AQA GCSE

Notes and Questions

Organic Chemistry
Crude Oil:

Crude oil is a f______ resource found in

rocks.

1. What was crude oil the remains of?

Crude oil is a m___________ of a very large number of compounds.

Most of the compounds in crude oil are H_____________.

2. What is a Hydrocarbon?

The many h__________ in crude oil maybe s__________ into

f_________. Each f__________ contains molecules with a similar

number of c________ atoms.

3. What process is used to separate the crude oil?

Fractional Distillation:

4. Describe the process of Fractional Distillation and

underline the keywords.
 5. Identify the substances labelled by the letters A-G

The fractions can be processed to produce f______ and

f___________ for the petrochemical industry.

Many of the f__________ on which we depend for our modern

lifestyle are produced from crude oil.

6. What fuels are used for the following transport?

Car:

Van:

Lorry:

Aeroplane:

Ship:
Many other useful materials on which modern life depends are

produced from components of crude oil.

7. Identify some other products of the petrochemical

industry.

The vast array of n________ and s_________ carbon

compounds occur due to the ability of carbon atoms to form
f_________ of similar compounds.
On what fractions do the following depend upon??
Properties of Hydrocarbons:

As you go from the top of the fractionating c__________ to the

b_________ the h___________ in the f___________ become

longer. This is because the have more c________ atoms in their

c__________.

8. Explain what happens to the boiling point as the number of

carbon atoms increases?

9. Explain what happens to the viscosity as the number of

carbon atoms increases?
Combustion:

The combustion (b____________) of h___________ fuels releases

e_________.

10. What type of reaction is combustion?

The products of combustion depend upon the amount of o________

available. If there is a plentiful supply of o__________ then we call

it c___________ c__________.

11. Write balanced symbol equations for the complete

combustion of the following?

a) C3H8

b) C4H8

c) C5H10
Hydrocarbons:

Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are hydrocarbons called

a__________. A__________ are a family of compounds that share
a number of similarities.

12. What name do we give to this type of family?

13a. What properties do the members of the alkane family

share?

13b. What is the general formula of these Alkanes?

Name Formula Displayed Formula
14. Which of the following are alkanes?

Hexane

Ethene

Dodecane
Cracking:

13. Which fraction is most in demand from the Fractional

Distilation of Crude Oil?

14. As the demand for this fraction cannot come from

fractional distillation alone what have scientists done to try
and meet the excess demand?
Catalytic Cracking:

15. Explain briefly how catalytic cracking works?

16. What type of catalyst is used in cracking?

17. What must you be careful of in this experiment?

Steam Cracking:

18. What are the conditions necessary for steam cracking?

19. What type of reaction is steam cracking?

Products of Cracking:

In cracking a l_______

s________ hydrocarbon

(a_______) is broken

down into more useful

products.

20. What are the products of cracking?

21. Write a general equation for the cracking of a large

alkane?

22. Write a balanced equation for the cracking reaction shown

above?
23. Write an equation to show the cracking of decane into
octane and ethene.?

24. Complete the following equations?

a) C10H22  C7H16 +

b) C10H22  C4H8 +

c) C12H26  C9H20 +

d)  C8H18 + C3H6

e) C12H26  C7H16 + +

f)  C9H20 + C3H6 + C2H4

Alkenes:

Alkenes are u__________ hydrocarbons which

are more r_______ than alkanes.

25. What do all alkenes contain?

26. What are alkenes used for?

Testing for Unsaturation:

It is possible to distinguish unsaturated molecules from other

hydrocarbons using a simple test.

27. What test is used to show whether or not a molecule is

unsaturated?