CLASS: 6th

SUBJECT: SCIENCE
WRITTEN BY: WAQAR ULLAH

Chapter 01:
Multicellular Organization of Plant and Animals
Q. 1) Define Cell?
Ans) Cell: Cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organism. The word cell is
derived from “Latin” word “Cellula” which means “empty room”. Cell was first discovered by
English Scientist Robert Hooke in 1665.

Q. 2) Describe different organelles of cell?

Ans) The following are the different organelles of cell,

1. Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm is a water containing substance. It contains 90% water. It is also

called cytosol.
2. Nucleus: It is the brain of the cell. It control all function of cell.
3. Cell wall: It is present in plant cell. It is composed of cellulose, it protect the cell.
4. Cell membrane: It is present both in plant and in animals. It is 7nm thick, it help in
transport.
5. Vacuole: It is fluid filled inside fluid called cell sap. It has salt, sugar etc.

Q. 3) What is unicellular and multicellular organism?

Ans) Unicellular: Those organisms which are composed of only one cells called unicellular.

e.g Amoeba, Eagelina etc.

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Multicellular: Those organisms which are composed of many cells are called multicellular
organism. e.g. Human, Animals, Plants etc.

Q.4) What is the difference b/w Plant and Animal cells.

Ans)
Plant Cell Animal Cell
i) Nucleus are present at one side due to Nucleus are present in the center of cell
large vacuole
ii) Cell wall is present in plant cell There is no cell wall in animal cell
iii) Cell membrane is the second layer after In animal cell membrane is the first layer
cell wall
iv) It has a chlorophyll No chlorophyll
v) It have one large central vacuole It has many small vacuole
vi) It have no centrioles It has centrioles.
CHAPTER NO: 02
Sense Organs
Q. 1) Describe the structure of human eye?
Ans) Human eye consist of eye ball. It is spherical, it is present in skull. It protect by eyelid.

Human eye is composed of three parts.

1) Sclerotic: It is the outer white part of the eye. This layer bulges in front to from
transparent structure called cornea under the cornea colored part called iris. An Iris there
is a small opening called pupil. Behind the pupil lens are present.
2) Choroid: It is the middle layer of eye. It is black in color.
3) Retina: It is the inner most layer of eye, it is made up of sensory cell image is formed on
Retina. Rod and cones are sensory cell in Retina.

Q. 2) Classify the test buds on tongue on the bases of tastes?

Ans) Tongue is the sense organ of taste. It is fleshy organ, the taste buds for sweet taste lie at
the tip of tongue. The taste buds for bitter taste at the back of tongue. The taste buds for sour and
salty taste lie on the side of tongue.

Q. 3) Explain the mechanism of hearing?

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Ans) Sound waves are collect by pinna. It carries them to the canal. Sound strikes to the ear
drum which causes vibration in ear drum. From ear drum it possesses three bones in middle ear
and from hears to cochlea. From cochlea it possess to brain by auditory nerve.

CHAPTER NO: 03
Photosynthesis & Respiration in Plants
Q. 1) What is the importance of photosynthesis?
Ans) Photosynthesis: It is the process in which plants utilizes Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water
in the presences of sunlight and chlorophyll to prepare carbohydrate like glucose.
Sun Light, Chlorophyll
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2 (Oxygen)

Photosynthesis is very important for life because all organisms are directly or indirectly
dependent on green plants. The Oxygen produced in photosynthesis is very necessary for all
living things.

Q. 2) What is respiration?
Ans) It is the process in which food (Glucose) is broken down to release energy into CO 2 and
H2O etc.

C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2 (Oxygen) CO2 + H2O + Energy

Q. 3) Differentiate b/w photosynthesis and respiration?

Ans)

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 Photosynthesis Respiration

i) It occur in the presence of light and It occur all time in animal and in plants
chlorophyll in plant cell
ii) It require energy to make glucose Release energy from glucose

iii) Glucose is formed Glucose is broken down

iv) CO2 + H2O are raw materials CO2 + H2O are waste product

v) Oxygen is given out Oxygen is taken in.

CHAPTER NO: 04
Environment and Interaction
Q. 1) Define ecosystem? Write its components?

Ans) Eco-system: The interaction b/w living organism and nan living thing is called eco-
system

Components: There are two component of eco-system

1) Biotec components: All living organism are called biotec components of ecosystem e.g
all animals and plants
2) Abiotic components: All non-living thin are called abiotic components of ecosystem, eg
Light, air, fire, soil etc

Q. 2) Define producer, consumer and decomposer?

Ans)

(1) Producers: Those organisms which can prepare their own food are called producer e.g. all
green plants.

(2) Consumers: Those organism which feed on or depends on producer are called consumer e.g.
Fox, Lion, Eagle, Frog etc.
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(3) Decomposers: Decomposer are the cleaner of the environment the dead bodies of the plants
and animals e.g. Bacteria, Fungi.

