DMM 2, Q&a

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 043
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
Course Name : MACHINE DESIGN
Course Code : AME015
Program : B.Tech
Semester : VI
Branch : Mechanical Engineering
Section : A,B
Academic Year : 2018– 2019
Course Faculty :
Dr. G V R Seshagiri Rao, Professor, ME
Mr. VKVS Krishnam Raju, ME
OBJECTIVES
I To help students to consider in depth the terminology and nomenclature used in the syllabus.
II To focus on the meaning of new words / terminology/nomenclature
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DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGYQUESTION BANK
S No QUESTION ANSWER Blooms Level CLO CLO Code
UNIT - I
1 What is bearing and types of A bearing is a device that is used to enable rotational or linear movement,
bearing? while reducing friction and handling stress. Types of bearings are sliding Understand CLO1 AME015.01
contact and rolling bearings.
2 Load can be applied to bearings in either of two basic directions.
What is a bearing load? Radial loads act at right angles to the shaft (bearing's axis of rotation). Axial Understand CLO1 AME015.01
(thrust) acts parallel to the axis of rotation.
3 A ball bearing is a type of rolling-element bearing that uses balls to maintain
What do you mean by ball the separation between the bearing races. The purpose of a ball bearing is to
Understand CLO1 AME015.01
bearing? reduce rotational friction and support radial and axial loads. However,
they can tolerate some misalignment of the inner and outer races.
4 AB SKF (Swedish:Swedish ball bearing
What is SKF Bearing? factory AB), later AB SKF, is a leading bearing and seal manufacturing Understand CLO1 AME015.01
company founded in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1907.
4 When both dynamic radial loads and dynamic axial loads act on a bearing at
What is equivalent bearing the same time, the hypothetical load acting on the center of
load? the bearing which gives the bearings the same life as if they had only a
radial load or only an axial load is called the dynamic equivalent load.
5 Bearing rating life. ... The basic rating life, L10, is the fatigue life that 90%
Define rating life of a sufficiently large group of apparently identical bearings, operating Remember CLO2 AME015.02
under identical operating conditions, can be expected to attain or exceed.
6 When the length of the journal (l ) is equal to the diameter of the journal (d
What is square bearing? Understand CLO2 AME015.02
), then the bearing is called square bearing.
7 Pitting or cratering of a bearing is caused by relatively large charges of
electricity. ... Electrical damage will cause early spalling and results in a
Why do bearings fail? noisy bearing which will have to be replaced. Remember CLO2 AME015.02
Improper Bearing Lubrication: Lack of or improper lubrication generally
causes overheating or excessive wear in the bearing.
8 Misalignment of main bearing bores can be caused by crankcase distortion
What causes main bearing
or improper machining tolerances. ... Oil starvation or insufficient Understand CLO2 AME015.02
failure?
lubrication is one of the most severe forms of bearing failure.
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9 It is the minimum distance between the bearing and the journal, under
Define Minimum oil film
complete lubrication condition. It is denoted by h0.Its value may be Remember CLO2 AME015.02
thickness
assumed as c / 4.
10 If the ratio of the length to the diameter of the journal (i.e. l / d) is less than
Define Short and long bearing 1, then the bearing is said to be short bearing. On the other hand, if l / d is Remember CLO2 AME015.02
greater than 1, then the bearing is known as long bearing.
12 The factor ZN / p is termed as bearing characteristic number and is a
dimensionless number.
Define the term The variation of coefficient of friction with the operating values of bearing
Remember CLO2 AME015.02
“ZN / p” characteristic number (ZN / p) as obtained by McKee brothers (S.A. McKee
and T.R. McKee) The factor ZN/p helps to predict the performance of a
bearing
13 Petroff's method of lubrication analysis, which assumes a concentric shaft
and bearing, was the first to explain the phenomenon of bearing friction.
This method, which ultimately produces the equation known as Petroff's
What is Petroff’s law? Understand CLO2 AME015.02
Law, is useful because it defines groups of relevant dimensionless
parameters, and predicts a fairly accurate coefficient of friction, even when
the shaft is not concentric.
14 What Is The Value Of
Coefficient Of Friction For The Value Of Coefficient Of Friction For Ball Bearing is 0.1 to 0.25. Understand CLO2 AME015.02
Ball Bearing?
15 Why Belts Are Subject To
Due to uneven extension and contraction of belt. Remember CLO2 AME015.02
Creep?
16 In Which Type Of
Lubrication System The In Hydrostatic lubrication starting friction is low. Remember CLO3 AME015.03
Starting Friction Is Low?
17 What are the Types of Rolling Following are the two types of rolling contact bearings:
Contact Bearings? 1. Ball bearings; and 2. Roller bearings.
18 A double row bearing is These bearings may be made with radial or angular
contact between the balls and races. The double row bearing is appreciably
What is Double row bearing? Understand CLO3 AME015.03
narrower than two single row bearings. The load capacity of such bearings
is slightly less than twice that of a single row bearing.
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19 For radial ball bearings, the basic static radial load rating (C0) is given by
C0 = f0.i.Z.D2 cos
where i = Number of rows of balls in any one bearing,
Z = Number of ball per row,
D = Diameter of balls, in mm,
Write an equation of basic = Nominal angle of contact i.e. the nominal angle between the line of
static radial load rating for action of the ball load and a plane perpendicular to the axis of bearing, Remember CLO3 AME015.03
radial ball bearings. and
f0 = A factor depending upon the type of bearing.
The value of factor ( f0 ) for bearings made of hardened steel are taken as
follows :
f0 = 3.33, for self-aligning ball bearings
= 12.3, for radial contact and angular contact groove ball bearings.
20 The static equivalent radial load (W0R) for radial or roller bearings under
combined radial and
axial or thrust loads is given by the greater magnitude of those obtained by
the following two
How do you calculate Static
equations, i.e.
Equivalent Load for Rolling Understand CLO4 AME015.04
1. W0R = X0.WR + Y0.WA ; and 2. W0R = WR
Contact Bearings
where WR = Radial load,
WA = Axial or thrust load,
X0 = Radial load factor, and
Y0 = Axial or thrust load factor.
21 What is the formula used to
Oil-film thickness in hydrodynamic bearings.
calculate oil-film thickness in Understand CLO4 AME015.04
h = c (1+ Є cos θ)
hydrodynamic bearings?
