PSCRB

Globe Maritime Training Center
DAY 2
DEFINITIONS:
Survival Craft
A craft designed to save / sustain lives of persons in distress after abandoning the ship.
It includes:
Lifeboat, life raft, buoyant apparatus and lifebuoy
Rescue Boat
A boat designed to rescue person in distress and marshal survival crafts
Launching Appliance
A means of transferring a survival raft from its stowed position safely to the water
Float-free Launching
A launching method where a survival craft is automatically released from a sinking ship
and is ready for use
Free-fall Launching
A launching method whereby a survival craft with compliment of persons and

equipment’s is allowed to fall into the sea
Inflatable Appliance
An appliance which is inflated by non-toxic gas
DAVITS
A device or crane used for lowering and hoisting survival crafts
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“Global competence comes with Quality Training”
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STOWAGE OF SURVIVAL CRAFTS
 SURVIVAL CRAFTS MUST BE STOWED :
a. on open decks and

clear of obstructions
b. within reach of launching/
lifting device
c. on accessible place and
ready for immediate use.
Boat davits
Types of davits
1. Gravity - Requires only the force of gravity to move a boat from the inboard
launching position to a waterborne position. The entire launching operation is
controlled by boat falls.
a. Tracking type - Consists of one or two arms mounted on rollers in a track
which is installed at an angle to the deck. The incline is sufficient to allow
gravity to cause the boat and arm to move down the track way from stowage
position to the outboard position, thus allowing the boat to be lowered into the
water.
b. Pivoted type davit - Consists of an arm connected through a pivoted linkage to

frames secured to the deck. Assembly balance allows the arm and boat to pivot
outboard from the stowage position to the ship's edge for lowering the boat into
the water
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2. Mechanical - Requires application of an external force to move a boat outboard in

preparation for launching. Outboard movement is not controlled by boat falls.
a. Quadrant davit - Used mainly on merchant vessels. The boat rests in chocks
under the davits. Outboard sections of the chocks usually are hinged so that once
the weight of the boat is off them; they can be laid flat on the deck, making it
unnecessary to raise the boat high enough to clear them in their normal position.
b. Crescent type davit - Hinges out and suitable for single boat stowage. Arms are
racked in and out by means of a sheath screw which is operated by and crank or a
motor.
3. Components of davit
a. Boat davit winch - Drum-type winch that supplies power for hoisting boats. It is
used with mechanical and gravity davits that use wire rope falls. Gravity davits
also use the winch to move the boat and davit arms inboard to a stowed
position. If provided with reversing control, falls (wire), wire drum, gear, motor,
winch break and hand crank.
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b. Winch control – for moving falls up and down
c. Falls - wire rope rolled on the wire drum that holds the weight of the boat
d. wire drum- the part of the boat winch where the other end of the falls is secured
and rolled.
e. Gear (spur gear)- a wheel having teeth that fits into the teeth of another wheel to
move it or move another part of the winch.
f. motor- the engine that gives power(energy) to run the moving parts of the boat
winch. It can be electric, hydraulic or pneumatic.
g. Winch break – part of the boat winch that keeps the wire drum from rolling
.Usually a lever provided with a counter weight for controlling the speed of lowering
of the boat.
h. crank or handle - the handle used to turn the winch wire drum. Provides a
manual means of raising or lowering the boats
i. Falls tensioning device - Eliminates slack in the boat falls and lifts the falls block or
hook clear of boat and crew. The most commonly used type of falls tensioning
device consists of a weighted arm, pivoted at the inboard end where it is attached to
the davit arm.
LAUNCHING APPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS:
 Designed to safely launch the survival craft under a trim of up to 10º & list of up
to 20º.
 enables safe boarding
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 Launching mechanism can be actuated by one person on deck or w/in the

survival craft and shall be visible to that person.
 Provided with falls and winch driven by power and provided with manual
capability.
PARTS OF A LIFE BOAT
1. Frame,
2. Gripe,
3. Dead man's handle (winch brake),

4. Winch drum
 Fitted with safety device to automatically cut off power.
 Hand gear handles/wheels shall not be rotated by moving parts during hoisting
or lowering operation.
LIMIT SWITCH HAND CRANK
 lowering speed shall be equal to:

s = 0.4 + 0.02h, where
s= speed in m / sec.
h = height in m from davit head to waterline (lightship)
 Fitted with brakes capable of stopping the descent of survival craft. Brake pads
shall be protected from water and oil.
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View of davit, showing lifeboat in the stowed and swung-out positions
1. Winch-brake remote-release cable,

2. Sheave,
3. Horn on davit,
4. Floating block,
5. Davit,
6. Suspension ring,
7. Bollard on lifeboat,
8. Gripe,
9. Falls,
10. Winch-brake handle,
11. 11.Winchdrum,
12. DAVIT HINGE.
View of davits and side of lifeboat in the stowed position
1. Winch drum,
2. Electric motor,
3. Falls,
4. Sheaves,
5. Entrance hatch,
6. Harbour pins,
7. Lifeboat,
8. Davit head,
9. Winch-brake remote-release cable,
10. Forward horizontal bollard,
11. Embarkation platform,
12. Davit,
13. Davit hinge,
14. Skid
1. Davit,
2. Falls,
3. Embarkation platform,
4. Frame
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1. Davit head,
2. Horn,
3. Eye in floating block
4. Suspension ring
LAUNCHING PROCEDURES
►The lifeboats are stored on the boat davits on both sides of the ship. In case of
emergency, the crew can board the lifeboat and escaped with the lifeboat directly from
its stowage position.
►The launching appliance consists of a boat davit (davit arm, frame, platform, falls,
suspension block, and gripes/lashing device) and a boat winch (reduction gears, hand
brake and centrifugal brake).
►Swinging out and lowering of the lifeboat can be controlled both from the inside of the
lifeboat and at the ship’s deck. The lowering speed of the lifeboat can be controlled by
operating the remote control wire inside the lifeboat or by operating the remote control
lever on the ship’s deck
►Moreover, it is possible to suspend the lowering operation of the lifeboat at any height.
Recovery of the lifeboat is performed by operating the boat winch with the push-button
switch box. When the davit arm reaches a prescribed position, the boat winch is
automatically stopped by the limit switch
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►After the activation of the limit switch, the boat winch is operated manually to wind up
the lifeboat to its stowage position. The boat winch is provided with a safety device to
prevent the reverse operation of the manual handle.
►The lifeboat is equipped with on-load/off-load release gear which complies with the
requirements of the IMO Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code. The release gear system is
equipped with a hydrostatic interlock system so that it will normally not release the hooks
until the boat is waterborne.
►To avoid possible injury or death, read THE SHIP’S LIFEBOAT manual carefully before
using the boat davit, the boat winch, and the on-load/off-load release gear.
The following routine should be adopted when lowering lifeboats by gravity davits: (Open
type lifeboats)
1. Check all the obstructions that will impede the lowering of the lifeboat. See that
everything is clear, railings and bulwark opened and cleared. lower the
embarkation ladder
EMBARKATION LADDER
2. Put on the lifeboat’s drain plug. Lifelines down and painter lines lowered fore and aft
and secured to a strong point. Check that tricing pendants are connected.
3. Release the gripes of the lifeboat.
4. Release the harbour pins/ stopper bars on the davits.
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5. The handle of the winch break is engaged (lifted) and the boat lowering is controlled
with the break until the lifeboat reaches the embarkation deck.
6. At the embarkation deck, connect the bowsing-in tackles fore and aft, heaved tight
simultaneously and secured for safe embarkation.
7. Start embarkation of crew / passengers.
8. When all are embarked, release the tricing pendants fore and aft.
9. Slack the bowsing-in tackles slowly so that the boat swings away from the ship side,
then release the bowsing -in tackles completely.
10. Lower the lifeboat to the water using the winch break.
11. Use the off-load or on-load lifeboat release mechanism (if fitted) to release the
lifeboat from the davit falls. If not fitted with a release mechanism, send a man fore and
aft to release the hook.
12. If all the remaining people on board including the man in charged of the winch break
are aboard the lifeboat, let go the painter lines fore and aft and get clear of the sinking
ship.
Launching totally enclosed lifeboat
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A. Preparation before launching
1. Prepare transceivers, and confirm the communication condition.<Activity on the

