PERCENTAGES

FRACTIONS DECIMAL PERCENTAGE

PERCENTAGES VALUE
1 1 100%
Percentages play major role in quantitative aptitude of 1
1 0.5 50%
section of all the competitive exams. Apart from direct 2
questions, it is mixed with many other topics like profit 1 0.3333… 33.33%
3
and loss, interests , data interpretation, and averages. 1 0.25 25%
Sometimes it can also be combined with Ratios, time and 4
1 0.2 20%
work infinity and infinity distance. 5
1 0.16666… 16.66%
6
1 0.1428… 14.28%
7
ORIGIN 1 0.125 12.5%
8
As the calculations increased in modern life, 1 0.1111… 11.11%
9
comparisons also increased. But different calculations 1 0.1 10%
have different attributes. So man needed one such 10
1 0.09090… 9.09%
comparison that can be used with all the calculations. 11
1 0.083333 8.33%
That’s when percent can into existence. For this purpose 12
he chose the number 100. So the name percent. ‘per’ 1 0.0769… 7.69%
13
means for every. Cent means ‘100’. So percentage means 1 0.0714… 7.14%
just a comparison with 100. 14
1 0.06666… 6.66%
15
Ex: if you score 60 marks out of 80 marks and what is 1 0.0625 6.25%
your percentage means, for 80 if you score 60, then for 16
1 0.0588… 5.88%
100 how many marks you score? 17
1 0.0555… 5.55%
60 x 18
i.e. = 1
80 100 0.0526… 5.26%
19
60 1
𝑥 = 80 × 100 0.05 5%
20
1 0.0476… 4.76%
𝑥 = 75 21
1 0.0454… 4.54%
22
So the percent is 75. It is represented using a symbol % 1 0.0434… 4.34%
23
i.e. percentage is 75%. 1 0.0416.. 4.16%
24
1 0.04 4%
There are different types of problems in percentages. But 25
to go to problems, we must know few basics of
percentages.

CONVERTING FRACTIONS INTO PERCENTAGES.

CONVERTING PERCENTAGE INTO FRACTION.
Table:
Ex : 75% means 75 out of 100.
75
i.e. 100
80
80% 100

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 PERCENTAGES
25 Type 1:
25%
100
10 If more than one is percentage applied on a same
10% 100 number, we call them successive percentages.
CALCULATING 10%, 5% AND 1% OF A NUMBER. Ex: If a number is increased by 20% and 10% find the
10 𝑥 percentage change.
 10% (𝑥) = 100
(𝑥) = 10
Solution : here we don’t know which number we should
I.e to calculate 10% of any number, we must divide that increase. So let’s assume 100 as our number.
number by 10.
Step 1
1 𝑥
 1% (𝑥) = (𝑥) =
100 100
100 increased by 20%
i.e. to calculate 1% of any number, we must divide it by
20%↑
100. i.e. 100 120
+20
 5%(𝑥) = half of 10%(𝑥). step 2
10% 5% 1% again increased by 10%
8000 800 400 80
700 70 35 7 10%↑
120 132
650 65 32.5 6.5 +12
540 54 27 5.4 change in a value is 32. We want percentage change. i.e.
64 6.4 3.2 0.64 32
75 7.5 3.75 0.75 percentage of change in original value. × 100 = 32%↑
100
7 0.7 0.35 0.07
Even if we take some other number apart from 100, we
8 0.8 0.4 0.08
will get the same answer. This is left for the students to
0.9 0.09 0.045 0.009
verify.

Ex : If a number is increased by 10% and 10%. find the

Applications
percentage change.
30%(𝑥) can be calculated as 10%(𝑥) × 3.
Solution :
40%(x) = 10%(𝑥)*4 or 50% (𝑥)-10%(𝑥) or 40/100(x) 21
10%↑ 10%↑
100
+10
110
+11
121 ∴ 100 × 100 = 21%↑
𝑥
25%(x) = 20%(x) + 5%(𝑥) or 4 Change = +21

35 Ex : If a number is increased by 20% and decreased by

35%(x) = 30% (x)+ 5%(𝑥) or (𝑥)
100
10%. find the percentage change.
22
22%(𝑥) = 10%(𝑥 )+ 2%(x) or 100
(𝑥) Solution :
20%↑ 10%↓ 08
2%(𝑥) = 1 %(𝑥) × 2 or
2
(𝑥) 100
+20
120
−12
108 ∴ 100 × 100 = 08%↑
100
Change = +8
18
18%(𝑥) = 20%(𝑥) - 2% (x) or (𝑥)
100

73
73%(𝑥) =10% (𝑥) × 7 + 1% (𝑥)*3 or 100
(𝑥)

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 PERCENTAGES
20%↓
Ex : If a number is increased by 20% and decreased by 100 80 100
−20 +20
15%. find the percentage change.
20
i.e. 80 ×100 = 25%↑
Solution :
20%↑ 15%↓ 02 Type 1 : Successive Percentages
100
+20
120
−18
102 ∴ 100 × 100 = 02%↑
Directions (Q.11-20) Find the percentage change
Change = +2 in following questions.