22 Define thrust bearing Thrust bearing supports load acting along axis of shaft. Remember CLO4 AME015.04
23 The following are functions of bearings
What are the functions of a) Ensure free rotation of shaft with minimum friction
bearing? b) Holding shaft in a correct position
c) Transmit the force of the shaft to the frame
24 What are the different types (a) Full journal bearing (b) Partial Journal bearing Remember CLO1 AME015.01
of sliding contact bearings? Fitted journal bearing.
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25 Define sliding contact The sliding contact bearings in which the sliding action is guided in a Remember CLO1 AME015.01
bearing. straight line and carrying radial loads.
26 What is full journal bearing? When the angle of contact of the bearing with the journal is 360° then the Understand CLO1 AME015.01
bearing is called a full journal bearing.
27 What is partial journal When the angle of contact of the bearing with the journal is 120°,then the Remember CLO1 AME015.01
bearing? bearing is said to be partial journal bearing
28 What is fitted journal When a partial journal bearing has no clearance i.e. the diameters of the Remember CLO1 AME015.01
bearing? journal and bearing are equal, then the bearing is called a fitted bearing.
29 Define Thick film bearings? The thick film bearings are those in which the working surfaces are Remember CLO2 AME015.02
completely separated from each other by the lubricant. Such type of
bearings are also called as hydrodynamic lubricated bearings
30 Define Thin film.bearings The thin film bearings are those in which, although lubricant is present, the Remember CLO2 AME015.02
working surfaces partially contact each other atleast part of the time. Such
type of bearings are also called boundary lubricated bearings.
31 What is bearing? A bearing is a machine element which support another moving machine Remember CLO2 AME015.02
element (known as journal). It permits a relative motion between the contact
surfaces of the members, while carrying the load
32 Define Zero film bearings. The zero film bearings are those which operate without any lubricant Remember CLO2 AME015.02
present.
33 What is Hydro static The hydrostatic bearings are those which can support steady loads without Understand CLO2 AME015.02
bearings? any relative motion between the journal and the bearing. This is achieved by
forcing externally pressurized lubricant between the members
34 Explain Squeeze film journal We have seen in the previous article that in a wedge film journal bearing, Understand CLO2 AME015.02
bearing. the bearing carries a steady load and the journal rotates relative to the
bearing. But in certain cases, the bearings oscillate or rotate so slowly that
the wedge film cannot provide a satisfactory film thickness. If the load is
uniform or varying in magnitude while acting in a constant direction, this
becomes a thin film or possibly a zero film problem. But if the load reverses
its direction, the squeeze film may develop sufficient capacity to carry the
dynamic loads without contact between the journal and the bearing. Such
bearings are known as squeeze film journal bearing.
35 What are important materials 1. Babbit metal 2. Bronze 3. Cast iron 4.Silver 5. Non-metallic bearings Remember CLO2 AME015.02
used for Sliding contact
bearings?
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36 What is Critical Pressure of The pressure at which the oil film breaks down so that metal to metal Remember CLO2 AME015.02
the Journal Bearing? contact begins, is known as critical pressure or the minimum operating
pressure of the bearing
37 Classify Radial Ball Bearings. 1. Single row deep groove bearing 2. Filling notch bearing Understand CLO2 AME015.02
3. Angular contact bearing. 4. Double row bearing
Self-aligning bearing (a) Externally self-aligning bearing, and (b) Internally
self-aligning bearing.
38 Define Basic Static Load The load carried by a non-rotating bearing is called a static load. The basic Remembe r CLO2 AME015.02
Rating of Rolling Contact static load rating is defined as the static radial load (in case of radial ball or
Bearings. roller bearings) or axial load (in case of thrust ball or roller bearings) which
corresponds to a total permanent deformation of the ball (or roller) and race,
at the most heavily stressed contact, equal to 0.0001 times the ball (or roller)
diameter.
39 Define Static Equivalent Load The static equivalent load may be defined as the static radial load (in case of Understand CLO3 AME015.03
for Rolling Contact Bearings. radial ball or roller bearings) or axial load (in case of thrust ball or roller
bearings) which, if applied, would cause the same total permanent
deformation at the most heavily stressed ball (or roller) and race contact as
that which occurs under the actual conditions of loading.
40 Define Life of bearing. The life of an individual ball (or roller) bearing may be defined as the Remember CLO3 AME015.03
number of revolutions (or hours at some given constant speed) which the
bearing runs before the first evidence of fatigue develops in the material of
one of the rings or any of the rolling elements
41 Define Rating Life of bearing. The rating life of a group of apparently identical ball or roller bearings is Remember CLO3 AME015.03
defined as the number of revolutions (or hours at some given constant
speed) that 90 per cent of a group of bearings will complete or exceed
before the first evidence of fatigue develops (i.e. only 10 per cent of a group
of bearings fail due to fatigue).
42 Define basic Dynamic Load The basic dynamic load rating is defined as the constant stationary radial Understand CLO3 AME015.03
Rating of Rolling Contact load (in case of radial ball or roller bearings) or constant axial load (in case
Bearings. of thrust ball or roller bearings) which a group of apparently identical
bearings with stationary outer ring can endure for a rating life of one million
revolutions (which is equivalent to 500 hours of operation at 33.3 r.p.m.)
with only 10 per cent failure.
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UNIT – II
1 The principal parts of an I.C engine, are as follows :
What are the Principal Parts 1. Cylinder and cylinder liner, 2. Piston, piston rings and piston pin or
of an Engine? gudgeon pin, 3. Connecting rod with small and big end bearing, 4. Crank
crankshaft and crank pin, and 5. Valve gear mechanism.
2 The function of a cylinder is to retain the working fluid and to guide the
What is the function piston. The cylinders are usually made of cast iron or cast steel. Since the
Cylinder? cylinder has to withstand high temperature due to The combustion of fuel,
therefore, some arrangement must be provided to cool the cylinder.
3 In a spark ignition engine, the fuel is mixed with air and then inducted into
What is an IC engine and how the cylinder during the intake process. After the piston compresses the fuel-
does it work? air mixture, the spark ignites it, causing combustion. The expansion of the
combustion gases pushes the piston during the power stroke.
4 The distance travelled by the piston from TDC to BDC is called stroke. In
Define Stroke other words, the maximum distance travelled by the piston in the cylinder in Remember CLO6 AME015.06
one direction is known as stroke. It is equal to twice the radius of the crank.