ship>
2. <In case of drill> connect the push-button switch for recovering to the
receptacle. <Activity on the ship>
3. <In case of drill> turn on the power switch of start panel. Detach the cable for
the storage battery charge. <Activity on the ship>
4. Don life jackets. <Activity on the ship>
B. Setting of painter
1. Confirm the connection of the painter on the painter release device of the
lifeboat. <Activity on the lifeboat>
2. Confirm the connection of the painter as far forward as practicable inboard of the
outboard of everything else. <Activity on the ship>
Caution:
Ensure the painter is lead as far forward as practicable inboard of the lifeboat falls but
outboard of everything else. Failure to do so will result in severe difficulties clearing the
vessel during abandonment.
C. Release of safety pin ( if fitted ) for winch hand brake lever
Caution:
The safety pin of the winch hand brake should not be pulled out until the completion
of the preparation described in paragraphs above.
1. Pull out the safety pin (if fitted). <Activity on the ship>
D. Release of davit arm stopper ( harbour pin )
►Go up to the platform of the davit system (platform for boarding the lifeboat).
1. Wind the boat fall manually to take off the slack. Pull out the safety pin of the
davit arm stop, if fitted. <Activity on the ship>
Note: Safety pins are generally intended only for use during maintenance or in
port.
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2. Release the davit arm stop by operating the handle. <Activity on the ship>
Caution:
The handle should be fully operated to prevent the davit arm stop from being caught
with the lock device.
E. Boarding the lifeboat
1. Confirm that the remote control wire is drawn into the lifeboat. <Activity on the
ship>
2. Open the lifeboat boarding door and board the lifeboat.<Activity on the ship>
3. Ensure the bottom plug is fitted and tight. <Activity in the lifeboat >
4. Turn on the power supply switch. <Activity in the lifeboat>
5. Open the fuel oil valve. <Activity in the lifeboat> Engine F.O. Tank
6. Confirm that the cooling seawater valve is open. <Activity in the lifeboat> Engine
7. Close the drain valve on exhaust pipe. <Activity in the lifeboat>
8. Fasten seatbelt. <Activity in the lifeboat>
Caution:
Seating positions of persons should be carefully selected to maintain a good trim of the
lifeboat.
Warning: If the seat belt is not fastened, serious injury or death may occur.
F. Launching procedure
1. Confirm that all crew boarded in the lifeboat are seated and their seatbelts are
fastened.<Activity in the lifeboat>
2. Start engine. <Activity in the lifeboat> START – GLOW - OFF/ ON Engine
3. Pull down the winch remote control wire. <Activity in the lifeboat>
Caution:
 Ensure that no gripe or lashing is tangled around the fore and aft hooks.
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 Pull down the remote control wire gently and slowly during swinging out of the
lifeboat.
 Only pull down the remote control wire fully to lower the boat after swing out is
complete.
 The helmsman must tell the crew to stand by for splashdown when the lifeboat
reaches the vicinity of the water surface.
Warning:
 When using remote control gear from within the boat never wind the cord or
wire around fingers, hand or wrist as this may result in the cutting off of
fingers/hand.
 Do not stop the swinging out operation at deck position. Stopping shakes the
lifeboat and may cause casualties.
 A rapid swing out may cause dangerous impact on the boat when the davit arm
reaches the deck position.
 Inching operation shakes the lifeboat and is dangerous.
Note:
During lifeboat drills, the above mentioned procedures may not be applicable because
the lowering operation may be controlled from the ship’s deck using the deck operation
device.
G. Release gear operation (Releasing Procedure)
1. Off-load release This operation is the normal method of launch and release and
is conducted when the lifeboat is fully waterborne.
Caution:
Confirm the following before the operation:
 The lifeboat is fully waterborne.

 The engine is started.
 All crew are in their seats with their seatbelts fastened.
1. Confirm that the lifeboat is waterborne. <Activity in the lifeboat>
2. Pull out the release handle safety pin. <Activity in the lifeboat>
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3. Pull the release handle to the fully open position by one action. <Activity in the
lifeboat >
Note:
In a case where the hook is not released by the above operations, confirm condition of
each hook and whether the boat is waterborne or not. Even though the hooks cannot be
released by the off-load release operation described above, on-load release procedure, is
possible
2. On-load release
This operation is conducted when the lifeboat is not fully waterborne.
Warning:
 Pay due precautions and conduct the on-load release operation in accordance
with orders of the officer in charge.
 Operation of the release handle upon insufficient confirmation of safety may

result in death or injury due to dropping the lifeboat in the water from a height.
Caution:
►Confirm the following before the operation
 The lifeboat is as close as possible to the water surface.

 The engine is started.
 All crew are in their seats with their seatbelts fastened.
1. Confirm that the lifeboat is as close as possible to the water surface, but that the
hydrostatic interlock is not triggered. <Activity in the lifeboat>
2. Pull out the release handle safety pin. <Activity in the lifeboat>
3. Open the hydrostatic interlock cover. Unlock the latch of the interlock cover.
<Activity in the lifeboat>
4. Lift the hydrostatic interlock lever fully and hold it. <Activity in the lifeboat>
5. Pull the release handle to the fully open position by one action. <Activity in the
lifeboat>
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H. Recovery operation
Warning:
 Incomplete resetting may result in death or serious injury due to dropping of the
lifeboat in the water from a height.
Resetting procedure of release hook
►The resetting procedure is to be in accordance with the following steps:
Note:
 At least three people are required for the resetting of the hooks
 One person each to be stationed for the fore and aft hook
 One person to be arranged.
1. Lift the fore and aft hooks and hold them closed. A strong effort may be required
to lift the hook and force the internal lock piece to engage.<Activity in the
lifeboat>
2. Simultaneously swing down the reset levers on both fore and aft hooks in one
continuous action to contact with the stop. The release handle returns to its
closed (locked) position automatically when the reset levers are swung
down.<Activity in the lifeboat>
3. Confirm the fore and aft hooks are in the normal reset positions. Make sure that
the reset lever is in contact with the stop.<Activity in the lifeboat>
4. Make sure that the release handle is in the closed (locked) position and insert the
safety pin. If the release handle is not in its closed (locked) position, it is not
possible to insert the safety pin.<Activity in the lifeboat>
I. Recovery procedure
 The recovery procedure is to be in accordance with the following steps only

