A common weakness in writing is the lack of varied sentences.

Becoming
aware of three general types of sentences--simple, compound, and
complex--can help you vary the sentences in your writing.

The most effective writing uses a variety of the sentence types explained
below.

1. Simple Sentences
A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a
subject, a verb, and a completed thought.

Examples of simple sentences include the following:

1. Joe waited for the train.

"Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb

2. The train was late.

"The train" = subject, "was" = verb

3. Mary and Samantha took the bus.

"Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "took" = verb

4. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station.

"I" = subject, "looked" = verb

5. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station early but waited until noon
for the bus.
"Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "arrived" and "waited" =
compound verb

Tip: If you use many simple sentences in an essay, you should consider
revising some of the sentences into compound or complex sentences
(explained below).
The use of compound subjects, compound verbs, prepositional phrases
(such as "at the bus station"), and other elements help lengthen simple
sentences, but simple sentences often are short. The use of too many
 simple sentences can make writing "choppy" and can prevent the writing
from flowing smoothly.

A simple sentence can also be referred to as an independent clause. It is

referred to as "independent" because, while it might be part of a compound
or complex sentence, it can also stand by itself as a complete sentence.

2. Compound Sentences
A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent
clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with
a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to
remember if you think of the words "FAN BOYS":

 For
 And
 Nor
 But
 Or
 Yet
 So

Examples of compound sentences include the following:

1. Joe waited for the train, but the train was late.

2. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the
station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived.

3. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left
on the bus before I arrived.

4. Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them
at the bus station.

Tip: If you rely heavily on compound sentences in an essay, you should

consider revising some of them into complex sentences (explained below).
Coordinating conjunctions are useful for connecting sentences, but
compound sentences often are overused. While coordinating conjunctions
can indicate some type of relationship between the two independent
clauses in the sentence, they sometimes do not indicate much of a
relationship. The word "and," for example, only adds one independent
clause to another, without indicating how the two parts of a sentence are
logically related. Too many compound sentences that use "and" can
weaken writing.

Clearer and more specific relationships can be established through the use
of complex sentences.

3. Complex Sentences
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or
more dependent clauses connected to it. A dependent clause is similar to
an independent clause, or complete sentence, but it lacks one of the
elements that would make it a complete sentence.

Examples of dependent clauses include the following:

 because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon
 while he waited at the train station
 after they left on the bus

Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a

sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause to form a
complex sentence.

Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Below are

some of the most common subordinating conjunctions:

 after
 although
 as
 because
 before
 even though
 if
 since
  though
 unless
 until
 when
 whenever
 whereas
 wherever
 while

A complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or more

dependent clauses.

The dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the

independent clause, as in the following:

Tip: When the dependent clause comes first, a comma should be used to
separate the two clauses.

1. Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did
not see them at the station.
2. While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late.
3. After they left on the bus, Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was
waiting at the train station.

Conversely, the independent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed

by the dependent clause, as in the following:

Tip: When the independent clause comes first, a comma should not be used
to separate the two clauses.

1. I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at
the bus station before noon.
2. Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station.
3. Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station after
they left on the bus.

Complex sentences are often more effective than compound sentences

because a complex sentence indicates clearer and more specific
relationships between the main parts of the sentence. The word "before,"
for instance, tells readers that one thing occurs before another. A word
 such as "although" conveys a more complex relationship than a word such
as "and" conveys.

The term periodic sentence is used to refer to a complex sentence

beginning with a dependent clause and ending with an independent clause,
as in "While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was
late."

Periodic sentences can be especially effective because the completed

thought occurs at the end of it, so the first part of the sentence can build up
to the meaning that comes at the end.

Beginning Sentences with "And" or "Because"

Should you begin a sentence with "and" or "but" (or one of the other
coordinating conjunctions)?

The short answer is "no." You should avoid beginning a sentence with
"and," "or," "but," or the other coordinating conjunctions. These words
generally are used to join together parts of a sentence, not to begin a new
sentence.

However, such sentences can be used effectively. Because sentences

beginning with these words stand out, they are sometimes used for
emphasis. If you use sentences beginning with one of the coordinating
conjunctions, you should use these sentences sparingly and carefully.