5 The volume swept by the piston during one stroke is called the swept volume
or piston displacement. Swept volume is the volume covered by the piston
Define swept volume while moving from TDC to BDC. Swept volume = Vs = A x L = D L 2 4 Π Remember CLO6 AME015.06
where A = Cross sectional area of the piston in Sq.m, L = Stroke in m, and D
= Cylinder bore i.e., inner diameter of the cylinder in m.
6 Compression ratio is a ratio of the volume when the piston is at bottom dead
centre to the volume when the piston is at top dead centre.
Define Compression ratio Remember CLO6 AME015.06
The compression ratio varies from 5: 1 to 10 : I for petrol engines and from
12:1 to 22 : I for diesel engines.
7 It is the main active part of the engine. It is cylindrical in construction and
slides tip and down inside the cylinder. It has piston rings to provide good
seal between the cylinder wall and the piston. There are three grooves to
What is the function of
accommodate piston rings. Function: (i) To compress the fresh charge Understand CLO6 AME015.06
piston?
during the compression stroke. (ii) To transmit the force exerted due to
combustion of the charge to the connecting rod finally to the crankshaft
during the power stroke.
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8 What is the material of piston Material: Aluminium alloy cast steel, cast iron and chrome nickel Understand CLO6 AME015.06
9 Piston Rings: Piston rings are fitted into the grooves of the piston to maintain
good seal between the piston and the cylinder walls. There are two types of
pistons rings. Upper rings are called compression rings and the lower rings
What is the function of piston are called oil rings. Function: Compression rings are used to provide gas tight
Rings and material? sealing to prevent leakage of the lubricating oil into the engine cylinder. The
oil rings, also called as scrapper rings are used to scrap the used lubricating
oil into the crank case. Material: Alloy cast iron containing silicon,
manganese, alloy steels, etc
10 Connecting Rod: The connecting rod interconnects the piston to the
crankshaft. The upper end of the connecting rod is fitted to the piston and
What is the function of lower end to the crankshaft. Function: (i) It transmits the power produced in
connecting and material? the cylinder to the crankshaft. (ii) It converts the reciprocating motion of the
piston into rotary motion of tile crankshaft. Material: Medium carbon steel
and alloy steel.
11 Crank and Crankshaft: The crank is a lever that is connected to the end of the
connecting rod by a pin joint with its other end connected rigidly to a shaft,
What is the function of Crank called crankshaft. The crankshaft is the principle rotating part of the engine.
and Crankshaft? The crankshaft is provided with suitable holes to help in the lubrication
system. Function: It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into
useful rotary motion of the Output Shaft. Material: Forged steel.
12 The axial stresses are produced due to cylinder gas pressure (compressive
only) and the inertia force arising in account of reciprocating action (both
Why connecting rods are
tensile and compressive), whereas bending stresses are caused due to the Understand CLO7 AME015.07
made of I sections?
centrifugal effects. The connecting rods are made traditionally with I
cross section
13 The parallel (or longitudinal) components add up algebraically to the force
acting on the connecting rod (FC) and produces thrust on the pins. The
Explain whipping stress in
perpendicular (or transverse) components produces bending action (also Understand CLO7 AME015.07
connecting rod
called whipping action) and the stresses induced in the connecting rod is
called whipping stress.
14 Write the formulas for design Thickness of Piston Head (tH) : The piston thickness of piston head calculated
of piston crown thickness on using the following Grashoff’s formula,
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the basis of strength as well tH =D √ (3p)/ (16σt) in mm P= maximum pressure in N/mm².D= cylinder
as heat dissipation? bore/outside diameter of the piston in mm= 80mm. σt=permissible tensile
stress for the material of the piston.
H = 12.56*tH * k * (Tc-Te) KJ/sec Where k=thermal conductivity of material
Tc = temperature at center of piston head in °C. Te = temperature at edges of
piston head in °C.
(Tc-Te)=75°C for Aluminium alloy.
15 The various forces acting on the connecting rod are as follows: 1. Forces on
What are the forces acting on the piston due to gas pressure and inertia of the reciprocating parts.
the connecting rod? 2. Forces on the piston due to gas pressure and inertia of the reciprocating
parts.
16 The crankshaft is designed to convert the up and down motion of the pistons
into horizontal rotation. The shaft is one solid piece made from cast iron or
What is crankshaft material? Understand CLO8 AME015.08
forged steel. Steel is usually used in high loading situations, such as diesel
or turbocharged engines.
17 Crankshafts are also used in driven machinery such as air compressors and
What process is used to make reciprocating pumps. The industrial potential for a
a crankshaft? new crankshaft manufacturing process is huge, as the existing and common
methods, forging casting and machining are very costly.
18 There are a couple of different ways to arrive at the basic shape, and this
forms the basis of whether the crank is a forged or cast piece. In casting, a
What is a forged crankshaft? Understand CLO8 AME015.08
mold is made and molten crank material, usually cast iron, is simply poured
in to create the raw casting.
19 What is the material of
Camshaft gear is made from Camshaft gears are made from Bakelite. Understand CLO8 AME015.08
which material?
20 The main reasons for crankshaft wear are
What are The main reasons a) Different loads at some points of rotation
for crankshaft wear? b) Centrifugal forces due to crankshaft rotation
c) Misalignment in connecting rod
21 What is IC Engine? The internal combustion engines (briefly written as I. C. engines) are those Understand CLO4 AME015.04
engines in which the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine
cylinder. The I.C. engines use either petrol or diesel as their fuel. In petrol
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engines (also called spark ignition engines or S.I engines), the correct
proportion of air and petrol is mixed in the carburetor and fed to engine
cylinder where it is ignited by means of a spark produced at the spark plug.
In diesel engines (also called compression ignition engines or C.I engines),
only air is supplied to the engine cylinder during suction stroke and it is
compressed to a very high pressure, thereby raising its temperature from
600°C to 1000°C. The desired quantity of fuel (diesel) is now injected into
the engine cylinder in the form of a very fine spray and gets ignited when
comes in contact with the hot air.
22 What are different The principal parts of an I.C engine, as shown in Fig. 32.1 are as follows : 1. Remember CLO4 AME015.04
components in IC Engine? Cylinder and cylinder liner, 2. Piston, piston rings and piston pin or gudgeon
pin, 3. Connecting rod with small and big end bearing, 4. Crank, crankshaft
and crank pin, and 5. Valve gear mechanism
23 What are stresses in design of The gas pressure produces the following two types of stresses : (a) Remember CLO4 AME015.04
Cylinder? Longitudinal stress, and (b) Circumferential stress
24 What material are used for The most commonly used materials for pistons of I.C. engines are cast iron, Remember CLO4 AME015.04
Pistons? cast aluminium, forged aluminium, cast steel and forged steel.