after completing the release gear resetting.
Warning:
 Great care must be exercised in reconnecting the hooks that hands and Fingers
are kept clear.
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 Failure to confirm proper resetting or to follow all steps below may result in
death or serious injury due to dropping the lifeboat in water from a height
Connection of the suspension link
1. Manoeuvre the lifeboat to come under boat falls.
2 Adjust the heights of the suspension links by raising or lowering the boat falls
under good communication. < Activity in the lifeboat >
3 Insert the safety pin of the boat winch handbrake. <Activity on the ship>
4 Connect the suspension links of the davit simultaneously to both, fore and aft
hooks. <Activity in the lifeboat>
5 Hoist the lifeboat just clear of the water and stop hoisting. Confirm that the fore
and aft hooks are properly connected. <Activity on the ship>
6. Confirm that the hydrostatic interlock lever has moved to the “locked “position
for the lifeboat not being waterborne. <Activity in the lifeboat>
7. Where the resetting is incomplete, return to the first step.
Note:
Do not conduct recovery operation of the lifeboat unless the above procedures are fully
completed.
Caution:
 Do not connect the suspension link of the davit to the hooks until reset of the
hooks has been fully completed. It is dangerous to connect the suspension link
during the resetting operation of the hook and results an incomplete reset.

 In case of using recovery strops, it is required to connect the bottom link of the
strops instead of the suspension link to the hooks.
Warning:
 Both hooks should be connected simultaneously to prevent damage due to

excessive load on one hook.
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 If only one hook is connected, the lifeboat may be suspended by the single hook
due to wave action resulting in injury or death.
J. Hoisting the lifeboat
1. Hoist the lifeboat by operating the winch using the push-button switch following the
instruction by the officer in charge. <Activity on the ship>
2. Hoist the lifeboat until the winch is stopped by the limit switch. <Activity on the ship>
Caution:
• The boat winch stops automatically when the davit arm strikes the limit switch.
• Where the limit switch of boat winch does not work correctly, the winch operator
should manually stop the hoisting operation immediately.
3. Disembark from the lifeboat. <Activity on the ship>
K. Stowage procedure
Note:
►Position two persons on davit platform to watch for proper stowage.
1. Hoist the davit arm manually. <Activity on the ship>
2. Confirm that the davit arm is in contact with the stop on platform. <Activity on
the ship>
Caution:
• Each person on the platform should signal to the winch operator just when the
davit arm reaches the stop on the frame.
• confirm that the davit arm and the stops are in contact fore and aft.
Warning:
 Stop the hoisting operation immediately when the signal from the watchman is
received.
 Over hoisting by manual operation may have serious consequences due to
damage of the boat fall and the davit.
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3. Detach the manual hoisting handle. <Activity on the ship>
4. Set the davit arm stop immediately.<Activity on the ship>
5. Insert the safety pin to the davit arm stop handle. <Activity on the ship>
Note: Safety pins are generally intended only for use during maintenance or in port.
6. Lower the suspension block on the davit horn by releasing the handbrake of the
winch. <Activity on the ship> Davit horn suspension Block
Warning:
• If the suspension blocks are not on the davit horn, the boat fall remain in tension
during sea going and the load may cause damage to the boat falls.
7. Install and tighten the auto release gripe, if fitted. Tighten the auto release gripe rope
with the turnbuckle. <Activity on the ship>
8. Connect the painter to the painter release hook on the bow of lifeboat. <Activity on
the ship>
LIFEBOATS
Requirements for lifeboats
Section 4.4 lSA code
 Have rigid hull that is fire retardant and non-combustible. Self-righting, with
ample stability and sufficient freeboard.
 Maintains positive stability even holed in any one location below the waterline.
 Fitted with certificate of approval bearing the serial no., model, manufacturer’s
name and address, date of manufacture, capacity & approving authority.
 With sufficient strength to withstand a load of 1.25 times the total mass of
lifeboat with full load of persons & equipment’s.
 Can be towed with ship making headway of 5 knots in calm water.
 No lifeboat shall be approved to carry more than 150 persons.
 Passenger ship’s lifeboat shall be arranged to be boarded rapidly. For cargo
ships, can be boarded w/in 3 minutes.
 All surfaces on w/c persons might walk shall have non-skid finish.
 Provided with boarding ladder to enable persons in the water to board safely.
 With inherent buoyancy fitted with buoyant material not affected by sea water
and oil.
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 The buoyant material provides 280 n of buoyant force / person.

 Provided with thwarts and side benches capable of supporting persons of 100 kg.
 The buoyant material provides 280 n of buoyant force / person.
 Provided with thwarts and side benches capable of supporting persons of 100 kg.
TYPES OF LIFEBOAT
Totally Enclosed Lifeboat
TOTALLY ENCLOSED LIFEBOAT ( TEL1 )
Requirements:
 TEL shall comply with the general requirements for lifeboats. Section 4.4 of the
lSA code.
 Provided with rigid watertight enclosure w/c totally encloses the lifeboat to give
shelter to occupants.
 Provided with hatches that can be opened and closed from inside & outside, so
positioned to allow launching & recovery operations to be performed without
any crew having to leave the enclosure.
 it is possible to row the lifeboat

 Capable of supporting the entire mass of the lifeboat + load in its capsized
position.
 provided with windows to admit daylight
 Its exterior & interior is of highly visible color.
 Provided with seat belts for each person of 100 kg weight.
 self-righting when loaded with full compliments of persons and equipments.the
design of engine exhaust pipes, air ducts & other openings shall be such that
water is excluded from the engine when the boat capsizes re-rights.
 Provided with handrails to aid embarkation & disembarkation.
 Persons have access to their seats w/o having to climb thwarts or other
obstructions.
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 During engine operation with the boat closed, the pressure inside shall not fall
below the outside atmospheric pressure.
LIFEBOATS WITH A SELF-CONTAINED AIR SUPPORT SYSTEM
 Shall be so arranged that, when proceeding with all entrances & openings
closed, the air in the l/boat remains safe and breathable and the engine runs
normally for a period of not less than 10 min.
 During this period, the atmospheric pressure inside the lifeboat shall never fall
below the outside atmospheric pressure nor shall it exceed it by more than 20
hpa. The system shall have visual indicators to indicate the pressure of the air
supply at all times.
FIRE-PROTECTED LIFEBOATS
 When waterborne, shall be capable of protecting the number of persons it is

permitted to accommodate when subjected to a continuous oil fire that envelops
the lifeboat for a period of not less than 8 min.
WATER SPRAY SYSTEM FOR L/BOATS SHALL COMPLY WITH THE FF:
 Water for the system shall be drawn from the sea by a self-priming motor pump.
It shall be possible to turn on or off the flow of water over the exterior of the
boat.
 The seawater intake shall be so arranged as to prevent the intake of flammable
liquids from the sea surface.
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 The system shall be so arranged for flushing with freshwater and allowing
complete drainage.
 The engine & transmission shall be controlled from the helmsman’s position.
 The engine shall automatically stop when the boat capsize and be easily re-started
when the boat returns to the upright.
 Provided with fenders to withstand impact velocity of 3.5 m/sec.
PARTIALLY ENCLOSEDLIFEBOAT
PARTIALLY ENCLOSED LIFEBOAT (PEL)
Requirements:
 PEL shall comply with the general requirements for lifeboats. Section 4.4 of lSA
code.
 Provided with rigid covers 20 % of its length from stem & stern.
 Provided with foldable canopy that protects occupants from exposure, easily
erected by occupants, can be opened and closed easily from inside & outside of
the boat.
 With entrances closed, it admits sufficient air for occupants at all times.
 it has a means for collecting rainwater
 Provided with means for occupants to escape if the lifeboat capsizes.
 Fitted with a fixed vhf radiotelephone apparatus in a cabin large enough to
accommodate the equipment and the operator.
 Its interior and exterior is of highly visible color.
TOTALLY OPEN LIFEBOAT
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TOTALLY OPEN LIFEBOAT
Requirements:
 Shall have ample stability and sufficient freeboard.