1. A number increased by 10% and 20%

Ex : If a number is decreased by 20% and 10%. find the a.30% b.32% c.20% d.22%
percentage change. 2. a number increased by 20% and 30%
a.50% b.60% c.56% d.66%
Solution : 3. a number increased by 20% and 20%
a.50% b.44% c.40% d.54%
20%↓ 10%↓ 28
100
−20
80
−𝟖
72 ∴ 100 × 100 = 28%↓ 4. a number increased by 20% and decreased by 10%
a.10% b.12% c.18% d.8%
Change = +8 5. a number increased by 30% and decreased by 20%
a.4% b.6% c.10% d.12%
6. a number decreased by 10% and decreased by 10%
Type 2 : a.1% b.21% c.19% d.17%
7. a number decreased by 20% and decreased by 10%
If a number is increased by 25%, then by what percent we a.30% b.22% c.28% d.32%
must decrease it to bring it back to original value? 8. a number decreased by 40% and decreased by 10%
a.46% b.50% c.30% d.42%
Solution:
9. a number increased by 10% and decreased by 10%
Let the number be 100. It is increased by 25% a.0% b.1%↑ c.1%↓ d.5%↓
10. a number increased by 15% and decreased by 15%
25%↑ a.0% b.2.25%↓ c.2.25%↑ d.30%↓
i.e. 100 125
+25

our new number is 125. Now we must decrease it to get Type 2 : INCREASE / DECREASE
back to original value that is 100. 1. If a number increased by 20% by what % we should
25%↑ reduce it to bring back to original value.
100 125 100 a.20% b.25% c.16.66% d.12.5%
+25 −25

25 2. If a number increased by 25% by what % we should

i.e. 125
×100 = 20%↓ reduce it to bring back to original value.
a.20% b.25% c.16.66% d.12.5%
so we decrease it by 20%.
3. If a number increased by 30% by what % we should
If a number is increased by 20%, then by what percent we decrease it to bring back to original value.
must decrease it to bring it back to original value? a.23.1% b.30% c.45% d.12%
4. If a number decreased by 20% by what % we should
20%↑
100 120 100 increase it to bring back to original value.
+20 −20
a.20% b.25% c.16.66% d.12.5%
20
i.e. 120 ×100 = 16.66%↓ 5. If a number decreased by 30% by what % we should
increase it to bring back to original value.
If a number is decreased by 20%, then by what percent a.20% b.25% c.42.85% d.12.5%
we must increase it to bring it back to original value?