25 What material are used for These are usually made of grey cast iron or alloy cast iron because of their Understand CLO4 AME015.04
Piston Rings? good wearing properties and also they retain spring characteristics even at
high temperatures
26 What is Piston Pin or The piston pin (also called gudgeon pin or wrist pin) is used to connect the Remember CLO4 AME015.
Gudgeon pin? piston and the connecting rod. It is usually made hollow and tapered on the
inside.
27 What is the material used for The material used for the piston pin is usually case hardened steel alloy Remember CLO5 AME015.05
Piston Pin? containing nickel, chromium, molybdenum or vanadium having tensile
strength from 710 MPa to 910 MPa
28 What is connecting rod? The connecting rod is the intermediate member between the piston and the Understand CLO5 AME015.05
crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the
piston pin to the crankpin and thus convert the reciprocating motion of the
piston into the rotary motion of the crank.
29 What is the form of (cross The cross-section of the shank may be rectangular, circular, tubular, I- Remember CLO5 AME015.05
section) Connecting rod? section or H-section.
30 What is Crank Shaft? A crankshaft (i.e. a shaft with a crank) is used to convert reciprocating Understand CLO5 AME015.05
motion of the piston into rotatory motion or vice versa.
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31 Define Material used for The crankshafts are generally made of carbon steel, special steel or special Remember CLO5 AME015.05
crank shafts. cast iron.
32 What type of stresses induced 1. Bending stress ; and 2. Shear stress due to torsional moment on the shaft. Understand CLO6 AME015.06
in crank shaft?
33 What are the components to 1. Dimensions of cross-section of the connecting rod, Remember CLO6 AME015.06
design in connecting rod? 2. Dimensions of the crankpin at the big end and the piston pin at the small
end,
3. Size of bolts for securing the big end cap, and
4. Thickness of the big end cap
34 What are the Forces Acting 1. Force on the piston due to gas pressure and inertia of the reciprocating Remember CLO6 AME015.06
on the Connecting Rod? parts,
2. Force due to inertia of the connecting rod or inertia bending forces,
3. Force due to friction of the piston rings and of the piston, and
4. Force due to friction of the piston pin bearing and the crankpin bearing.
35 Classify the piston rings. 1. Compression rings or pressure rings, and Understand CLO6 AME015.06
2. Oil control rings or oil scraper.
36 What is material for Pistons? The most commonly used materials for pistons of I.C. engines are cast iron, Remember CLO6 AME015.06
cast aluminium, forged aluminium, cast steel and forged steel.
37
1 What are the different types There are three basic types of power transmission belting: flat, V, and
of belts synchronous. Misalignment is a common cause of premature belt failure.
2 What is the material used for The fibers may be of textile materials such as cotton, polyamide (such as
power transmission. Nylon) or polyester or, for greatest strength, of steel.
3 Following are the various important factors upon which the selection of a belt
drive depends:
1. Speed of the driving and driven shafts,
Write down the various
2. Speed reduction ratio,
important parameters
3. Power to be transmitted,
necessary for the selection of Remember CLO9 AME015.09
4. Centre distance between the shafts,
a particular drive for power
5. Positive drive requirements,
transmission.
6. Shafts layout,
7. Space available
8.Service conditions.
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4 The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley depends upon the
following factors:
What are the factors upon
i) The material of belt;
which the coefficient of
ii) The material of pulley; Understand CLO9 AME015.09
friction between the belt and
iii) The slip of belt; and
the pulley depends?
iv) The speed of belt.
5 When the endless belts are not available, then the belts are cut from big rolls
and the ends are
How are ends of belts joined? Understand CLO9 AME015.09
Joined together by fasteners. The various types of joints are 1. Cemented
joint, 2. Laced joint, and 3. Hinged joint.
6 Because of centrifugal force tension on both side will be increased but at
What is The effect of the same time normal reaction force in between belt and pulley surface will
centrifugal tension in the goes down so frictional tension will be decrease and ultimately power Understand CLO10 AME015.10
belt? transmission efficiency will decrease. The belt continuously runs over both
the pulleys.
7 There are three main types of pulleys: fixed, movable, and compound.
What are the three types of A fixed pulley’s wheel and axle stay in one place. A good example of
pulleys? a fixed pulley is a flag pole: When you pull down on the rope, the direction
of force is redirected by the pulley, and you raise the flag.
8 Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation
What is meant by power
to a location where it is applied to perform useful work. Power is defined Understand CLO10 AME015.10
transmission?
formally as units of energy per unit time.
9 Power transmission is a process to transmit motion from one shaft to
What are the different modes
another by using some connection between them like belt, rope, chain, and
of transmitting power from Understand CLO11 AME015.11
gears. To connect the shafts, mainly two types of connectors are used, one is
one shaft to another?
flexible and other is rigid.
10 Positive drive means movement without slip such as the case in the linking
between the crankshaft and the camshaft in the reciprocating
What is positive and negative
engine. Negative drive, is an unusual term, allows slippage as with Understand CLO11 AME015.11
drive?
belt drive. Gears are said to be 'POSITIVE DRIVE" because there is no
slippage between the input and output.
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12 Angle of lap on the smaller pulley, the idler pulley is used. The angle of
What is angle of lap? lap may be defined as the angle of contact between the belt and the pulley. Understand CLO11 AME015.11
With the increase in angle of lap, the belt drive can transmit more power.
13 In the crossed belt configuration, the pulleys tend to rotate in opposite
directions, and both pulleys have the same wrap angle. Belt Drive
What is angle of wrap? Schematics. In the open configuration, the wrap angle of the belt around Understand CLO11 AME015.11
each pulley is given by the expressions: θA is the wrap angle of pulley A.
θB is the wrap angle of pulley B.
14 The included angle of the V-Belts is 40 Degrees. Here's is a brief outline on
What is the angle of v belt? Understand CLO11 AME015.11
the power transmitting capacity of the each section type of the belt.
15 These flat belts stayed centered on pulleys without any guides or flanges.
The key to keeping them tracking centered on the pulleys is the use of
Why is a crown pulley done? Understand CLO12 AME015.12
"crowned pulleys". A crowned pulley is a pulley that has a slight hump in
the middle, tapering off ever so slightly towards either edge.