 With rigid sides and internal buoyancy.
 Shall not exceed 20,300kg (20 tons) when laden or not to be loaded of more
than 150 persons.
 Shall have sufficient strength to be safely lowered to the water.
 Fitted with non-corrodable buoyant material (not affected by oil products).
 Provided with watertight air cases.
 Thwarts & seats shall be as low as practicable to support a 100kg person.
 Painted or made of highly visible color.
 Shall be launched by falls fitted with release mechanism, so arranged as to allow
the hooks to be release simultaneously.
Lifeboat markings
1. The number of persons for which the lifeboat is approved shall be clearly marked
on it in clear permanent characters.
2. The name and port of registry of the ship to which the lifeboat belongs shall be
marked on each side of the lifeboat's bow in block capitals of the Roman
alphabet.
3. Means of identifying the ship to which the lifeboat belongs and the number of
the lifeboat shall be marked in such a way that they are visible from above.
RESCUE BOAT (RIGID)
INFLATED RIGID/INFLATED (RIB)
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Rescue Boat – a boat designed to rescue persons in distress and marshal

survival crafts.
RESCUE BOAT REQUIREMENTS
 Shall comply with the requirement for lifeboats with regards to construction,
stability & freeboard.
 Rescue boats w/c are not self-righting shall have handholds on the underside for
persons to cling on when in capsized position.
 Shall be launched by falls fitted with release mechanism.
 Shall have a device to secure a painter near its bow.
 Shall have skates & fenders to prevent damage to the boat when being
launched.
 Shall be fitted with a lamp capable of operating for a period of at least 12 h (fix
or flashing), 4.3 cd.
 Shall be marked with name and registry on boat sides and top to be visible from
above, and with the number of persons it is permitted to carry.
 Shall have inherent buoyancy or fitted with buoyant material not affected by sea
water & oil. The buoyant material may be installed external to the hull, but must
be adequately protected against damage & exposure.
 Rescue boats may be either rigid or inflated or a combination of both.
 Shall not be less than 3.8 m and not more than 8.5 m in length.
 shall be capable of carrying at least 5 seated persons and a person lying down
on a stretcher
 If it has adequate sheer, it shall be provided with a bow covering extending for
not less than 15% of its length
 Shall have sufficient mobility and maneuverability in seaway to enable persons to
be retrieved from water, mar shall & tow life rafts fully loaded at a speed of at
least 2 knots.
 Shall be fitted with an inboard engine or outboard motor.
 Arrangement for towing shall be permanently fitted and strong enough to tow
and marshall life rafts.
 Shall be provided with effective way of bailing or automatically self-bailing.
 Shall be fitted with weather tight stowage for small items of equipment’s.
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REQUIREMENTS FOR INFLATED RESCUEBOATS
Shall be constructed in such a way that, when suspended by its bridle or lifting hook:
 It is of sufficient strength and rigidity to enable lowering and recovering with its
full complement of persons and equipment.
 It is of sufficient strength to withstand a load of four times the mass of its full
compliments of persons and equipment’s at an ambient temperature of 20+/- 3º
c with all relief valves inoperative.
 It is of sufficient strength to with stand a load of 1.1 times the mass of its full
complement of persons & equipment at ambient temp. Of -30ºc, with all relief
valves operative.
 Inflated rescue boat shall be constructed to withstand exposure when stowed on
deck and stay for 30 days afloat in all sea conditions.
 shall be marked with serial number, maker’s name or trademark and date of
manufacture
 Its buoyancy shall be provided by either a single tube subdivided into at least
five separate compartments of approximately equal volume or two separate
tubes, neither exceeding 60% of the total volume.
 Intact compartments shall be able to support the number of persons (75kg
ea.)Even the forward buoyancy tube deflated; entire buoyancy on one side
deflated or one side & bow buoyancy deflated.
 The buoyancy tubes shall provide, on inflation, a volume of not less than 0.17m³
for each person.
 The buoyancy compartments shall be fitted with a non-return valve for manual
inflation and a means for deflation. Relief valves shall also be fitted unless the
administration deemed it to be unnecessary.
 Underneath the bottom & the outside parts shall be fitted with rubbing strips for
its protection.
 Where a transom is fitted, it shall not be inset by more than 20% of its overall
length.
 Suitable patches shall be provided for securing the painters fore and aft and
becketed lifelines inside and outside shall be fitted.
 The inflated rescue boat shall be maintained at all times in a fully inflated
condition.
PSCRB DAY 2 24
OUTBOARD MOTOR
1. Water pump indicator

2. Drive selector or gear selector
3. Choke
4. Starter cord
5. Throttle
6. Emergency stop/tension control
7. Emergency stop cord
8. Fastening clamp
9. Motor tilt control
10. Drift corrector/anti-corrosion anode
11. Water outlet
12. Propeller
13. Oil indicator (emptying and filling)
14. Water intake device
15. Fuel exhaust
An outboard motor is a detachable engine mounted on outboard brackets on the

stern of your boat. Today's outboard motors range in horsepower from 1.0 HP to
over 300 HP per engine. Outboard motors can be used in all types of waters.
PSCRB DAY 2 25
Diesel engines rely on compression to power the engine. Compared to a traditional gas
engine, the engines are similar by design, as they have crankshafts and cylinders and
pistons; however, the fuel systems are completely different and more complex on a
diesel engine.
Diesel engines range in size and horse power. Diesel engines are widely used worldwide,
they are typically found in boats larger than 35 feet. The main reason that diesel engines
are not used in smaller boats is weight. The engine in general weighs more than a gas
engine. However, they are used in larger vessels because of their ability to produce
torque.
In general diesel engines run at lower RPM's than a traditional gas engines.
Jet Drive
These propulsion systems have the advantage of having no propeller to cause potential
danger to people in the water and marine life. They are usually inboard engines that take
in water that flows through a pump powered by an impeller. The water is then
discharged at high pressure through a nozzle that propels the boat forward. The nozzle
swivels to provide steering to the boat. Most personal watercraft use jet drives.
Note: When power is not being applied, a jet driven vessel loses its steering because it is
the stream of water that steers the boat. Keep hands, feet and hair away from the pump
intake and do not operate in shallow water.
PSCRB DAY 2 26
LIFEBOAT PROPULSION
 Every lifeboat shall be provided by a compression-ignition engine. No engine

