Vocabulary

IDIOMS: (related to time)

Use a dictionary to check the meaning of the phrases in the box. Then
complete sentences 1-11 with the correct phrase.

by the time time-consuming took so long

spend time at times the right time
in time take your time save time
lose track of time on time from time to time
1) I am not in regular contact with him; I just send him an
email .....................
2) Excuse me, do you have ....................? I have a job interview at 9 o’clock
and I really want to get there .....................
3) I prefer to shop online to avoid the crowds and .....................
4) He can get a bit bad-tempered .....................
5) .................... we get home this pizza will be cold!
6) I arrived just .................... to watch a spectacular sunset.
7) I ordered a book for my sister’s birthday, but it .................... to get
delivered that it missed her birthday.
8) Every time I go to the library, I ............... Once, I stayed there for 6 hours!
9) Going to university is now very expensive, and looking for the right course
can be very.....................
10) If you get up very early, you can .......... getting ready and may even have
enough time to cook a proper breakfast.
11) After school, I would ................ with my family, rather than hanging out
with friends.

1) from time to time (= sometimes but not often)

2) the right time ... on time (= at the planned time; neither late nor
early)
3) save time
4) at times (= occasionally)
5) By the time
6) in time (= with enough time to spare; before the last moment)
7) took so long (NOT so long time)
8) lose track of time (= to be unaware of what time it is)
9) time-consuming (= taking a lot of or too much time)
10) take your time (= to not hurry)
11) spend time
1) I am not in regular contact with him; I just send him an email from
time to time.
2) Excuse me, do you have the right time? I have a job interview at 9
o’clock and I really want to get there on time.
3) I prefer to shop online to avoid the crowds and save time.
4) He can get a bit bad-tempered at times.
5) By the time we get home this pizza will be cold!
6) I arrived just in time to watch a spectacular sunset.
7) I ordered a book for my sister’s birthday, but it took so long to get
delivered that it missed her birthday.
8) Every time I go to the library, I lose track of time. Once, I stayed there
for 6 hours!
 9) Going to university is now very expensive, and looking for the right
course can be very time consuming.
10) If you get up very early, you can take your time getting ready and
may even have enough time to cook a proper breakfast.
11) After school, I would spend time with my family, rather than
hanging out with friends.

When you learn new vocabulary, try to learn all the forms.
For example: nation (noun), national (adjective), nationally (adverb),
nationalist (person), nationalise (verb)
Complete these sentences with the most appropriate word or expression from
A, B or C.

1) The two machines .......... considerably. One has an electric motor, the
other runs on oil.
A. differ B. differentiate C. differential

2) The .......... in weather between the north and the south of the country is
very noticeable.
A. comparison B. contrast C. compare

3) Many people cannot .......... between lemon juice and lime juice.
A. differ B. Differentiate C. contrast

4) Children must be taught to .......... between right and wrong.

A. differ B. contrast C. distinguish
5) There is a .......... between being interested in politics and joining a
political party.
A. distinguish B. distinctive C. distinction

6) Can you tell the .......... between a good boss and a bad one?
A. difference B. differentiate C. contrast

7) The management must not .......... between male and female applicants.
A. differ B. Contrast C. discriminate

8) Asia covers a huge area. .......... Europe is very small.

A. By way of contrast B. By ways of comparing C. By similar means

9) The new model of car is very .......... to the old one.

A. same B. Similar C. common

10) Her political opinions are .......... to mine.

A. same B. exactly C. identical

11) Some political parties have such similar manifestos that they are difficult
to ...........
A. tell apart B. say apart C. speak apart

12) My friends and I enjoy doing many of the same things. In that respect, we
have a lot ...........
A. in similar B. in particular C. in common
13) There seems to be a large .......... between the number of people
employed in service industries, and those employed in the primary sector.
A. discriminate B. discretion C. discrepancy

14) British and Australian people share the same language, but in other
respects they are as different as ...........
A. cats and dogs B. chalk and cheese C. salt and pepper

15) Britain's economy is largely based on its industry, .......... a few hundred
years ago it was an agrarian country.
A. Where fore B. whereas C. where by