16 A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more rotating shafts
Why belt drives are called
mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be used as a source of motion, Understand CLO12 AME015.12
flexible drives?
to transmit power efficiently or to track relative movement.
17 Well, generally both are used for power transmission. These are
often used in Vehicles and Mechanical Applications. The chain
Why would you use a belt
drive contains sprocket on both sides linked by chain to transmit the power Understand CLO12 AME015.12
drive instead of a chain?
whereas belt drive includes pulleys or shafts on both sides, linked by
synthetic belt to transmit the power.
18 Round belts. Round belts are a circular cross section belt designed to run in
a pulley with a 60 degree V-groove. Round grooves are only suitable for
Why are V belts used? idler pulleys that guide the belt, or when (soft) O-ring type belts are used. Understand CLO12 AME015.12
The V-groove transmits torque through a wedging action, thus increasing
friction.
19 Timing belt pitch is the distance in millimeters and/or inches between two
adjacent tooth centers as measured on the pitch line of the
What is belt pitch length? timing belt. Pitch (Timing Belt Pulley Pitch) Timing belt pitch is the Understand CLO12 AME015.12
distance in millimeters between two adjacent tooth centers as measured on
the pitch line of the timing belt.
20 What is purpose of idler Idler pulleys are engine pulleys that are responsible for guiding and
pulley? tensioning the engine drive belts. The engine drive belts are routed in a
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specific manner around the various engine accessories, such as the
alternator, water pump, power steering pump, and AC compressor.
21 Belt length is determined in a datum or effective system. For this reason
the datum or effective diameters are determined first for each pulley. The
What is datum length? Remember CLO12 AME015.12
belt trajectory is based on individual pulley position. The sliding pulley
position is adjusted to accomplish standard belt length criteria.
22 Why Belts Are Subject To Due to uneven extension and contraction of belt creep will be setup in the
Creep? belt.
23 What are types of belts drives 1. Light drives. These are used to transmit small powers at belt speeds up to Remember CLO7 AME015.07
about 10 m/s as in agricultural machines and small machine tools.
2. Medium drives. These are used to transmit medium powers at belt speeds
over 10 m/s but up to 22 m/s, as in machine tools.
3. Heavy drives. These are used to transmit large powers at belt speeds
above 22 m/s as in compressors and generators.
24 What are types of belts? 1. Flat belt. 2. V- belt 3. Circular belt or rope CLO7 AME015.07
25 What are the Material used 1. Leather belts 2. Cotton or fabric belts 3. Rubber belt 4. Balata belts Remember CLO7 AME015.07
for Belts?
26 Define Coefficient of Friction The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley depends upon the Remember CLO7 AME015.07
Between Belt and Pulley. following factors:
1. The material of belt
2. The material of pulley
3. The slip of belt; and
4. The speed of belt.
27 What are the types of belt The various types of joints are Remember CLO7 AME015.07
joints? 1. Cemented joint, 2. Laced joint, and 3. Hinged joint.
28 What are the types Flat belt 1. Open belt drive Remember CLO8 AME015.08
drives? 2. Crossed or twist belt drive
3. Quarter turn belt drive
4. Crossed or twist belt drive
5. Belt drive with idler pulleys
6. Compound belt drive.
Fast and loose pulley drive
14 | P a g e
29 What is the Velocity Ratio of Remember CLO8 AME015.08
a Belt Drive?
d1- Diameter of the Driver, d2- Diameter of the Follower
N1- Speed of the Driver, N2- Speed of the Follower
30 What is the Slip of the Belt? If the motion of belts and pulleys assuming a firm frictional grip between Understand CLO8 AME015.08
the belts and the pulleys. But sometimes, the frictional grip becomes
insufficient. This may cause some forward motion of the driver without
carrying the belt with it. This is called slip of the belt and is generally
expressed as a percentage
31 Classify Belt Joints. 1. Cemented joint, 2. Laced joint, and 3. Hinged joint. Understand CLO8 AME015.08
32 What is creep of belt? When the belt passes from the slack side to the tight side, a certain portion of Remember CLO8 AME015.08
the belt extends and it contracts again when the belt passes from the tight side
to the slack side. Due to these changes of length, there is a relative motion
between the belt and the pulley surfaces. This relative motion is termed as
creep.
Velocity Ratio =
33 What is the use of Pulley The pulleys are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by means Remember CLO9 AME015.09
of flat belts, V-belts or ropes
34 What are the material used for The pulleys may be made of cast iron, cast steel or pressed steel, wood and Remember CLO9 AME015.09
pulleys? paper
35 What are the types of pulleys 1. Cast iron pulleys, 2. Steel pulleys, 3. Wooden pulleys, 4. Paper pulleys, Remember CLO9 AME015.09
for Flat belts and 5. Fast and loose pulleys.
36 What is the difference Fast A fast pulley is keyed to the machine shaft while the loose pulley runs Understand CLO9 AME015.09
and Loose Pulleys? freely. The belt runs over the fast pulley to transmit power by the machine
and it is shifted to the loose pulley when the machine is not required to
transmit power
15 | P a g e
37 What is the centrifugal stress σt = ρ.ν2 Remember CLO9 AME015.09
induced in the rim of the where u)/D
pulley? ρ = Density of the rim material = 7200 kg/m3 for cast iron
ν = Velocity of the rim = πDN / 60, D being the diameter of pulley and N is
speed of the pulley.
38 What is the use of Crowning The cast iron pulleys are generally made with rounded rims. This slight Remember CLO9 AME015.09
in pulleys? convexity is known as crowning. The crowning tends to keep the belt in
centre on a pulley rim while in motion
39 Define Ratio of Driving 2.3 log (T1/ T2)=μ.θ cosec β Understand CLO9 AME015.09
tensions in V-Belts.
40 List out Advantages of Wire 1. These are lighter in weight, 2. These offer silent operation, 3. These can Remember CLO9 AME015.09
Ropes. withstand shock loads, 4. These are more reliable, 5. These are more
durable, 6. They do not fail suddenly, 7. The efficiency is high, and 8. The
cost is low.