Should you begin a sentence with "because"?

There is nothing wrong with beginning a sentence with "because."

Perhaps some students are told not to begin a sentence with "because" to
avoid sentence fragments (something like "Because Mary and Samantha
arrived at the bus station before noon" is a sentence fragment), but it is
perfectly acceptable to begin a sentence with "because" as long as the
sentence is complete (as in "Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the
bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station.")
https://www2.ivcc.edu/rambo/eng1001/sentences.htm
Compound and complex sentences
MARCH 29, 2016 -

A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses connected by a

coordinating conjunction. Common examples of coordinating conjunctions
are: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so.

A complex sentence has a main clause and one or more dependent clauses. In
a complex sentence we use a subordinating conjunction to connect the
dependent clause to the main clause. Common examples of subordinating
conjunctions are: as, when, while, because, since, after, before, although,
though, if, whether, unless and until.

1. The doctor must come at once or the patient will die. (Compound sentence)

2. If the doctor does not come at once, the patient will die. (Complex sentence)

3. Gandhi believed in non-violence but some of his followers were extremists.

(Compound sentence)

4. Though Gandhi believed in non-violence some of his followers were

extremists. (Complex sentence)

5. Search his pockets and you will find the stolen watch. (Compound sentence)

6. If you search his pockets, you will find the stolen watch. (Complex sentence)

7. You must hurry or you will miss the train. (Compound sentence)

8. If you do not hurry you will miss the train. (Complex sentence)

9. He wants to be a scholar, so he is studying hard. (Compound sentence)

10. As he wants to be a scholar he is studying hard. (Complex sentence)

https://www.englishgrammar.org/compound-complex-sentences/
LOGICAL CONNECTORS

Logical connectors are used to join or connect two ideas that have a particular relationship. These
relationships can be: sequential (time), reason and purpose, adversative (opposition and/or
unexpected result), condition.

Within each category, the words used to join the ideas or clauses are used differently, with different
grammar and punctuation.

Subordinating Introduce adverb clauses

conjunctions
Either the dependent clause or the
independent clause may come first in the
sentence, with no change in meaning

ex: Before he came, we didn't have a physical

education teacher.

We didn't have a physical education teacher

before he came.

Prepositions Is followed by a noun or noun phrase

Either clause may appear first

ex: He didn't come to class due to his illness.

Transitions and Joins two sentences separated by a period or

Conjunctive adverbs two clauses separated by a semi-colon.

Only one possible order of the sentences

The transition may appear clause initial,

clause final, or between the subject and verb
of the second sentence.

ex: He was sick. Nevertheless, he came to

class.

Conjunctions One possible order

A comma is used before the conjunction

In academic writing, do not begin a sentence

 with a conjunction

ex: He didn't do his homework, so he didn't

pass the class.
https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/logicalconnectors.html
1. Using Connectors
2. 2. They help your reader follow your reasoning.They help your reader follow your
reasoning. They are essential in producing good writing! They connect between
ideas in sentencesThey connect between ideas in sentences and paragraphs.and
paragraphs. What are connectorsWhat are connectors??

3. What’s wrong with these sentences? I went to the beach. There were too many
jellyfish. I decided to stay. I had a good time. I met some friends. but and The simple
solution! I went to the beach. There were too many jellyfish, but I decided to stay
anyway. I had a good time, and I met some friends.

4. But wait! There’s a better way… I went to the beach. Although there were too many
jellyfish, I decided to stay. I had a good time because I met some friends. Connectors
make logical connections.