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 PERCENTAGES
Type 3 : COMPARISION BASED PROBLEMS
1. If A is greater than B by 10% then B is less than A by
what % ?
a.10% b.9% c.11.11% d.9.09%
2. If A is less than B by 10% then B is greater than A by
what % ?
a.10% b.9% c.11.11% d.9.09%
3. If A is greater than B by 35% then B is less than A by
what % ?
a.25% b.25.9% c.25.11% d.25.09%
PROBLEMS
1) 20% of 600 2) 30% of 800 3) 35% of 900 4) 18% of 1200
5) 11% of 700 6) 17% of 3200 7) 25% of 9292
8) 45% of 9240 9) 82.5% of 9292 10) 6.25% of 8334
11) 28% of 12300 12) 46% of 18540 13) 72% of 14440
14) 55% of 18900 15) 55% of 72850 16) 45% of 63450
17) 45% of 11230 18) 78% of 12350 19) 88% of 43250
20) 98% of 78900
21) If 20% of a number is 40, find the number.
22) If 24% of a number is 72, find the number.
23) If 40% of a number is 7250, find the number.
24) If 12% of a number is 3972, find the number.
25) If 48% of a number is 456, find the number.
26) If 56% of a number is 7896, find the number.
APPLICATION PROBLEMS
1) A company has 8344 chocolates. If company has sold 25% of
its stock, then how many chocolates did it sell?
1) 2086 2) 2386 3) 2286 4) 2186 5) none of these
2)The time duration of one hour forty five minutes is what
percent of a day?
1) 7.218 2) 7.291 3) 8.3 4) 8.24 5) none of these
3) The population of a town increased by 10%, 20% and then
decreased by 30% in three years. If the initial population was
10000, find the new population?
1) 13200 2) 9240 3) 11000 4) 11200 5) none of these
4) The population of a town increased by 25%, 10% and then
decreased by 15% in three years. If the current population of
town is 18700, find the population of town three years ago?
1) 17400 2) 19000 3) 16000 4) 18200 5) none of these
5) Two successive discounts of 10% and 20% are equal to a
single discount of ___
1) 28% 2) 30% 3) 32% 4) 20% 5) none of these
6) Three successive discounts of 10%, 15% and 20% are equal
to a single discount of ___
1) 28% 2) 38.8% 3) 51.8% 4) 39.25% 5) none of these
PERCENTAGES
7) One fourth of one third of two fifth of a number is 15. What
will be40% of that number?
1) 270 2) 180 3) 140 4) 370 5) none of these
8) If 37% of a number is 990.86, what will be approximately
19% of that number?
1) 680 2) 720 3) 500 4) 620 5) none of these
9) 15% of 45% of a number is 105.3 what is the 24% of that
number?
1) 385.5 2) 374.4 3) 390 4) 375 e.none of these
10) 22.005% of 449.999=?
1) 85 2) 100 3) 125 4) 75 5) 150
11) If 75% of a number is added to 75, the result is the number
itself. Then,the number is
1) 300 2) 200 3) 400 4) 100 5) none of these
12) if the length and breadth of rectangle are increased by 20%
and 30%, then find the percentage change in area.
1) 50% 2) 56% 3) 32% 4) 40% 5) none of these
13) if the price 0f the commodity is increased by 25%, then by
what % we must reduce the consumption to keep the
expenditure constant?
1) 20% 2) 50% 3) 100% 4) 45% 5) none of these
14) if the numerator of a fraction is increased by 20% and the
denominator is increased by 25%, the fraction obtained is 3/5.
What was the original fraction?
1) 5/7 2) 4/7 3) 5/8 4) cnbd 5) none of these
15) In an examination there were 1200 boys and 800 girls. 60%
of the boys and 55% of the girls passed the examination. The
percentage of candidates failed is
1) 40% 2) 32% 3) 42% 4) 46% 5) none of these
16) On a test consisting of 250 questions, kiran answered 40%
of the first 125 questions correctly. What percent of the other
125 question does he need to answer correctly for his grade on
the entire exam to be 60%
1) 75 2) 80 3) 60 4) cnbd 5) none of these
17) A bank decides to hire freshers through two level exam
process of prelims and mains. 40% percent of applicants
cleared prelims and 20% of them cleared main exam. If totally
3040 members are selected by bank, then how many members
applied for the job?
1) 42000 2) 33000 3) 30400 4) 38000 5) none
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18) in a class of 65 students and 4 teachers, each student got
sweets that are 20% of the total number of students and
teacher got sweets that are 40% of the total number of
students. How many sweets were there?
1) 845 2) 897 3) 949 4) 104 5) none of these
19) In a class one third of total boys is equal to half of total
girls. If there are 40 girls in class, then total girls makes what
percent of total boys
2 1
1) 66 % 2) 33 3) 25% 4) 20% 5) none of these
3 3
20) In a test minimum passing % for boys and girls is 40% and
35% respectively. A boy scored 483 marks and failed by 117
marks. What is minimum passing marks for girls?
1) 425 2) 525 3) 500 4) 625 5) none of these
21) Pradeep invested 20% more than Mohit. Mohit invested
10% less than Raghu. If the total sum of their investment is
17880, how much amount did raghu invest?
1) 6000 2) 8000 3) 3700 4) 5000 5) none of these
22) The income of A is 150% of the income of B. and the
income of C is 120% of the income of A. if the total income of
A, B and C together is rs.86000. what is c’s income.
1) 30000 2) 32000 3) 20000 4) 36000 5) none of these
23) Rohan decided to donate 15% of his salary to an
orphanage. On the day of donation he changed his mind and
donated rs.1896, which was 80% of what he had decided
earlier. How much is rohan’s salary?
1) 18500 2) 10250 3) 15800 4) cnbd 5) none of these
26) out of the total number of students in a college 12% are
interested in sports. ¾ of total number of students in are
dancing. 10% of total number of students are interested in
singing and the remaining 15 students are not interested in any
of the activities. What is the total number of students in the
college?
1) 450 2) 500 3) 600 4) cnbd e.none of these.
27) In a college election fought between two candidates, one
candidate got 55% of the total valid votes. 15% of the votes
were invalid. If the total votes were 15200, what is the number
of valid votes the other candidate got?
1) 7160 2) 6840 3) 8360 4) 5814 5) none of these
28) In an election between two candidates, only 68 votes were
declared as invalid. the winning candidate scores 52% of votes
and wins by 98 votes. Find the total number of votes polled in.
1) 2518 2) 2624 3) 2672 4) 2820 5) one of these
29) In an election between two candidates, 75 % of the voters
cast their votes, out of which 2% of the votes were declared
invalid. A candidate got 9261 votes which were 75% of the total
valid votes. Find the total number of voters.
1) 16800 2) 15800 3) 16700 4) 15700 5) none of these
30) In a shipment of 140 machine parts, 15% were defective. In
a shipment of 60 machine parts, 20% were defective. For the 2
shipments combined what percent of machine parts were
defective?
1) 35% 2) 25% 3) 65.5% 4) 16.5% 5) none of these

24) Rahul spends 50% of his monthly income on house hold

items, 20% of his monthly income on buying clothes, 5% of his 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
monthly income on medicines, and remaining amount of
rupees 11250 he saves. What is Rahul’s monthly income? a b b C a b b c
1) 38200 2) 34000 3) 41600 4) 45000 5) none of these 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
b b a b a c c B
25) Mr. More spent 20% of his monthly income on food and
15% on children’s education. 40% of the remaining spent on 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
entertainment and transport together and 30% on medical. He d c a b a d c D
is left with an amount of rs.8775 after all these expenditures.
25 26 27 28 29 30
What is Mr.More’s monthly income.
1) 45000 2) 35000 3) 42000 4) 38000 5) none of these a b b a a D

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