41 Classify of Wire Ropes. 1. Cross or regular lay ropes 2. Parallel or lang lay ropes 3. Composite or Understand CLO9 AME015.09
reverse laid ropes
42 What is Direct stress in Wire Direct stress due to axial load lifted and weight of the rope Understand CLO9 AME015.09
Ropes? Let W = Load lifted, w = Weight of the rope, and
A = Net cross-sectional area of the rope. ∴
Direct stress, σd = (W+w)/A
43 What is Bending stress in Bending stress when the rope winds round the sheave or drum Remember CLO9 AME015.09
Wire Ropes? σb = (Er x du)/D
44 What are Stresses during Remember CLO9 AME015.09
starting and stopping?
UNIT - IV
1 A circle radius of which is equal to the distance from the gear axis to the
pitch point. It is the imaginary circle that rolls without slipping with a pitch
Define pitch circle Remember CLO13 AME015.13
circle of a mating gear. These are the outlines off the imaginary smooth
roller or friction discs in every pair of mating gears.
2 It is the point of tangency of the two pitch circles or a pitch circle and a
Define pitch point Remember CLO13 AME015.13
pitch line. It lies on the line of centers
16 | P a g e
3 It is the distance measured on the pitch circle from a point on one tooth to a AME015.13
Define circular pitch Remember CLO13
corresponding point on the next tooth
4 It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter to the number of teeth.
Define module Remember CLO13 AME015.13
Module =D/T
5 It is the number of teeth on the gear per unit of the pitch circle diameter.
Define diametral pitch Remember CLO13 AME015.13
Pc= T/D
6 It is the circle drawn through the bottom of the teeth and is concentric with
Define Dedendum circle
the pitch circle. Dedendum circle. Addendum Circle and Root Circle).It is Remember CLO14 AME015.14
also called root circle.
7 It is the amount by which the width of a tooth space exceeds the thickness of
Define backlash the engaging tooth on the pitch circles. Remember CLO14 AME015.14
Backlash= Tooth space –Tooth thickness
8 What is flank? It is the surface of the bottom tooth between adjacent fillets. Understand CLO14 AME015.14
9 The pressure angle exists between the tooth profile and a radial line to its
Define pressure angle pitch point. In involute teeth, it is defined as the angle formed by the radial Remember CLO14 AME015.14
line and the line tangent to the profile at the pitch point.
10 The ratio of the number of teeth on gear to that on the pinion is known as a
Define gear ratio gear ratio. Remember CLO14 AME015.14
Gear Ratio= T/t.
11 It states that the common normal at the point of contact always passes
What is law of gearing? Understand CLO15 AME015.15
through pitch point
12 i) Involute teeth.
Name different forms of gear
(ii) Cycloidal teeth. Remember CLO15 AME015.15
teeth
13 which relation is used to
Minimum number of teeth
obtain minimum number of
= 2 Aw / [ √(1+ 3 sin2 Φ) ] – 1 Remember CLO15 AME015.15
teeth in order to avoid
where Aw = addendum coefficient of wheel
interference with wheel
14 What is meant by
Mating of non-involute profiles of a tooth leads to interference. Understand CLO15 AME015.15
interference?
15 What is the formulae of
velocity factor (K) is Velocity factor K= 5.6 / (5.6 + √V) Understand CLO15 AME015.15
considered if helical gears of
17 | P a g e
medium accuracy are
manufactured by hobbing
process followed by shaving?
16 if the axes of two shafts are neither intersecting nor parallel gears are called
Define worm gears Remember CLO16 AME015.16
worm gears
17 What is Crowing of gear In this process, tooth ends are made thinner. This process is called crowing
tooth? of gears.
18 Define crossed helical gears Helical gears mounted on parallel shafts are called crossed helical gears. Remember CLO16 AME015.16
19 Define External bevel gear When the pitch angle is less than 900, it is called external bevel gear Remember CLO16 AME015.16
0
20 Crown gears are characterized by pitch angle of 90 . For crown bevel gear,
Define Crown bevel gear Remember CLO16 AME015.16
pitch angle is 900.
21 What is the classification of 1. According to the position of axes of the shafts. (a) Parallel, (b) Remember CLO10 AME015.10
gears? Intersecting, and (c) Non-intersecting and non-parallel.
2. According to the peripheral velocity of the gears
(a) Low velocity, (b) Medium velocity, and (c) High velocity.
3. According to the type of gearing
(a) External gearing, (b) Internal gearing, and (c) Rack and pinion
4. According to the position of teeth on the gear surface
(a) Straight, (b) Inclined, and (c) Curved.
22 What are the Forms of There are the two types of teeth commonly used. Understand CLO10 AME015.10
Teeth? 1. Cycloidal teeth ; and 2. Involute teeth.
23 Explain design considerations In the design of a gear drive, the following data is usually given : Remember CLO10 AME015.10
for a Gear Drive/ 1. The power to be transmitted.
2. The speed of the driving gear,
3. The speed of the driven gear or the velocity ratio, and
4. The center
distance.
24 Explain Permissible Working The permissible working stress (σw) in the Lewis equation depends upon Remember CLO10 AME015.10
Stress for Gear Teeth in the the material for which an allowable static stress (σo) may be determined.
Lewis Equation. The allowable static stress is the stress at the elastic limit of the material. It
is also called the basic stress. In order to account for the dynamic effects
which become more severe as the pitch line velocity increases, the value of
18 | P a g e
σw is reduced. According to the Barth formula, the permissible working
stress,
25 Define Addendum. It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth. Remember CLO10 AME015.11
26 .Diametric pitch. It is the ratio of number of teeth to the pitch circle diameter in millimeters. It Remember CLO10 AME015.11
denoted by pd. Mathematically
27 Define Dedendum. It is the radial distance of a tooth from the pitch circle to the bottom of the Remember CLO11 AME015.11
tooth.
28 Define Circular pitch. It is the distance measured on the circumference of the pitch circle from a Remember CLO11 AME015.11
point of one tooth to the corresponding point on the next tooth. It is usually
denoted by pc. Mathematically.
Circular pitch, pc = π D/T
where D = Diameter of the pitch circle, and T = Number of teeth on the
wheel. A little consideration will show that the two gears will mesh together
correctly, if the two wheels have the same circular pitch.
29 Define law of gearing. The common normal at the point of contact between a pair of teeth must Remember CLO11 AME015.11
always pass through the pitch point. This is fundamental condition which
must be satisfied while designing the profiles for the teeth of gear wheels. It
is also known as law of gearing.
30 What is Static Tooth Load? The static tooth load (also called beam strength or endurance strength of the Understand CLO11 AME015.11
tooth) is obtained by Lewis formula by substituting flexural endurance limit
or elastic limit stress (σe) in place of permissible working stress (σw).