Q. 3) Explain parasitism with example?

Ans) Parasite is an organism which lives on or in the body of living organism. They get
nourishment from its tissue and causes harm to it. The organism on which or in which parasite
lives called host.

The relationship b/w parasite and host is called parasitism. e.g.

i) Mosquito feed on human blood,

ii) Lice on human body.

Q. 4) Explain production and mutualism?

Ans) Production: The relationship b/w predator and prey is called production.

e.g. Lion kill the deer and feeds on it. Lion is predation and deer is pray.

Mutualism: The relationship b/w unrelated organism in which both are benefited and none of
them is harmed. e.g. Bacteria in our intestine prepare vitamin “K” for us which help in blood
clotting.

CHAPTER NO: 05
Atoms, Molecules, Mixture and Compounds
Q. 1) Define an element and compound?
Ans) Element: The pure form of matter is called element. It is composed of one kind of atom.
Short name of an element is called symbol e.g. “C” stand for Carbon and “H” stand for
Hydrogen.

Compound: It is a form of matter which is made up of two or more element in fixed ratio is
called compound e.g. Water (H2O) is a compound in which two atom of hydrogen and one atom
of oxygen combine to form water.

Q. 2) What are the properties of metals?

Ans) The following properties of metals are given below

i) Metals are solid at room temperature except mercury which is liquid.

ii) Metals have high density.
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 iii) Metals have shining surface.
iv) Metals have high melting and boiling point.
v) Metals have good conductors of heat and electricity.

Q. 3) What are the properties of non-metals?

Ans)

1) These are mostly or gases except bromine which is liquid.

2) Non-metals have low density.
3) It has a dull surface.
4) Non- metals has low melting and boiling points.
5) These are non-ductile.

Q. 4) Define mixture and sublimation?

Ans) Mixture: The impure from of matter is called mixture. It is formed when two or more
elements or compound are physically mixed together in any proportion e.g.

i) Ice cream is a mixture of milk and sugar.

ii) Air is a mixture of different gasses.

Sublimation: It is the process in which the solid are directly changed into gas or vapour without
passing to liquid state e.g. Iodine, ammonium chloride etc.

Q. 5) Define filtration and distillation?

Ans) Filtration: It is the process in which insoluble solid are separated from liquid in a
mixture e.g. to separate sand from water.

Distillation: It is the process in which pure solvent is obtained from a solution.

CHAPTER NO: 06
Air
Q.1) What are the main constituent of air? Mention their percentage by
volume in air?

Ans) Air is a mixture of many colorless gasses. The main component of nitrogen which is
78%, Oxygen 21%, carbon dioxide 0.03% and less than 1% are other gasses.

Q. 2) Write four uses of carbon dioxide?

Ans)
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 i) It is used in photosynthesis by plant to prepare their food.
ii) It is used in fire extinguishers.
iii) It is used to prepare urea fertilizers.
iv) It is used to prepare baking soda and washing soda.

Q. 3) What are inert gasses? Name three inert gasses?

Ans) The inactive and noble gasses are called inert gasses. They have no color and no smell.
e.g. Helium, Neon, Organ etc.

Q. 4) Describe some uses of inert gasses?

Ans)
I) Argon is used for filling of electric bulbs.
II) Helium and hydrogen used for filling balloons.
III) Helium along with oxygen is used for sea divers.

CHAPTER NO: 07
Solution and Suspension
Q. 1) Define solution and suspension?

Ans) Solution: Solution is a homogenous mixture which may be liquid gas or solid form by
dissolving one or more substance called solution. e.g.

1. Solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water.

2. Ink dissolved in water.

Suspension: Suspension is a state of solid or substance produce when it particle are mixed with
but not dissolved in fluid and is capable by separation by straining.

Q. 2) Define Homogenous and Heterogeneous mixture?

Ans) Homogenous mixture: It is the mixture which indicates that the solution must be in a
single physical state of matter.

State of matter, for example Salt solution

Heterogeneous mixture: It is a mixture of unsolved solute in a solvent and the particle can be
seen with necked eye. e.g. chalk, dust suspension.

Q.3) What are the difference b/w dilute and concentrated solutions?

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Ans)
Dilute Solution Concentrated Solution

The term dilute means that there is relatively The term concentrated mean that there is
small amount of solute in the solvent relatively large amount of solute in the solvent.

CHAPTER NO: 08
Energy and its Forms
Q. 1) Define energy? How electrical energy is converting into heat energy?

Ans) Energy: The ability of a body to do work is called energy. Electrical energy is consist of
electric charges which travel through the wire. When electric energy passes through the wire it
give us heat energy.

Q. 2) What is kinetic energy? Explain with two examples?

Ans) Kinetic Energy: The energy possessed of a body due to its motion is called its kinetic
energy.

1) When wind mill move it has kinetic energy.

2) A moving car has also kinetic energy.

Q. 3) What does electrical energy do for us. Give example?

Ans) When electrical energy is used in fan, it move the blades of the fan for cooling. Electrical
energy also gives us light and heat energy when current passes through bulb.

