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Kultur Dokumente
The process of planning and managing a firm's longterm investments
Capital Structure
The mixture of debt and equity maintained by a firm
Sole proprietorship
A business owned by a single individual
Corporation
A business created as a distinct legal entity composed of one or more individuals
or entities
Agency problem
The possibility of conflict of interest between the stockholders and management
of a firm
Stakeholder
Someone other than a stockholder or creditor who potentially has a claim on the
cash flows of the firm
Sole proprietorship's advantages
Easiest to start
Least regulated
Taxed once on earned profits
Sole proprietorship's disadvantages
Life limited to owner's life willingness to remain in business
Capital and debt financing restricted to owner's personal wealth and personal
contacts
Unlimited personal liability for business suits
Partnership
Direct ownership by two or more entities who enter into a contractual relationship
General Partners
Share in profits
Make management decisions
Limited partners
Share profits
DO NOT make management decisions
Partnership's Advantages
More owners and larger entity size to tap a greater pool of personal wealth and
personal contacts for financing
Taxed once on allocated earned profits
Partnership's disadvantages
Life limited to partners' lives or willingness to remain contractually bound
together
must maintain a consensus among contractually equal partners
General Partners: unlimited personal liability for business suits
Corporation's advantages
Greatest access to capital and credit debt financial markets
Unlimited life
Liability limited to corporate entity's resources
Corporation's disadvantages
Double taxation, corporation taxed on profits and stockholders taxed on
dividends distributed
Agency problem of conflicting interest between owners and managers
Most regulated form of business
Assets
items of value owned or controlled by company (resources)
Liquidity
ease of converting to cash without a significant loss in value to pay current
operating debt
Present in order of Liquidity
Cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, and supplies
Lower financial stress
Lower return on less risky assets
Higher liquidity means
Fixed assets
physical assets providing economic benefits of more than one yearlife