study which is undertaken to
obtain additional evidence to
refute or support existence of
association between suspected
cause and diseases.
Cohort study
4) – refers to the occurrence of
events that could alter the
outcome or the results of
a study.
History
8) relates to the possible
effects of a
pretest on the performance of
participants in a study on the
posttest
 May alert subjects to the
fact that they are being studied
 May affect performance on
later administrations
Testing
12) pertains to the
possibility that
groups in a study may possess
different characteristics and
that those differences may
affect the results.
Selection
16) A study design where
one or more samples (called
cohorts) are followed
prospectively and subsequent
status evaluations with respect
to a disease or outcome are
conducted to determine which
initial participants exposure
characteristics (risk factors) are
associated with it. As the study
is conducted, outcome from
participants in each cohort is
measured and relationships
with specific characteristics
determined
Cohort study