5. Not only … but also Besides  In the same way  Likewise  Similarly  Moreover 
In addition (to this)  Furthermore  Additionally Connectors of addition

6. I don’t like using the computer. I don’t type quickly. Furthermore, sometimes the
computer crashes and I lose all my material. There are not only viruses, but also
annoying advertisements . Moreover, connecting to the Internet is expensive. How can
we add connectors here?  I don’t like using the computer. I don’t type quickly.
Sometimes the computer crashes and I lose all my material. There are viruses and
annoying advertisements. Connecting to the Internet is expensive. For example…

7. On the contrary Whereas / while  On the other hand  In contrast to  In spite of /

despite  Although / though / even though  Nevertheless  However Connectors of
contrast

8. I don’t like to use computers, however I have to use them for English class. Wrong!
Don’t use however after a comma. Correct: I don’t like to use computers. However, I
have to use them for English class.Always use “However,” at the start of a sentence

9. Right: Despite the cold weather, we went to the beach. Don’t use a complete
sentence hereUse only a noun phrase Wrong: Despite that the weather was cold, we
went to the beach.  Right: Although I hate computers, my teacher makes me use them.
 Wrong: Although that I hate computers, my teacher makes me use them. Although /
even though Despite / in spite of mean

10. Connectors of contrast--2 Connectors of contrast Practice exercises

11. So that Try this exercise! In order to  Because of  Because  For this reason 
Thus  As a result (of)  Consequently  Therefore Connectors of cause

12. Afterwards / ANext Third etc. Second / secondly First / In the first place
Connectors of order Before that / beforehandFinally Eventually fter that
13. Such asFor instance For example Obviously Luckily Fortunately / unfortunately
Other connectors

14. Connectors review By the time you’ve finished all the practice exercises, you should be
an expert on using connectors! Quiz on cause-and- effect connectors  Connectors quiz
More practice!

https://www.slideshare.net/evelinpj1/using-connectorsilyseenglish

Compound Sentence
Examples
7th grade8th grade9th gradeMiddle SchoolHigh SchoolCollege

A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses that have related ideas. The
independent clauses can be joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or
by a semicolon, as you can see in the compound sentence examples below.
In either case, each half of the sentence must be able to stand on its own as a complete sentence.
That means each half needs a subject and a verb. For example:
 I want the sporty red car, but I will lease the practical blue one.
In the sentence above, the subjects are italicized and the verbs are in bold. The first half is a
complete sentence because it contains the subject "I" and the verb "want." The second half that
comes after the comma and coordinating conjunction is also a complete sentence, with the
subject "I" and the verb "will lease."

Compound Sentences with Coordinating

Conjunctions
As you've seen above, many compound sentences are made using coordinating conjunctions. In
this case, the sentence must contain a comma before the conjunction for correct punctuation. For
example:
 She did not cheat on the test, for it was the wrong thing to do.
 I really need to go to work, but I am too sick to drive.
 I am counting my calories, yet I really want dessert.
 He ran out of money, so he had to stop playing poker.
 They got there early, and they got really good seats.
 They had no ice cream left at home, nor did they have money to go to the store.
 Everyone was busy, so I went to the movie alone.
 I thought the promotion was mine, but my attendance wasn't good enough.
 Should we start class now, or wait for everyone to get here?
 It was getting dark, and we weren't near the cabin yet.
 Cats are good pets, for they are clean and are not noisy.
 We have never been to Asia, nor have we visited Africa.
 He didn't want to go to the dentist, yet he went anyway.

Compound Sentences With a Semicolon

It's also possible to join compound sentences simply by combining two complete sentences into
one long sentence without any additional words. In this case, you must use a semicolon to join
your two independent clauses. For example:
 Joe made the sugar cookies; Susan decorated them.
While this is grammatically correct, it's also possible to smooth the transition from one clause to
the other with conjunctive adverbs such as however, besides, therefore and meanwhile. To use
these properly, place them after the semicolon and add a comma after the conjunctive adverb.
For example:
 It was a difficult assignment; however, Kelly was up to the challenge.
Observe additional compound sentence examples joined by semicolons below:
 The sky is clear; the stars are twinkling.
 The waves were crashing on the shore; it was a lovely sight.
 There were white-out conditions in the town; therefore, the roads were impassable.
 Check back tomorrow; I will see if the book has arrived.
 He said he was not there yesterday; many people saw him there.
 I am happy to take your donation; any amount will be greatly appreciated.
 She only paints with bold colors; indeed, she does not like pastels at all.
 She works two jobs to make ends meet; at least, that was her reason for not having time to join us.
 Malls are great places to shop; I can find everything I need under one roof.
 Italy is my favorite country; I plan to spend two weeks there next year.
 He turned in the research paper on Friday; he would have not passed the class otherwise.
 You need to pack the appropriate things for camping; for example, a sleeping bag will keep you
warm.
 I have paid my dues; as a result, I expect to receive all the privileges listed in the bylaws.