∴ Static tooth load or beam strength of the tooth,
WS = σe.b.pc.y = σe.b.π m.y
31 What is Module? It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter in millimeters to the number of Remember CLO11 AME015.11
teeth. It is usually denoted by m. Mathematically, Module, m = D / T
32 What is arc of contact? It is the path traced by a point on the pitch circle from the beginning to the Remember CLO11 AME015.11
end of engagement of a given pair of teeth.
33 Define Length of the path of It is the length of the common normal cut-off by the addendum circles of the Understand CLO11 AME015.11
contact. wheel and pinion.
34 What is Wear Tooth Load? The maximum load that gear teeth can carry, without premature wear, Understand CLO11 AME015.11
depends upon the radii of curvature of the tooth profiles and on the elasticity
and surface fatigue limits of the materials. The maximum or the limiting load
19 | P a g e
for satisfactory wear of gear teeth, is obtained by using the following
Buckingham equation, i.e.
Ww = DP.b.Q.K where Ww = Maximum or limiting load for wear in
newtons, DP = Pitch circle diameter of the pinion in mm, b = Face width of
the pinion in mm, Q = Ratio factor, K = Load-stress factor (also known as
material combination factor) in N/mm2.
35 What are the causes of Gear 1.Bending failure 2.Pitting 3.Scoring 4. Abrasive wear Understand CLO11 AME015.11
Tooth Failure? 5. Corrosive wear
36 Explain different terms and 1. Helix angle: It is a constant angle made by the helices with the axis of Understand CLO12 AME015.12
their definitions used in rotation.
Helical gears. 2. Axial pitch: It is the distance, parallel to the axis, between similar faces of
adjacent teeth. It is the same as circular pitch and is therefore denoted by pc.
The axial pitch may also be defined as the circular pitch in the plane of
rotation or the diametral plane.
3. Normal pitch: . It is the distance between similar faces of adjacent teeth
along a helix on the pitch cylinders normal to the teeth. It is denoted by pN.
37 What is Formative or The formative or equivalent number of teeth for a helical gear may be defined Remember CLO12 AME015.12
Equivalent Number of Teeth as the number of teeth that can be generated on the surface of a cylinder
for Helical Gears? having a radius equal to the radius of curvature at a point at the tip of the
minor axis of an ellipse obtained by taking a section of the gear in the normal
plane. Mathematically, formative or equivalent number of teeth on a helical
gear, TE = T / cos3 α where T = Actual number of teeth on a helical gear,
and α = Helix angle.
38 Explain Strength of Helical In helical gears, the contact between mating teeth is gradual, starting at one Understand CLO12 AME015.12
Gears. end and moving along the teeth so that at any instant the line of contact runs
diagonally across the teeth. Therefore in order to find the strength of helical
gears,a modified
Lewis equation is used. It is given by
WT =( σo × Cv) b.π m.y' where WT = Tangential tooth load, σo = Allowable
static stress, Cv = Velocity factor, b = Face width, m = Module, and y' =
Tooth form factor or Lewis factor corresponding to the formative or virtual
or equivalent number of teeth.
39 Classify the Bevel gears. 1. Mitre gears 2. Angular bevel gears 3. Crown bevel gears Remember CLO12 AME015.12
4. Internal bevel gears
20 | P a g e
40 What are the Forces acting on The magnitude of the tangential WT = WN cos φ Understand CLO12 AME015.12
a Bevel Gear? and
radial components WR = WN sin φ = WT tan φ
41 Explain strength of worm According to Lewis equation, Remember CLO12 AME015.12
gear teeth. WT =( σo . Cv) b. π m . y
where WT = Permissible tangential tooth load or beam strength of gear tooth,
σo = Allowable static stress,
Cv = Velocity factor, b = Face width,
m = Module, and
y = Tooth form factor or Lewis factor.
UNIT - V
1 Efficiency of a power screw and condition for self locking. 6.1.1
What is self locking of power
Introduction. A power screw is a drive used in machinery to convert a rotary Understand CLO17 AME015.17
screw?
motion into. a linear motion for power transmission.
2 Machines that use screws to push against other objects are called presses. A
press is used to make cider or wine by squashing fruit to extract the juice
How does screw work? Remember CLO17 AME015.17
from it. Printing presses were also used to make books. The up and down
force generated by a screw can also be used to hold things together.
3 lead screw has square thread because it has the highest power transmission
Which type of thread is used capacity without any backlash and minimum friction. but as the square
for power screws? thread are costly to machine, acme threads are used as an alternative in
many application.
4 Power screws are classified by the geometry of their thread. V-threads are
Why are V threads not used less suitable for lead screws than others such as ACME because they have
in power screws? more friction between the threads. Their threads are designed to induce this
friction to keep the fastener from loosening.
5 A screw can also act to hold things together in some cases. Some examples
What are examples of of the uses of a screw are in a jar lid, a drill, a bolt, a light bulb, faucets,
screws? bottle caps and ball point pens. Circular stairways are also a form of a
screw.
6 What is the principle of A screw is a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion,
screw? and a torque (rotational force) to a linear force. It is one of the six classical
21 | P a g e
simple machines. The most common form consists of a cylindrical shaft
with helical grooves or ridges called threads around the outside.
7 Which type of thread is more Buttress thread is used to transmit power in a single direction. It has
effective for power advantages of both a square thread (Low friction resistance) and V thread Remember CLO18 AME015.18
transmission in one direction? (strength).
8 The large area of sliding contact between the screw threads means
jackscrews have high friction and low efficiency as power transmission
Why square threads are used
linkages, around 30%–50%. In heavy-duty applications, such as screw Remember CLO18 AME015.18
in screw jack?
jacks, a square thread or buttress thread is used, because it has the lowest
friction and wear.
9 Lead is the axial advance of a helix or screw during one complete turn
(360°) The lead for a screw thread is the axial travel for a single revolution.
What is the lead of a screw? Understand CLO18 AME015.18
Pitch is defined as the axial distance between adjacent threads on a helix
or screw.
10 A jackscrew, or screw jack, is a type of jack that is operated by turning a
What is the function of screw lead screw. It is commonly used to lift moderately heavy weights, such as
jack? vehicles; to raise and lower the horizontal stabilizers of aircraft; and an
adjustable supports for heavy loads, such as the foundations of houses.
11 Trapezoidal thread forms screw thread profiles with trapezoidal outlines.
They are the most common forms used for lead screws (power screws).
