Name: Jackielou P.

Ladera BSCE-V Score:

Subject: CE 511 Date: 06/18/2019

Review Questions:

1. What is the difference between detailed estimate and guestimate? Why is it important to
have an engineering/theory and practice-based calculation rather that guest work in
estimating cost of a certain project?
Answer:
- estimate is a rough calculation or guess while guestimate is an estimate that is
hardly any better than a guess , often because it is based on insufficient or
unreliable data
2. Explain how engineering estimate is applied in the following:
a.) For new project construction
b.) For rehabilitation and repair works
c.) For appraisal of existing structures
d.) For numerical bid evaluation
e.) For audit review
3. List down the four(4) factors that may comprises the cost engineering.
Answer:
a.) Construction Materials Assessment
b.) Calculation of Bill of Quantities (BOQ)
c.) Cost analysis computation
d.) Preparation of construction Schedule and Cash Flow
4. What are the six types of estimates? Define each type?
Answer:
a.) Conceptual Estimate- estimates are prepared in the design phase to guide the
owner and designer about cost information so that appropriate design can be made
b.) Preliminary Estimate- the first step in the production of plans and specifications is
preliminary design which comprises about 40% of the complete detailed design
c.) Designer’s Estimate- after the approval of the preliminary design by the owner,
detailed design and specification are completed. In this phase, the designer
prepares estimate based on the final design, which is referred to as “designer’s
estimate”
d.) Bid Estimate- similarly, on the basis of the final drawings and specifications, the
contractor prepares his estimate for the project for bidding competition. This
estimate is called “bid estimate” which must be accurate, competitive, and
profitable.
e.) Construction Estimate- as construction works progress, estimating task continues
requiring a greater effort to reach a higher level of accuracy to establish whether
the actual construction costs agree with the bid estimate
f.) Appraisal Estimate- appraisal is an art of estimating the fair value or worth of a
property at specified date.
5. Explain the importance of engineering estimate for the following:
Answer:
a.) Owner- cost estimate, during the time when the project is being conceptualize,
provides an approximate figure of the total project cost
 b.) Planner, Designer, and Estimator- the estimate is one way of providing professional
services to clients and owners by rendering and employing detailed cost estimating
techniques and know-how
c.) Builder/Contractor- a good and effective estimate is required for competitive
bidding. An effective bid estimate, which is accurate, competitive, profitable, is
advantageous for a contractor over his competitors to ensure a winning bid (with
fair profit)
d.) Appraiser- engineering estimate plays a vital role in banking industry where
appraisers determine the assessed values of properties like land and buildings to be
used as collaterals for loans and sale purposes
e.) Government- a true and honest estimate helps in a nation building which every
government intends to reach and accomplish. A fair estimate supports a good
business while an excessive and unreasonable price is a disadvantageous to the
government that causes poverty which makes the people sigh; it instills economic
instability
f.) Building Official- cost estimate is a requirement for the application of construction
permit and the basis for its payment.
g.) Estimate Examiner- knowledge of estimate is important in examining the estimate
done by others for technical audit report. Every estimate of government
infrastructural projects whether new construction or repair work is normally made
to rest in the hands of estimate examiner after thorough evaluation for the
determination of excess estimated cost or excess contract price, if there is any.
6. Explain why engineering estimate must be complete, reliable, effective, organized and
properly documented. List down the necessary requirements in order to achieve this quality.
Answer:
-to prevent loss of lives and properties. In the same way, every Estimator shall be made
answerable and liable for the economy of structures to prevent excess costs and excess prices
towards corruption.
The necessary requirements in order to achieve this quality:
a.) Quantity take-off worksheets of all work items
b.) Unit price and cost analysis of all cost items
c.) Labor rates and productivity analysis
d.) Equipment rental rates and production analysis
e.) Breakdown of indirect cost
-overhead
-miscellaneous
-contingencies
f.) Mark Ups Details
-Profit
-Expanded Withholding Tax (EWT)
-Expanded Value Added Tax (AVAT)
7. Why is it necessary to have a checklist for building construction estimate?
Answer:
-so that the work will be detailed and they can avoid mistakes

