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Plasma Membrane
•serves as a barrier and a
gateway between the
cytoplasm and its external
Cellular environment
Transport
Mechanisms •selectively permeable; allows
both the solvent and the
lgpadilla solutes to pass through it.

Plasma Membrane
•Amphipathic –
Possess polar hydrophilic
head and non-polar
hydrophobic tails.

The movement of substances into and out of the

cell can be classified in two overlapping ways: Passive Transport
•The net movement of particles from a
Passive Active
Transport Transport place of high concentration to a place
of lower concentration.
does not require ATP require energy ATP
energy

Sodium-
Diffusion Osmosis Exocytosis Endocytosis Potassium
Pump
•It can be described as the random
vesicular transport movement of particles down a
facilitated
diffusion
Isotonic hypotonic hypertonic concentration gradient.
- channel proteins receptor-
- carrier proteins phagocytosis pinocytosis
mediated

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Diffusion
•particles move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower
concentration
Osmosis
•particles move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower
concentration
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Gas Exchange in the lungs Gas exchange in plants
Osmosis
•The diffusion of water down
its concentration gradient,
through a selectively
permeable membrane that
separates solutions with
different concentration of
solutes.
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Tonicity
•Measure of strength of a
solution in relation to osmosis
•Solutions compared outside
the cell or in the cytoplasm
•Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
solutions are solutions to
describe tonicity
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Water Potential
•measure of the tendency of
water to move from one place
to another
Osmotic Concentration of Solutions
a) A hypotonic solution
with a low solute
concentration results in
b) An isotonic solution with
a concentration of
solutes equal to that
c) A hypertonic solution,
with a high solute
concentration, causes
swelling of the RBC
placed into the solution.
Water enters the cell by
inside the cells results in
a normal shaped RBC.
Water moves into and
shrinkage (crenation) of
the RBC as water moves
by osmosis out of the
osmosis, and the RBC out of the cell at the cell and into the
lyses (bursts). same rate, but there is hypertonic solution.
no net water movement.
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Facilitated Diffusion
•The carrier-mediated
transport of a solute
through a membrane.
•Transports solutes such as
glucose that cannot pass
through the membrane
unaided.

Active Transport
Facilitated • process in which energy is used to
move particles of a substance against a
Diffusion concentration gradient; region of lower
concentration to a region of higher
concentration
• only happens in living cells
• Involved in the absorption of:
• dissolved mineral salts by the root hairs
• glucose and amino acids by cells in the small
intestine

Vesicular Transport (vesicle-mediated transport)

• Moves large particles, droplets of
fluid, or numerous molecules at
once through the membrane,
contained in bulblike vesicles of
membrane.
•Endocytosis – bringing matter into a
cell
•Exocytosis – releasing material from
a cell

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Sodium-Potassium (Na+ - K+)

Phagocytosis – cell eating
Pinocytosis – cell drinking
Pump
• Binds three Na+ simultaneously on
RME – molecule binds to the surface the cytoplasmic side of the
of the protein through receptor membrane, releases these to the
proteins ECF, and releases these into the
cell.
• Each cycle of the pump consumes
one ATP and exchanges three Na+
for two K+.

This presentation is from an anonymous teacher who also

teaching science subjects. Contents are adopted and
modified for shs learners. 