1) The two machines differ considerably. One has an electric motor, the other
runs on oil.
2) The contrast in weather between the north and the south of the country is
very noticeable.
3) Many people cannot differentiate between lemon juice and lime juice.
4) Children must be taught to distinguish between right and wrong.
5) There is a distinction between being interested in politics and joining a
political party.
6) Can you tell the difference between a good boss and a bad one?
7) The management must not discriminate between male and female
applicants.
8) Asia covers a huge area. By way of contrast Europe is very small.
9) The new model of car is very similar to the old one.
10) Her political opinions are identical to mine.
11) Some political parties have such similar manifestos that they are difficult
to tell apart.
12) My friends and I enjoy doing many of the same things. In that respect, we
have a lot in common.
13) There seems to be a large discrepancy between the number of people
employed in service industries, and those employed in the primary sector.
14) British and Australian people share the same language, but in other
respects they are as different as cats and dogs.
15) Britain's economy is largely based on its industry, whereas a few hundred
years ago it was an agrarian country.

SPEAKING
 This refers to your ability to speak at length, including organizing ideas
logically and appropriately signposting.
 This also refers to your ability to express and justify opinions, to
analyze, discuss and speculate about issues without long pauses or
repetition of the same words.
 As you are speaking about a topic, expand & build on what you say by
adding a few details.

 For part 2 of the test, use the bullet points on the task card to
help you structure your long turn and make notes in the 1 minute that’s
given using key words.

 In part 3, it is important to develop your answers and to speak at length.

You can do this by talking about ...
Q. What do you do?
A: I am a teacher. I have been a high school mathematics teacher in
New York for over 5 years.
Here are some examples for Part 3:

COMPARE / CONTRAST
• "in my view, there are two main differences . . ."

RESPONDING TO A POINT
• "yes, I agree because . . . "
• "I'm not sure I agree with that, you see . . . "

SPECULATING ON THE FUTURE

• "I think a lot of . . . "
• "Maybe there'll be more . . . "
• "It's unlikely that we will have . . . "

Connecting your ideas effectively is key, but try to practice this using a variety
of linking words, rather than the same ones again and again. Try to add more
words to this list to help improve your range of linking words:

Not only that...

On top of that...
Likewise...
Whereas...
In contrast...
Provided that...
As a result...
Because of this...
Consequently...
This is due to...

Saying you don’t know about a subject, but sharing what you do know:
“I would probably say . . .”
“I’m not sure how to answer that but perhaps …”

COMPARATIVE STRUCTURES
I like watching movies more than watching TV.
I think banks are as much to blame as governments on this issue.

VARIOUS CONDITIONAL STRUCTURES

If we breathe too much carbon dioxide, we will increasingly find breathing
difficult.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big apartment for my family.
If I had the opportunity, I would ensure a solution was found.

MODAL VERBS
The government has to be more open…
Many people think we should be doing more for the environment….

PERFECT TENSES
My country has developed skills in managing sensitive diplomatic relations.
I have been learning English for 2 years.
We had never thought about pollution until reports were released recently.
DIFFERENT WAYS OF TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE
I’m moving to Australia next year;
I’m going to the cinema tomorrow night;
I will probably quit work in a few years.

PASSIVE TENSES
The movie was directed by a first-timer.
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TYPES OF COLLOCATION

There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of

verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:

 adverb + adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)

  adjective + noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
 noun + noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
 noun + verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
 verb + noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
 verb + expression with preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up
in tears)
 verb + adverb:

Verb collocations

have do make

have a bath do business make a

have a drink do nothing difference
have a good time do someone a favour make a mess
have a haircut do the cooking make a mistake
have a holiday do the housework make a noise
have a problem do the shopping make an effort
have a relationship do the washing up make furniture
have a rest do your best make money
have lunch do your hair make progress
have sympathy do your homework make room
make trouble

take break catch

take a break break a habit catch a ball
take a chance break a leg catch a bus
take a look break a promise catch a chill
take a rest break a record catch a cold
take a seat break a window catch a thief
take a taxi break someone's heart catch fire
take an exam break the ice
take notes break the law
take someone's place break the news to
take someone's someone
temperature break the rules

pay save keep

pay a fine save electricity keep a diary

pay attention save energy keep a promise
pay by credit card save money keep a secret
pay cash save one's strength keep an appointment
pay interest save someone a seat keep calm
pay someone a save someone's life keep control
compliment save something to a keep in touch
pay someone a visit disk keep quiet
pay the bill save space keep someone's
pay the price save time place
pay your respects save yourself the keep the change
trouble