Q. 4) Define law of conservation of energy?

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Ans) It is define as “the total energy of the isolated system always remains constant.” Energy
can be transformed from one form to another.

e.g. the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy but the total energy amount remains
constant.

Q. 5) What is potential energy?

Ans) The energy possessed of a body due to its main position is called potential energy.
e.g. stone laying on the ground.

CHAPTER NO: 09
Force and Machines
Q. 1) What is simple machine? Give its example?

Ans) `A simple machine consist of circular object (wheel ‫ ) َپ ِہیَّہ‬with a soft (axle) running
through a center of the wheel and make easier.

Examples: Pulley, lever, wheel and axle.

Q. 2) What is the difference b/w simple wheel and gear?

Ans) Wheel: Wheel is a circular object which rotates around the axel is called wheel. e.g.
steering wheel of a car.

Gear: Wheel with teeth around them are called gear. e.g. Hand drill.

Q. 3) What is the principle of gear?

Ans) When belt are used to connect wheels, slipping often occur. To prevent slipping gears are
connect by chain are used as in bicycle and the gear are brought together so that teeth mesh.
When an engine drives the soft of the gear will be driven in an anticlockwise direction.

Q. 4) What is gear and its characteristics?

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Ans) Gear: Wheel with teeth around them is called gear.
Characteristic’s:

1) Gear can transmit rotational force to another in the same direction or in the opposite
direction.
2) The speed of the driven shaft depends on the number of teeth in each gear.

CHAPTER NO: 10
Properties of Light
Q. 1) What is reflection of light? Write its laws?

Ans) Reflection: When ray of light traveling in one medium are indecent on the boundary of
another medium, they bounce back it is known as reflection of light.

Law of reflection:

There are two law of reflection.

I. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface all lie in the same plane.
II. The angle of incident is equal to the angle of reflection.

Q. 2) Give few uses of concave and convex mirrors?

Ans) Uses of concave mirror:

i) They are used by the doctor to examine ear, nose, eyes and throats.
ii) They are also used to throw light on the side of microscope.

Uses of convex mirror:

i) They are used in vehicles to observe rear view.

ii) They are also used at dangerous road bend for safe drive.

Q. 3) What is mirror? Write name of different mirror?

Ans) Mirror: It is an object that reflects light. It has a polished, smooth and regular surface. It
is normally made up of glass with a thin layer of silver or aluminum on one side

Names of mirror:

1) Plane mirror
2) Concave mirror
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 3) Convex mirror

Q. 4) What are the difference b/w smooth and rough surface?

Ans) Smooth surface: The surface on which regular reflection occurs is known as smooth
surface.

e.g. plane mirror, still water

Rough surface: those surface which gives diffused reflection are known as rough surface.

e.g. paper, wall and cloths etc.

CHAPTER NO: 11
Investigating Sound
Q. 1) What is sound? Which things are necessary for sound?

Ans) Sound: Sound is a form of energy that stimulates the sense of hearing. Sound is produced
by vibrating body. Three things are necessary for hearing.

1) Sound producing body.

2) Medium for traveling of sound.
3) Receiving device.

Q. 2) How can we produce sound?

Ans) Sound can produce a material medium by producing vibration, e.g. when you struck a
metallic vessel with a spoon a sound will produced. You can feel the vibration by touching the
metallic vessel by hand.

Q. 3) How sound is received by human ear?

Ans) When the sound waves are collected by pinna and send it to the middle ear. The middle
ear received vibration from ear drum. The message from middle ear is send to the inner ear.
From inner ear the message sends to the brain. The brain interprets this message as the sensation
of the sound.

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Q. 4) Write the speed of sound in different media?

Ans) The speed of sound is different in different media. For example the speed of sound in dry
sea level air 0 °C is 332 m/sec.

The speed in air depends on temperature. If temperature increases the speed of sound also
increases.

So the speed of sound at 20 °C is 340 m/sec, and the speed of sound in water is 1525 m/sec. Also
the speed of sound in iron is 5130 m/sec.

Q. 5) Explain the term sound waves?

Ans) A sound wave is a series of alternate increase and decrease of air pressure. The increase
and decrease are called compression and rarefaction. Sound cannot travel through vacuum.

CHAPTER NO: 12
Space and Satellites
Q. 1) Define universe?

Ans) The universe is composed of stars, moon, planets and all the space b/w them is called
universe.

Q. 2) What is artificial satellite?

Ans) An object lunched into orbit by mean is called artificial satellite. It revels around the earth
in other planets. The 1st artificial satellite was launched in 1957. It helps in communication,
industry, military, and intelligence and in scientific study by the earth and the outer space.

Q. 3) What is communication satellites used?

OR For what purpose communication satellite is used?

Ans) Geostationary satellite is communication satellite using geostationary orbit. The speed is
equal to the speed of the earth. So they appear stationary.

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