Measure of Central Tendency and Dispersion

GROUPED AND UNGROUPED DATA

By
Uzma Nosheen
MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

 A measure of central tendency is a number used

to represent the center or middle of a set of data
values.

There are three main measures of central

tendency: mean, median and mode.
MEASURE OF DISPERSION

 A measure of dispersion is a statistic that tells you

how dispersed, or spread out, data values are.
 One simple measure of dispersion is the range,
which is the difference between the greatest and
least data values.
 Other measures of dispersion include standard
deviation and variance.
UNGROUPED DATA

 Definition:
 Has not been summarized in any way.
 Also called raw data.

 Example:
 Given below are marks obtained by 20 students in
Math out of 25.
 21, 23, 19, 17, 12, 15, 15, 17, 17, 19, 23, 23, 21, 23,
25, 25, 21, 19, 19, 19
UNGROUPED DATA

 Mean:
 Mean for ungrouped data is obtained by dividing the
sum of all the values by total number of values in the
data set.
MEAN OF UNGROUPED DATA
 Example:
 The runs scored in a cricket match by 11 players is as
follows:
 6, 15, 120, 50, 100, 80, 10, 15, 8, 10, 15
 Arranging the data in ascending order,
 6, 8, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 50, 80, 100, 120
 Mean=6+8+10+10+15+15+15+50+80+100+120
11
 Mean=429/11=39
MEDIAN OF UNGROUPED DATA

 Median is the middle observation of data

arranged in ascending or descending order.
MEDIAN OF UNGROUPED DATA
 Example:
 Using the previous example
 Data of cricket match score of 11 players arranged in ascending order
 6, 8, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 50, 80, 100, 120
 As here n is odd
MODE OF UNGROUPED DATA

 Mode is the observation which occurs most

number of times in the data.
 Example:
 Data of cricket match score of 11 players arranged in
ascending order
 6, 8, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 50, 80, 100, 120

 Hence mode is 15.

RANGE OF UNGROUPED DATA
 The difference between the highest and the lowest observation of a
data is called Range of the data.
 It gives us an idea of the spread of the observations.
 Arrange the data in ascending order, then find the difference
between highest and lowest observation.
 Example:
 Data of cricket match score of 11 players arranged in ascending order
 6, 8, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 50, 80, 100, 120
 Range=Highest observation-lowest observation
 Range=120-6=114
VARIANCE & STANDARD DEVIATION OF
UNGROUPED DATA
 Standard deviation is only used to measure spread or
dispersion around the mean of a data set.
 Standard deviation is never negative.
 In general, a lower value of the standard deviation
for a data set indicates that the values of that data set
are spread over a relatively smaller range around the
mean.
 In contrast, a larger value of the standard deviation
for a data set indicates that the values of that data set
are spread over a relatively larger range around the
mean.
VARIANCE & STANDARD DEVIATION OF
UNGROUPED DATA
 The variance calculated for population data is
denoted by σ² (read as sigma squared), and the
variance calculated for sample data is denoted by
s².
 The standard deviation calculated for population
data is denoted by σ, and the standard deviation
calculated for sample data is denoted by s.
VARIANCE & STANDARD DEVIATION OF
UNGROUPED DATA
 Basic Formulas for the Variance and Standard
Deviation for Ungrouped Data
EXAMPLE OF VARIANCE & STANDARD
DEVIATION OF UNGROUPED DATA
 Data of cricket match score of 11 players
arranged in ascending order
 6, 8, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 50, 80, 100, 120

 Mean already calculated of the data is 39 hence

x̅ = 39
EXAMPLE OF VARIANCE & STANDARD
DEVIATION OF UNGROUPED DATA
x x- x̅ (x- x̅ ) 2
6 6-39=-33 1089
8 8-39=-31 961
10 10-39=-29 841
10 10-39=-29 841
15 15-39=-24 576
15 15-39=-24 576
15 15-39=-24 576
50 50-39=11 121
80 80-39=41 1681
100 100-39=61 3721
120 120-39=81 6561
∑(x- x̅ ) 2 = 17544
EXAMPLE OF VARIANCE & STANDARD
DEVIATION OF UNGROUPED DATA
EXAMPLE OF VARIANCE & STANDARD
DEVIATION OF UNGROUPED DATA
 The square root of variance provides standard
deviation.
GROUPED DATA

 Definition:
 Such data is given in intervals.

 It is organized or classified into classes after data

analysis.
GROUPED DATA
RANGE OF GROUPED DATA

 In the case of grouped data, the range is the

difference between the upper boundary of the
highest class and the lower boundary of the
lowest class.

Here xm= the upper class boundary of the highest class

x0= and the lower class boundary of the lowest class
RANGE OF GROUPED DATA
No. of Order Class Boundaries f
10-12 9.5-12.5 4
13-15 12.5-15.5 12
16-18 15.5-18.5 20
19-21 18.5-21.5 14

Here xm= 21.5

x0= 9.5

Hence
Range= 21.5-9.5
Range=12
GROUPED DATA
GROUPED DATA
No. of Class f 𝓍 f𝓍 Cumulative
Order Boundaries Frequency

10-12 9.5-12.5 4 11 44 4
13-15 12.5-15.5 12 14 168 4+12=16
16-18 15.5-18.5 20 17 340 16+20=36
19-21 18.5-21.5 14 20 280 36+14=50
Total 50
Class Median = (n/2)th item= 50/2 = 25th item
GROUPED DATA
GROUPED DATA
VARIANCE OF GROUPED DATA
No. of Order f 𝓍 f𝓍 𝓍2 f𝓍2
10-12 4 11 44 121 484
13-15 12 14 168 196 2352
16-18 20 17 340 289 5780
19-21 14 20 280 400 5600
Total 50 ∑f𝓍=832 ∑f𝓍2=14216
VARIANCE OF GROUPED DATA
STANDARD DEVIATION OF GROUPED
DATA
 REFERENCES
 https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/measures-
central-tendency-mean-mode-median.php
 https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/a3121120.nsf/home/sta
tistical+language+-+measures+of+central+tendency
 https://www.emathzone.com/tutorials/basic-
statistics/concept-of-mode.html
 https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/frequency-grouped-
mean-median-mode.html
 https://www.wrps.org/faculty/MormanSJ/cms_files/assign
ment_attach/997/Measures%20of%20Central%20Tendenc
y%20and%20Dispersion.pdf
 REFERENCES
 https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/gr
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statistics/range-and-coefficient-of-range.html
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grouped-data/
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 http://natalieleighestrada.blogspot.com/2012/
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 https://www.math-only-math.com/frequency-
distribution-of-ungrouped-and-grouped-
data.html
 https://www.ck12.org/statistics/ungrouped-
data-to-find-the-mean/lesson/Ungrouped-Data-
to-Find-the-Mean-BSC-PST/
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/5695603/

 https://www.asu.edu/courses/mat142ej/readi
ngs/Statistics.pdf
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/10440527/
 https://www.slideshare.net/AtiqRehman15/diff
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