What is Acme threaded rod? Understand CLO19 AME015.19
They offer high strength and ease of manufacture. They are typically found
where large loads are required, as in a vise or the lead screw of a lathe.
12 To effectively service fasteners, it is important to have a working knowledge
of screw threads. A thread is a continuous helical ridge formed on the inside
How do screw threads work? Remember CLO19 AME015.19
(nut) or outside (screw) of a cylinder. ... Threads are set at an angle to the
axis of the bolt or nut.
13 A ball screw is a mechanical linear actuator that translates rotational motion
What are ball screws used
to linear motion with little friction. A threaded shaft provides a helical Understand CLO19 AME015.19
for?
raceway for ball bearings which act as a precision screw.
14 A multi-start thread consists of two or more intertwined threads running
parallel to one another. Intertwining threads allow the lead distance of
What is multi start thread? a thread to be increased without changing its pitch. ... This allows multi-start Understand CLO19 AME015.19
threads to maintain a shallow thread depth relative to their longer lead
distance.
22 | P a g e
15 Size for size a fine thread is stronger than a coarse thread. This is both in
What is the difference
tension (because of the larger stress area) and shear (because of their larger
between coarse and fine Understand CLO19 AME015.19
minor diameter). ... Fine threads have less tendency to loosen since
thread?
the thread incline is smaller and hence so is the off torque.
16 In manufacturing, a nominal size or trade size is a size "in name only" used
for identification. The nominal size may not match any dimension of the
What is nominal thread size? product, but within the domain of that product the nominal size may Understand CLO20 AME015.20
correspond to a large number of highly standardized dimensions and
tolerances.
17 A ball screw is a mechanical linear actuator that translates rotational motion
What is ball screw in CNC
to linear motion with little friction. A threaded shaft provides a helical Understand CLO20 AME015.20
machine?
raceway for ball bearings which act as a precision screw.
18 Define lead. The distance a screw thread advances axially in one turn is called lead Remember CLO20 AME015.20
19 The standard number of threads per inch for various diameters is the Series
Define Series of thread. Remember CLO20 AME015.20
of thread
20 Pitch is defined as the axial distance between adjacent threads on a helix
Define Pitch. Remember CLO20 AME015.20
or screw.
21 Define power screw. The power screws (also known as translation screws) are used to convert Remember CLO13 AME015.13
rotary motion into translatory motion
22 What are the types of screw Square thread 2. Acme or trapezoidal thread 3. Buttress thread Remember CLO13 AME015.13
threads used for Power
Screws?
23 Define Torque required to Understand CLO13 AME015.131
overcome friction between
the screw and nut.
24 What is differential screw? When a slow movement or fine adjustment is desired in precision Remember CLO13 AME015.13
equipments, then a differential screw is used. It consists of two threads of
the same hand (i.e. right handed or left handed) but of different pitches,
wound on the same cylinder or different cylinders
25 What is Compound screw? When a fast movement is desired, then a compound screw is employed. It Remember CLO13 AME015.13
consists of two threads of opposite hands (i.e. one right handed and the other
left handed) wound on the same cylinder or different cylinders
23 | P a g e
26 What are the applications of The square threads are employed in screw jacks, presses and clamping Remember CLO13 AME015.14
square threads? devices
27 What is Square thread ? Thread results in maximum efficiency and minimum radial or bursting Remember CLO14 AME015.14
pressure on the nut.
28 What is Acme or trapezoidal An acme or trapezoidal thread is a modification of square thread. The slight Understand CLO14 AME015.14
thread? slope given to its sides lowers the efficiency slightly than square thread and
it also introduce some bursting pressure on the nut, but increases its area in
shear.
29 What are the advantages of The efficiency of square threads is more than that of trapezoidal Remember CLO14 AME015.14
square threads over threads.There is no radial pressure or side thrust on the nut. This radial
trapezoidal threads? pressure is called ‘bursting’ pressure on the nut. Since there is no side thrust,
the motion of the nut is uniform. The life of the nut is also increased.
30 What are the advantages of Square threads are difficult to manufacture. The strength of a screw depends Remember CLO14 AME015.14
square threads over upon the thread thickness at the core diameter. Square threads have less
trapezoidal threads? thickness at the core diameter than trapezoidal threads.The wear of the thread
surface becomes a serious problem in the service life of the power screw. It
is not possible to compensate for wear in square threads. Therefore, when
worn out, the nut or the screw requires replacement.
31 What is self-locking of power When ϕ is greater than or equal to αα, a positive torque is required to lower Remember CLO14 AME015.14
screws? the load. Under this condition, the load will not turn the screw and will not
descend on its own unless an effort P is applied. Screw will be self-locking
if the co-efficient of friction is equal to or greater than the tangent of the
helix angle, the screw is said to be self-locking.
32 What multi start threads.? In multi start thread two or more threads starts simultaneously on start point, Remember CLO14 AME015.14
in single thread lead and pitch are equal
in two start thread pitch is half of lead
33 Define Pitch in screws. The pitch is defined as the distance measured parallel to the axis of the Remember CLO14 AME015.14
screw, from a point of one thread to the corresponding point on the adjacent
thread, it is denoted by p
34 Define nominal diameter in Nominal diameter is the largest diameter of the screw. It is also called major Understand CLO15 AME015.15
screws. diameter, denoted by dc
35 What is Helix angle? The helix angle is defined as the angle made by the helix of the thread with Remember CLO15 AME015.15
a prime perpendicular to the axis of the screw.
24 | P a g e
36 What is the eqation for helix Tan α = l/πdm Remember CLO15 AME015.15
angle? Where dm mean diameter, l= m for single start screw
37 What is Buttress thread? This thread form can also be used for power screws but they can transmit Remember CLO15 AME015.15
power only in one direction.
38 List out Applications of The applications are screw jack, vices etc. Remember CLO15 AME015.15
Buttress thread.
39 What are the Characteristics High mechanical efficiency, Low in wear, Thread Form Understand CLO15 AME015.15
of ball screws?
40 Define power screw. The power screws (also known as translation screws) are used to convert Remember CLO15 AME015.15
rotary motion into translatory motion
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25 | P a g e

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INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

Course Name : MACHINE DESIGN

Course Code : AME015

Branch : Mechanical Engineering

Academic Year : 2018– 2019

S No QUESTION ANSWER Blooms Level CLO CLO Code

Signature of the Faculty Signature of the HOD

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