8. What are the two requirements in estimating Bill Of Quantities (BOQ). Explain why drawings
and specifications must be complementary and inseparable. What is the impact of estimating
without specification?
Answer:
-the two requirements in estimating BOQ are: working drawings and construction
specifications
 -an estimate based on the drawings alone is incomplete, because specifications may
spell out specific
product standards and construction methods to be used
-project cost estimate made without specification lacks technical support to justify the
final estimated
figures
9. What are the types of specifications? Define each type.
Answer:
a.) Design Specification- it is a descriptive specification, a detailed description of
materials, workmanship and installation and erection procedures
b.) Performance Specifications- this describes the expected results of the work and the
methods to be used are left to the contractor’s discretion
c.) Propriety Specification- this specification states exactly the product or method to
be used
d.) Open Specification- this is a nonrestrictive specification and allows many different
choices within a given criteria
10. What are the sixteen (16) divisions of specifications according to Construction Specification
Institute(CSI)? Discuss the importance of these divisions.
Answer:
1.) General Requirements- covers the non-technical requirements such as information
about temporary facilities, administrative requirements, and temporary utilities
2.) Site Works- contains clearing, grubbing, demolition, earthworks-excavation, backfill,
borrow fill, disposal
3.) Concrete- includes concrete compressive strength, proportions, slump; Reinforcing
steel bars yield stress, admixtures
4.) Masonry- involves masonry units, mortar mixtures, steel bars, tile-setting, sizes, and
adhesives, stone works, plastering
5.) Metals- specifies type of metals and yield stress, method of connections, bolts,
welds, rivets, base painting
6.) Wood and Plastics- state the class of wood and strength, moisture content,
fasteners, treatment
7.) Thermal and Moisture Protection- entails waterproofing, insulation or heat
barriers, fireplace, chimneys, exhaust fans, etc.
8.) Doors and Windows- stipulates the type and materials of doors and windows, lock
sets
9.) Finishes- deals with material finishes either paint or varnish, texture-smooth, glossy
or rough
10.) Specialties- includes specialty works like glass and aluminum, wood and steel lattice,
concrete moldings, steel grills and stair handrails, landscaping, pest control
11.) Equipment- involves the type, size, capacity of equipment to be used
12.) Furnishing- contains built-in cabinets, carpets, lavatory and information counters
13.) Special Construction- covers deep or pile foundations, footings on difficult soils,
slope protection and other works with unique characteristics
14.) Conveying System- deals with methods of transporting materials to the desired
place or floor of the building
15.) Mechanical- incorporates water supply, sanitary waste disposal system, drainage,
elevators, escalators, air conditioning, and pumps
16.) Electrical- contains panel boards, wires and conduits, fixtures
11. Discuss the numbering sequence in Plans and Drawings
 Answer:
-plans, which contain the drawings, are usually arranged to follow general order of
construction from site work to finish work. There is also a numbering sequence in each division
like: (a) A-1 for architectural, (b) S-1 for structural. Each section has typical symbol and
abbreviation: (a) D for demolition, (b) E, for electrical, (c) P for plumbing, etc
12. Define the following terms:
Answer:
a.) Rehabilitation- this means the restoration of a property or building to its previous
good condition without changing the plan, form or style
b.) Modernization- it implies making a building or property more modern and suitable
for use at the present time
c.) Remodeling- this involves altering or changing the plan, form, or style of a structure
to correct functional or economic deficiencies

13. List down and describe the qualities of a good estimator.

Answer:

a.) Knowledgeable- must know engineering mensuration, current construction

materials, equipments, methods and practices
b.) Analytical- able to distinguish, separate the various items that can have different
unit prices
c.) Patient and Responsible- must have the patience, responsibility, and willingness to
do a thorough job in data gathering, making necessary calculations to substantiate
his estimate, and rechecking the calculations whenever warranted
d.) Efficient- must set up a system or checklist of quantity take-off of materials,
equipment, and labor productivity
14. What are the three (3) conditions that must be satisfied in order to minimize on-site
inspection? What are the three basic tasks that must be accomplished upon conducting site
inspections?
Answer:
Three (3) conditions that must be satisfied in order to minimize on-site inspection:
a.) The plans and specifications are complete
b.) Local unit prices of materials and labor rates are available
c.) The site for the project has no space restriction during construction

Three (3) basic tasks that must be accomplished upon conducting site inspections:

a.) Canvass prices and ascertain the availability of local construction materials
for cost analysis
b.) Gather data regarding local labor rates (salary and wages prescribed by
DOLE) for labor cost computation
c.) Verify the availability and rental rates of equipments needed in the project
15. What is a written technical report? What are the important components that comprise a
comprehensive inspection estimate report?
Answer:
- A written technical report is usually prepared and submitted as a proof of travel and
to be used as reference.
- Important components that comprise a comprehensive inspection estimate report:
a.) At least three price canvasses of available materials from different
suppliers within the locality
b.) Prevailing local or regional labor salary and wages
c.) Local equipment rental rates