shall be used for any lifeboat if its fuel has a flashpoint of 43ºc or less (closed-
cup test).
 The engine shall be capable of operating for not less than five minutes after
starting from cold with the lifeboat out of the water.
 Provided by a manual or power starting system with two independent
rechargeable energy sources, and also provided with starting aids to start the
engine at ambient temperature of -15ºc w/in two minutes.
 The engine shall be capable of operating when the lifeboat is flooded up to the
centerline of the crankshaft.
 The propeller shafting shall be so arranged that the propeller can be disengaged
from the engine. Provision shall be made for ahead and astern propulsion of the
lifeboat.
 The exhaust pipe shall be so arranged to prevent water entry in the engine.
 All lifeboats shall be designed with due regard to the safety of persons in the
water & propeller damage.
 The speed of the lifeboat shall be at least 6 knots in calm water and at least 2
knots when towing a 25 person life raft that is fully loaded.
 The engine, transmission & accessories shall be protected by a fire-retardant
casing as a protection from the weather and sea and to people from accidental
contact w/ hot & moving parts.
 Engines shall be so designed to limit electromagnetic emissions that may
interfere with communication equipment’s.
 Means shall be provided for recharging lifeboat batteries from ship’s power
supply, voltage not exceeding 50v which can be disconnected at the lifeboat’s
embarkation station.
 Instructions for starting and operation of engines shall be provided near the
engine starting controls or any conspicuous place near the engine.
PSCRB DAY 2 27
Engine Cooling
►Engine cooling is the process of cooling an engine by using either air or liquid.
►As engines generate mechanical power they also generate waste heat energy because
they are not perfectly efficient. The engine must therefore be cooled to prevent it from
cooking in its own heat.
►Although some waste heat goes out with exhaust gases in most conventional internal
combustion engines, further cooling is needed otherwise some components will get so
hot that materials or lubricants will fail.
►Most liquid-cooled engines use a mixture of water and other chemicals such as
antifreeze and rust inhibitors. Some use no water at all, instead using a liquid with
different properties, such as ethylene glycol.
►Liquid-cooling makes it easier to maintain each part of the engine at a given

temperature in normal operation. Liquids have less temperature rise as they absorb
waste heat
Cooling Systems
►Marine engines are either cooled by closed cooling or raw water cooling systems. A
closed cooling system uses antifreeze and water like a traditional combustion engine.
►A closed system uses a heat exchanger, which regulates the temperature of water
being circulated through the engine block.
►A raw water cooling system uses a circulation pump that allows the raw water the craft
sits in to flow into the engine block to cool it.
PSCRB DAY 2 28
A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to
another, whether the media are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix, or the
media are in direct contact
Air cooled engine – has metal fins built-in to the engine housing to dissipate heat created
to the surrounding air.
Fresh-water cooled- provided with built in jacket water space in the engine casing to
absorb heat.It has water tank and pump to circulate water.
Sea-water cooled- also provided with built-in jacket water space and pump to circulate
water.
HOW TO START A LIFEBOAT MOTOR
(OLD LIFEBOAT MOTOR – diesel Mitsubishi 1978)
1. Check fuel oil content
2. Check lube oil content

3. Check cooling water supply.
4. Keep the transmission lever on neutral position
5. Put choke ( air release cock ) to open position to release air lock from the engine
6. Put throttle to half open position
7. Engage hand crank lever
8. Start cranking until momentum is gained
9. Close the choke ( air release cock ) and continue cranking until the motor starts
10. Try to adjust the throttle and clutch and go ahead or astern. Idling for 3 to 5 minutes
is desirable.
11. Check oil pressure gauge. This should be reading not less than 15 pounds per square
inch. Normal pressure reading on the gauge should be around 50 lbs. per square
inch.
12. Check cooling water circulation by looking at the outflow of water at the stern of the
boat.
13. Check all around the boat for debris and other materials that may foul the propeller.
PSCRB DAY 2 29
How to Start an Inboard Diesel Engine (for newer model lifeboats)
1. Air out the bilge by opening it or running an electric bilge blower for at least 5
minutes.
2. The easiest way to prime a diesel engine IS not have air in the fuel line to start
with.
3. Locate and open the in-line fuel valve, if so equipped.
4. Place the throttle in the idle or slow position.
5. Shift the gearshift into neutral.
6. Check the fuel shut-off lever.
7. If it was left in the "off" position, reset it so the engine will run. Preheat the
cylinders using the glow plug switch if it has one.
8. Turn the starter switch. If the engine doesn't start, advance the throttle to see
whether that encourages it to start.
9. Release the starter switch when the engine starts.
Marine engines fitted on most lifeboats now-a-days can easily be started by a simple pre-
heating and push button or key operation.
Free-fall launching – a launching method where a survival craft loaded with full
compliment of persons and equipment’s is released and allowed to fall into the sea
without any restraining apparatus.
Free-fall lifeboats
Requirements :( chap.iv par.4.7 lsa code)
 Shall be provided with rigid watertight enclosure to give shelter to occupants.

 Shall make positive headway immediately after water entry and not come into
contact w/the ship after launching. (Trim of up to 10º& list of up to 20º either
way).
 The free-fall height shall not exceed the certification height.
 Constructed with sufficient strength to withstand, when fully loaded, a free-fall
height of at least 1.3 times the free-fall certification height.
 So constructed as to render protection against harmful accelerations caused by
the launching height and unfav0rable conditions of trim of up to 10º & list of up
to 20º either way when fully loaded.
 Shall be fitted with a release system w/c shall have 2 independent activation
systems for the release mechanisms which may only be operated from inside the
lifeboat and be marked in a color that contrast with its surroundings.
PSCRB DAY 2 30
 The carrying capacity of free-fall lifeboat is the number of persons that can be
provided with a seat w/o interfering with the means of propulsion or the
operation of any of the lifeboat’s equipment.
Provided with a certificate of approval stating:
 free-fall certification height

 required launching ramp length
 Launching ramp angle for the free-fall certification height.
Free-fall certification height-
The greatest launching height for which the lifeboat is to be approved, measured from
the still water surface to the lowest point on the lifeboat when the lifeboat is in the
launch configuration.
Launching ramp length
The distance between the stern of the lifeboat and the lower end of the launching ramp
Launching ramp angle
The angle between the horizontal and the launch rail of the lifeboat in its launching
position with the ship on even keel
Launching appliance for free-fall lifeboat shall be:
 Designed and installed to protect the occupants from harmful acceleration forces
and ensure effective clearing of the ship.
 Constructed so as to prevent sparking and incendiary friction during launching of
the lifeboat.
 Designed and arranged so that in its ready-to-launch position, the distance from
the lowest point of the lifeboat to the water does not exceed the free-fall
certification height (ship at lightship condition).
 So arranged to prevent accidental release of the lifeboat in its unattended
stowed position.
 Release mechanism shall be arranged so that 2 independent actions from inside
the lifeboat are required to launch the lifeboat.
 Provided with a secondary means to launch the lifeboat by falls, equipped with at
least a single off-load capability to release the lifeboat.
PSCRB DAY 2 31
Launching procedure for free-fall lifeboats:
1. Remove lashing and battery charging connection.