Compound Sentences in Quotes

Compound sentences are quite common in both speech and writing. Here are examples of
compound sentences used by famous public figures:
 "Any jackass can kick down a barn, but it takes a good carpenter to build one." - Lyndon B. Johnson
 "The drought had lasted now for 10 million years, and the reign of the terrible lizards had long since
ended." - Arthur C. Clarke, 2001: A Space Odyssey
 "Government does not solve problems; it subsidizes them." - Ronald Reagan
 "I used to be snow white, but I drifted." - Mae West
 "I have often wanted to drown my troubles, but I can't get my wife to go swimming." - Jimmy Carter
 "Tell the truth, work hard, and come to dinner on time." - Gerald R. Ford
 "I have opinions of my own, strong opinions, but I don't always agree with them." - George H. W.
Bush
 "You can put wings on a pig, but you don't make it an eagle." - Bill Clinton

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/compound-sentence-examples.html

Complex Sentence Examples

Complex sentences are fascinating components of the English language. When used properly,
they can add depth to our writing. Complex sentences contain an independent clause and at least
one dependent clause.
An independent clause has the ability to stand alone as a sentence. It always makes a complete
thought. A dependent clausecannot stand alone, even though it has a subject and a verb.
Complex sentences are friends and neighbors to compound sentences. There's only one
difference. Compound sentences contain two independent clauses - that's all there is to it. Let's
break down a couple complex sentence examples into its parts.

Independent and Dependent Clauses

Let's start with an independent clause, one that can stand alone:
 Katie sipped on her cappuccino.
This is an independent clause because it's a complete sentence containing a subject and a
verb and fully expressing an idea.
Now let's see a dependent clause, one that does not fully express an idea:
 While Katie sipped on her cappuccino
Although this sentence contains a subject (Katie) and a verb (sipped), it's not a complete
thought - we still need more information. Therefore, it's not a complete sentence.
When an independent and a dependent clause join together to form a complex sentence, they can
go in either order.
Here's an example where the independent clause comes first:
 I was snippy with him because I was running late for work.
Here's an example where the dependent clause comes first:
 Because I was running late for work, I was snippy with him.
To connect independent and dependent clauses, you need subordinating conjunctions like "after,"
"while," or "since." If the dependent clause comes first, you will generally need to separate the
clauses with a comma.
Common Complex Sentence Examples
Let's take a look at some common complex sentence examples pertaining to everyday life. In
each example, the independent clause is underlined.
 Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave.
 Although he was wealthy, he was still unhappy.
 She returned the computer after she noticed it was damaged.
 Whenever prices goes up, customers buy less products.
 Because I had to catch the train, and as we were short on time, I forgot to pack my
toothbrush for our vacation.
 As she was bright and ambitious, she became a manager in no time.
 Wherever you go, you can always find beauty.
 Evergreen trees are a symbol of fertility because they do not die in the winter.
 Although it was very long, the movie was still enjoyable.
 You should take your car in for a service because it's starting to make weird noises.
 The actor was happy he got a part in a movie even though the part was small.
 After the tornado hit, there was very little left standing.
 The museum was very interesting, as I expected.
 Now that he's rich and famous, people make allowances for his idiosyncrasies.
 Even though he's thoroughly trained, he still makes a lot of mistakes.
 Since winter is coming, I think I'll knit a warm sweater, because I'm always cold.
 When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales.
 I have to save this coupon in case I come back to the store tomorrow.
 Let's go back to Chez Nous because it's where we had our first date.
 Although my friends begged me, I chose not to go to the reunion.
 As genes change over time, evolution progresses.
 I really didn't like the movie even though the acting was good.
 When he got a creampie smashed in his face, everyone laughed.
 After being apart for years, he still had feelings for her.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/complex-sentence-examples.html