2. Embarked in its stowage position.
3. Choose either “free-fall” or “lowering” position on the buttons provided for
launching.
Overview of seating arrangement in a free fall lifeboat (make Nor safe)
Embarkation
Embarkation into the lifeboat is via an aft door. Passengers take their seat and strap
themselves in. Depending on the type of lifeboat, it can be necessary to strap the head
as well. Because persons are strapped in, it is not possible to let them wear a lifejacket,
unless it is an inflatable lifejacket. The lifejacket can be stowed in the lifeboat or taken
from the ship and placed under the seat or on the knees during the launch. It is not
allowed to take any other loose objects in the boat. Objects like a hammer or screwdriver
can seriously harm the passengers during launch.
After embarkation of the passengers, the lifeboat can be launched by opening the
release hook(s). This is controlled from inside the lifeboat. By opening a valve, a
hydraulic circuit is opened and by pumping, pressure can be build up. The pressure is
used to operate the release mechanism. Two persons are required for this operation, one
to open the valve, the other for building up the pressure.
a) FREE-FALL BUTTON -
 First push on the button activates alarm signal allowing the persons on board the
boat to get ready for falling.
 The boat will be released from the davit by the second push of the button.
b) LOWERING BUTTON
 Pushing the button once connects the lowering wire to the boat.
PSCRB DAY 2 32
 A new push on the button takes the davit and lifeboat into position and lowering
by falls starts automatically.
c) In case the automatic release buttons do not work, the boat may be release by a
manually operated hydraulic pump. a number of strokes on the hydraulic pump lever
releases the locking mechanism at the after part of the boat, allowing the boat to fall into
the water.
The lifeboat
Most lifeboats are constructed of glass reinforced polyester or aluminum. They have a
special designed shape to minimize acceleration during the impact. The maximum drop
height is up to 35 m. typical weight of the boat with equipment varies between 3000 kg
for a 23 person’s boat up to 17000 kg for a 90 person’s boat.
Davit system
The free fall davit with an A-frame shows the launching skid. The davit system can also
be used to lower the lifeboat via the wires. Then the boat is hooked up to the falls and
lowered in a controlled manner into the water. This makes it possible to use the lifeboat
in water with ice or other objects as well as in shallow water, where escape via a free fall
is not possible.
Launching
The free fall lifeboat is stowed in skid, at the stern of the ship. This position at the ship
ensures that even under a list of 20° and a trim up to 10°, the release angle is still
sufficient for a safe launch. If the lifeboat is launched from the sideboard, the release
angle can become too small. From model experiments it is known that with a too small
launching angle, the lifeboat can bounce back from the water like a floater.
The lifeboat slides on rollers (2), which are connected to the skid, the launching ramp for
the lifeboat.
PSCRB DAY 2 33
Release mechanism
Several release mechanisms are used for free fall lifeboats:
Type I
The first type is shown above; the lifeboat is connected with a hook at the aft to a fixed
frame.
A) Connection to fixed structure B) Release hook in stowed position
c) Release hook in stowed position d) Close up of release hook prior to release
From inside the lifeboat, a cam (Figure above) can be turned by hydraulic pressure. The
hook is free to turn round its hinge and the shackle, which is connected to the fixed
frame, is released. The boat is able to slide down the skid.
Type II
The second type is the so called twist lock system. It is positioned in the centre at the aft
of the lifeboat
PSCRB DAY 2 34
In stowed position, the twist lock prevents the lifeboat from sliding. The twist lock can be
turned 90° degrees from inside the lifeboat by hydraulic pressure. In this new position,
the lifeboat is released and can slide along the skid.
Type III
For the third type an hydraulic pump lifts the aft of the boat until a hook disengages the
securing bar on the davit. The boat is then free to fall. The company Nor safe uses this
type of release mechanism.
RELEASED USING WIRE OR FALLS
PSCRB DAY 2 35
Retrieval
The free fall davit system has an hydraulic driven A-frame construction. The retrieval of
the lifeboat is done by falls, which need to be connected to the off-load hooks at the
lifeboat. The design of the retrieval construction can e.g. be a 3-point sling with or
without a spreader
LIFERAFTS
Life raft Information
►Inflatable life rafts generally have a lifespan of eight to fifteen years.
►Practically all raft manufacturers recommend servicing your raft annually. (Never
exceed 2-3 years due to the chance of battery/flare corrosion)
PSCRB DAY 2 36
►Rafts are made of several different types of materials. This is what accounts for some
of the price variances between brands. The basic types are:
1. Rubber based: A cloth material with rubber, neoprene, or similar substance on

both sides. The technology has been around since the 40's. Proven over the years,
these rafts are handmade and the most costly to produce. Considered by many as
the best.
2. PVC based: These use a cloth base that has a PVC or urethane type material on
both sides. They generally utilize heat-welded seams that are machine made and
therefore less costly to produce.
3. Tube in tube based: These usually have a PVC/cloth outer shell with a
polyurethane inner tube. These rafts boast low cost and ease of repair.
►As far as stability, the larger the ballast system (and therefore the amount of water it
holds) the better. Keeping the raft upright in heavy seas is important.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFERAFTS:
 Shall be so constructed to be dropped into the water from a height of 18m. If

stowed more than 18m, it must have been drop-tested from at least that height.
 Shall be so constructed to withstand exposure for 30 days afloat in all sea
conditions.
 A floating life raft shall be capable of withstanding repeated jumps onto it from a
height of at least 4.5m above its floor both with or without the canopy erected.
 So constructed to enable it to be towed at a speed of 3 knots in calm water fully

loaded and with one sea anchor streamed.
 Shall have a canopy that will automatically set up in place when launched &
waterborne that will protect occupants from exposure.
PSCRB DAY 2 37
 No life raft shall be approved which has a carrying capacity of less than 6
persons. Its total mass, with the container and equipment’s shall not exceed 180
kgs.
 Fitted with a painter not less than 10m + the distance from the stowed position
to the waterline (lightship) or 15m whichever is greater?
 Every passenger ship’s davit launched life raft shall be so arranged that it can be
boarded rapidly by full complement of persons.
 Every cargo ship’s davit launched life raft shall be so arranged that it can be boarded
with persons within 3 min.
TYPES OF LIFERAFTS:
1. INFLATABLE 2. RIGID TYPE
PSCRB DAY 2 38
INFLATABLE LIFERAFT REQUIREMENTS
 Main buoyancy chamber shall be divided into not less than 2 compartments.
 the floor shall be waterproof, capable of being sufficiently insulated against cold
by one or more compartments
 Capable of being inflated through a non-return valve with a non- toxic gas.
Within 1 min. at ambient temp. Of 18- 20ºc and within 3 min. at ambient temp.
Of -30ºc.
 MAINTAINS ITS FORM WHEN INFLATED AND BE ABLE TO SUPPORT, WITH

positive freeboard the number of persons it is permitted to carry (75kg each).
 Inflatable compartments shall be capable of withstanding at least 3x the working

pressure and shall be prevented from reaching a pressure exceeding twice the
working pressure.
 Provided with ladder or boarding ramp to enable persons to board the raft.
 Its stability shall be such when standing upright, and when in the inverted
position, can be righted in a seaway and calm water by one person.
 can be towed at speed of 3 knots in calm water
Markings on inflatable life rafts
► the life raft shall be marked with:

.1 maker's name or trade mark;
.2 serial number;
.3 date of manufacture (month and year);
.4 name of approving authority;
.5 name and place of servicing station where it was last serviced;
.6 date of last serviced & next service
PSCRB DAY 2 39
.7 numbers of persons it is permitted to accommodate over each entrance in characters

not less than 100 mm in height of a colour contrasting with that of the liferaft.
.8 Provisions shall be made for marking each life raft with the name and port of registry
of the ship to which it is to be fitted, in such a form that the ship identification can be
changed at any time without opening the container.
.9 SOLAS;
.10 type of emergency pack enclosed;
.11 length of painter;
.12 maximum permitted height of stowage above waterline (drop-test height);and
.13 launching instructions
REASONS WHY LIFERAFT CAPSIZE
1. Time delay occurring prior to the deployment of the sea anchor.

2. Water stability pockets ineffective until water filled.
3. Severe surface winds, destroying life raft’s contact with the water, causing
combined wind and wave action to turn the life raft.
4. Lack of body weight or unequal distribution of weight inside the life raft following
immediate launching.
RIGHTING-UP AN INVERTED LIFERAFT
1. Move around the raft until the wind is in your face, so that the wind will be assisting
you, not opposing you (all survivors should relocate to this side of the raft). Rotate the
raft around until you locate the righting location which is generally where the gas
cylinder is attached to the side of the raft. In most cases there will be some indication, a
pictograph or text, that this is the righting location.
PSCRB DAY 2 40
2. Grab hold of the righting line if possible (some rafts have only a handle or handles)
and use it to assist you to climb up onto the inverted floor of the raft. On smaller rafts
simply pulling on the righting line or handle, or doing so while bracing against the side of
the raft with your knees or feet, may suffice to pull the raft over.
3. Once up on the inverted raft, place your feet on the gas cylinder, or on the edge of
the bottom of the raft, grab hold of the righting line or righting handle, stand up and
lean back, pulling the raft over onto yourself by holding onto the righting line or handle.
4. The raft will come over on top of you. Don't panic, the raft weighs little
and won't hurt you, and don't let go of the righting line if possible.
Maintaining a grip on the line, pull yourself back out from under the life raft. If there is a
righting handle, you'll need to let go to work your way out from under the raft.
5. Do not try to right the raft from the side opposite the gas cylinder. When the raft
comes over, the hard, heavy cylinder can come down on top of you or another survivor
and cause injury.
Boarding a life raft from the water without help is hard. Pull yourself in head first using
the boarding ladder and lifelines at the raft entrance to get your upper body aboard. It
may help to bob down and use the buoyancy of your PDF or exposure suit to help lift you
out of the water. Once your upper body is on the buoyancy tube, there should be
internal lifelines to help you pull yourself all the way in. Try to pull yourself in with the
boarding ladder and lifelines rather than the canopy, which could be torn by your weight.
PSCRB DAY 2 41
RIGID LIFERAFT REQUIREMENT
 Shall comply with the general requirements for life rafts.

 The buoyancy shall be provided with inherently buoyant material that is fire-
retardant or be protected by fire-retardant material.
 The floor of the life raft shall prevent the ingress of water and shall effectively
support occupants out of water and insulate them from cold.
 When floating, its strength and stability shall be such that it is either self-righting
and can be easily righted by one person.
STOWAGE AND ARRANGEMENT OF LIFERAFTS
Each life raft must be stowed and arranged to permit it to drop into the water and must
be:
 outboard of the rail or bulwark

 on a platform adjacent to the rail or bulwark
 available on either side of the ship
 Within the reach of the lifting device not rendered inoperable by: limits of
trim/list; ship’s motion & power failure.
 each life raft must have a painter system providing a connection between the ship
and the life raft
 Provided with float-free arrangement with approved type of hydrostatic release unit
( hru ).
 The container shall be constructed to withstand all conditions of weather at sea,
buoyant, watertight and fitted with drain holes at bottom.
 Each rigid container of inflatable life raft to be launched by a launching device must
be secured so that the container or part of it does not fall into the water during &
after inflation.
 Life raft shall be packed in such a way as to ensure, as far as possible, that the
waterborne life raft inflates in an upright position on breaking free from its container.
PSCRB DAY 2 42
HRU SENHOUSE SLIP
LIFERAFT LAUNCHING METHODS:
 throw overboard ( manual )

 davit-launched
 automatic ( h r u )

Throw Overboard
PSCRB DAY 2 43
RELEASE HOOK
Automatic (HRU)
PSCRB DAY 2 44
Stowage and Float Free Arrangements for Inflatable Life rafts
A life raft is required to do two things:
1. Float free and automatically inflate if the ship sinks
 This is achieved by fitting a Hydrostatic Release Unit (HRU) which automatically

releases when the life raft is submerged.
 The life raft then starts to float to the surface because of its internal buoyancy,
pulling out the painter which is now only connected by the weak link at the end
of the painter to the vessel.
 When the painter is pulled all the way to the end, the gas cylinder is activated,
and the raft inflates.
 At this point the buoyancy force of the inflated life raft is sufficient to break the
weak link, and the life raft will float to the surface, fully inflated and ready for
boarding.
2. Be manually released and thrown overboard
 In a more controlled abandonment, the life raft retaining strap is released at the
senhouse slip and the raft is physically thrown over the side. The painter is then
pulled to inflate the life raft.
 This system relies critically on the painter being made fast to a strong point. If it
is rigged correctly the HRU is a good strong point.
 If the raft is only secured to the ship by the weak link, and is thrown over the
side, the dynamic shock of being thrown over may break the weak link, instead
of pulling out the painter, and therefore the whole life raft and painter may be
lost.
PSCRB DAY 2 45
3. For these reasons the life raft and HRU must be fitted correctly, otherwise one or both
of the above functions may not work.
4. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS AND the diagrams of the most common types of HRU
ESPECIALLY THE ONE fitted on your ship.
Key points on the stowage of life rafts and HRU’s
Life rafts Must:
 Float free.
 Automatically inflate.
 Have launching instructions displayed.
 Be lit by emergency lighting at the stowage position.
 Clear projections and belting.
 Have approved HRU’s.
 Have adequate length painters for the drop height.
Do’s
 Consult manufacturer’s instructions for HRU fitting instructions.

 Stow clear of propellers and thrusters.
 Stow container with drain holes at the bottom.
 Stow longitudinally in a horizontally fixed cradle.
 Stow to give protection from weather, smoke, soot, oil, heat, flooding.
 Distribute evenly Port and Starboard, and separate longitudinally, to provide

redundancy in event of collision, fire etc.
 Carefully identify and remove any transport lashings.
 Inspect frequently for damage to the container. If it is damaged it needs to

be checked by an approved service station.
Don’ts
 Lash in cradles.
 Stow under overhanging decks or awnings.
 Allow contact with materials containing copper or copper compounds.
PSCRB DAY 2 46
 Hose down.
 Concentrate all Life-Saving Appliances in one place.
Consider:
 Will it float free?

 The risk of damage from cargo or fishing operations.
 Interference with other rafts or lifeboats.
 Effects of icing.
 Effects on ship’s compass.
 Ability to manually transfer life raft to either side.
 Height above waterline - should be as near to waterline as safe and
practicable.
Davit Launched Liferafts (DLR’s)
 Must be at least 9m forward of propeller.

 Must be not less than 2m above waterline at embarkation position, in fully loaded
condition, unfavorable trim and 20° list.
 2crew can prepare for embarkation and launching in less than 5 minutes per raft.
Forward Life raft on ships greater than 100m
 HRU not required.

 Must have manual release.
 Must have means of embarkation (a securely fastened knotted lifeline is
sufficient).
Maintenance:
 Life rafts must be sent to an approved service station for survey once every
twelve months.
 After heavy weather, examine life rafts in stowage boxes to make sure there has
been no movement to cause chafing.
 If the life raft does not fit snugly, put in some packing. The securing strops
round Glass-Fiber containers should be examined for wear, and lashings
checked.
PSCRB DAY 2 47
 Glass-Fiber Containers should be kept clean by washing down, never hose down,
as the pressure in some deck hoses can be very powerful and water might
penetrate the sealing strip. Examine the bands and sheer pins for rust, and
grease the pins if necessary.
 If a container is accidentally broken or cracked, put a patch on immediately. A

life raft must always be 100 per cent efficient, and if it has suffered damage or if
there is any doubt about its general condition, get in touch with your nearest
Service Station on arrival in port.
 Life rafts are surveyed by a Department of Transport Surveyor and sealed before
leaving the factory or service station. The metal seals should be left intact.
 Every life raft has a log-card which should be kept with the ship's papers and be
available at all times for inspection by Board of Trade Surveyors. When a life raft
is sent ashore for survey the log-card must be forwarded to the Service Station
which will enter particulars of the work carried out and the date. Every entry is
certified by a Board of Trade Surveyor.
 A life raft in its valise or container is more liable to damage than when it is
inflated, so when moving a life raft, always handle with care. When hoisting a life
raft in a valise, do not put a sling round it but use a cargo tray.
HANDLING SURVIVAL CRAFT / RESCUE BOAT IN HEAVY WEATHER
 Boat handling in heavy weather is similar to boat handling in calm weather.

 Although the man oeuvres are the same, it will require the crew greater
concentration & alertness.
 Heavy weather will cause great discomfort & hampers your decision making.
CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:
1. SAFETY OF EVERYONE, LOOSE EQUIPMENT OR PERSONAL GEAR.
2. ARE LIFELINES AND HARNESSES RIGGED AND IN READY POSITION?
3. BOAT STABILITY
 Heavy weather means heavy wind and seas, causing rolling, pitching and
yawing.
PSCRB DAY 2 48
 It is important to know how to minimize these motions to ensure a safer and

more comfortable ride.
SHIP BODY MOTIONS
ROLLING
 Rolling is caused when running beam to seas or slightly quartered off the seas.
 To correct this, alter your course at beam seas or slowing down when you are
quartering, to interrupt the frequency of contact with the waves.
PITCHING
 Severe pitching will fatigue or injure the crew long before it damages your boat
and it is the least dangerous in heavy weather.
 It can be corrected in the same manner as correcting rolling, alter course and /
or speed.
YAWING
 Yawing is the situation when the boat is running stern-to in heavy seas where
the boat stern is being lifted by the oncoming swell, causing the boat to swerve
out of control or broach to one side.
PSCRB DAY 2 49
 To keep from yawing, realize that the wave is approaching your stern. If the
approaching wave is large & steep, slow down before the waves gets you and
allow it to flow underneath you. After the wave goes under the boat, increase
your power to the original rpm.
 Another action is to do the “s” turn.it is very effective and safe man oeuvre as
long as it is done in time and done correctly. It is the most often used man
oeuvre.
MARINE EVACUATION SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS FOR MES (6.2 LSA CODE)

1. MES shall provide for safe descent of persons of various ages, sizes & physical
capabilities, wearing lifejackets from embarkation to the floating platform or
survival craft.
2. The strength and construction of the passage shall be to the satisfaction of the
administration.
3. The platform shall have sufficient buoyancy, be stable in seaway and provide a
safe working area for the operators.
4. If the passage gives direct access to the survival craft, it should be provided with
a quick release arrangement and capable of being deployed by one person.
5. Enables fast transfer of persons from the ship to the inflated life raft within a
period of 30min. for passenger ships and 10min. for cargo vessels.
6. capable of being deployed from a ship under unfavorable conditions of trim of up
to 10º and list of up to 20º either way.
7. Provides satisfactory means of evacuation in a sea state associated with a wind
force of 6 in the beau fort scale.
PSCRB DAY 2 50
8. if fitted with an inclined slide, the angle of the slide to the horizontal is:
 Within the range of 30º- 35º when the ship is upright (lightship).
 For passenger ships, a maximum of 55º in the final stage of flooding.
9. Designed to remain effective under conditions of icing.
10. So constructed that only a minimum amount of routine maintenance is

necessary.
Parts requiring maintenance shall be readily accessible and easily maintained.
PSCRB DAY 2 51

PSCRB

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Globe Maritime Training Center

Lifeboat, life raft, buoyant apparatus and lifebuoy

A boat designed to rescue person in distress and marshal survival crafts

A launching method whereby a survival craft with compliment of persons and

An appliance which is inflated by non-toxic gas

A device or crane used for lowering and hoisting survival crafts

STOWAGE OF SURVIVAL CRAFTS

 SURVIVAL CRAFTS MUST BE STOWED :

a. on open decks and

b. Pivoted type davit - Consists of an arm connected through a pivoted linkage to

2. Mechanical - Requires application of an external force to move a boat outboard in

b. Winch control – for moving falls up and down

LAUNCHING APPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS:

 Launching mechanism can be actuated by one person on deck or w/in the

PARTS OF A LIFE BOAT

3. Dead man's handle (winch brake),

 Fitted with safety device to automatically cut off power.

LIMIT SWITCH HAND CRANK

 lowering speed shall be equal to:

View of davit, showing lifeboat in the stowed and swung-out positions

1. Winch-brake remote-release cable,

View of davits and side of lifeboat in the stowed position

3. Release the gripes of the lifeboat.

4. Release the harbour pins/ stopper bars on the davits.

7. Start embarkation of crew / passengers.

Launching totally enclosed lifeboat

A. Preparation before launching

1. Prepare transceivers, and confirm the communication condition.<Activity on the

C. Release of safety pin ( if fitted ) for winch hand brake lever

D. Release of davit arm stopper ( harbour pin )

E. Boarding the lifeboat

4. Turn on the power supply switch. <Activity in the lifeboat>

7. Close the drain valve on exhaust pipe. <Activity in the lifeboat>

8. Fasten seatbelt. <Activity in the lifeboat>

G. Release gear operation (Releasing Procedure)

Confirm the following before the operation:

 The lifeboat is fully waterborne.

1. Confirm that the lifeboat is waterborne. <Activity in the lifeboat>

This operation is conducted when the lifeboat is not fully waterborne.

 Operation of the release handle upon insufficient confirmation of safety may

►Confirm the following before the operation

 The lifeboat is as close as possible to the water surface.

Resetting procedure of release hook

►The resetting procedure is to be in accordance with the following steps:

 The recovery procedure is to be in accordance with the following steps only

Connection of the suspension link

1. Manoeuvre the lifeboat to come under boat falls.

7. Where the resetting is incomplete, return to the first step.

 Both hooks should be connected simultaneously to prevent damage due to

J. Hoisting the lifeboat

3. Disembark from the lifeboat. <Activity on the ship>

►Position two persons on davit platform to watch for proper stowage.

1. Hoist the davit arm manually. <Activity on the ship>

3. Detach the manual hoisting handle. <Activity on the ship>

4. Set the davit arm stop immediately.<Activity on the ship>

Requirements for lifeboats

Section 4.4 lSA code

 The buoyant material provides 280 n of buoyant force / person.

Totally Enclosed Lifeboat

TOTALLY ENCLOSED LIFEBOAT ( TEL1 )

 it is possible to row the lifeboat

LIFEBOATS WITH A SELF-CONTAINED AIR SUPPORT SYSTEM

 When waterborne, shall be capable of protecting the number of persons it is