Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
N. ALIZADEH
Schlumberger, Well Services of Iran
This paper is to be presented at the Petroleum Society’s 8th Canadian International Petroleum Conference (58th Annual Technical
Meeting), Calgary, Alberta, Canada, June 12 – 14, 2007. Discussion of this paper is invited and may be presented at the meeting if
filed in writing with the technical program chairman prior to the conclusion of the meeting. This paper and any discussion filed will
be considered for publication in Petroleum Society journals. Publication rights are reserved. This is a pre-print and subject to
correction.
Abstract Introduction
Main objective of this study is dealing with a real case study An underground gas storage system can be defined as a
of an Iranian gas condensate reservoir for the purpose of combination of a constant supply with a variable demand for
underground gas storage. Doing such a study in this reservoir economic advantages [1]. In other words, it helps to combine
will aid developing this technology and also demonstrates new low-demand summer season and high-demand winter season.
concept of underground gas storage in partially depleted gas The whole process is injecting natural gas or rarely other gases
reservoirs. into subsurface reservoirs in the periods that demands fall
After gathering some data about the reservoir and preparing bellow the gas supply. When demands exceed the supply, the
a geological model for the field, a simulation plan considered gas will be withdrawn from the reservoir. Fluctuating demands
for this field. Static model converted to a dynamic one by due to temperature and climate make it an economic process
assigning reservoir fluid data. Finally, compositional model of that is necessary in many cases for efficient use of the pipelines.
the reservoir prepared and verified to be accurate through a It also helps to have an effective delivery during peak demand
history matching process. seasons. This process can also help producing oil or condensate
After being sure about accuracy of the model and validating and can be considered as an IOR method too. By increasing
it, different scenarios for underground gas storage developed. demand of gas in many areas of the world, developing storage
Depletion and gas storage scenarios made for the field and plans and effective use of existing storage sources is a priority
results obtained. Gas storage in partially depleted gas reservoir for engineering and economic advantages. Figure 1 illustrates
considered in scenarios for developing this field too. After natural gas supply and demand relation and clarifies importance
comparing different scenarios some practical results achieved of having some gas stored in low demand periods in order to
and best scenario for developing this field chosen. use in high demand periods.
1
Figure 2- Geological model of the field
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Reservoir Behavior Prediction for Gas Storage in Depleted Gas Reservoir
Underground Gas Storage In this scenario production from field starts in year 2007 from
After getting an acceptable history match and being sure that old and new wells. After two years of depletion from 2007, gas
reservoir model is accurate enough, reservoir behavior storage scenario starts at 2009 and field pressure of 2087psia.
prediction is essential to develop economical plans for the field. Cyclic injection and withdrawal periods simulated on the field.
The whole prediction task based on two different categories of
scenarios, depletion scenarios and gas storage scenarios. Having Injecting the gas in warm periods of the year starts from 1st of
a desirable depletion scenario may help to develop a perfect April and continues to 1st of October. The injection program is
underground gas storage scenario. carried for six warm months of the year according to Iran
weather condition. All the wells were used as injector in this
period. Target field injection rate of 220 MMSCF/Day
considered for this period.
Base Scenario
In this prediction scenario it is assumed that, producing from the After completing the injection period successfully and
reservoir continues with two available producing wells to pressurizing the reservoir, all the wells changed to producers.
simulate reservoir behavior. It is obvious that producing by just This period begins from 1st of October and continues to 1st of
two wells having a good depletion in short time is out of reach. March. These months are chosen according five cold months of
Figure 5 is showing results of the simulation for base scenario Iran. All the wells changed to producers at the start of
in respect to field pressure. production period. Target production rate of 260 MMSCF/Day
assumed for this period. One cycling period is defined in a year
and gas storage cycle will finish at the end of withdrawal
period. These gas storage cycles designed to be repeated for
several years. Figure 7 describes how field pressure varies
during storage periods and injecting and withdrawal rates are
illustrated in figure 8.
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Gas Storage in a Partially Depleted Gas
Reservoir
In this scenario, storage cycles starts at high field pressure of
3882psia at the start of year 2007 using old wells and new ones
defined in the same year. Field injection rates defined the same
as the last case, 220 MMCF/day in six warm months of the year
with the maximum bottom-hole flowing pressure of 5000psia.
Target Field production rate of 260 MMCF/Day with the same
minimum bottom-hole flowing pressure restriction defined for
the simulator and withdrawal continued in five cold months.
Higher production rate is achievable in this case due to high
pressure production, and pressure drop, due to production is
more than depleted scenario. These storage cycles will continue
for 11 cycles up to 1st of April 2018. The following figures
describe partial depletion scenario. Figure 9 is field pressure
variation and figure 10 is injection and production rates for this Figure 11- Comparison between cumulative field gas and
scenario. condensate production in two depletion scenarios.
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tight gas reservoirs). This consequently may results in higher
condensate production and achieving storage scenario targets
sooner.
Conclusion
1. According to available data for this condensate reservoir
and studies done on this field and results of the
simulation, the field seems to be an excellent choice of
underground gas storage. Another important factor for
Figure 13- Comparison between cumulative field gas this conclusion is that the reservoir is close to big cities
productions in two gas storage scenarios. and can afford their peak load gas demand during cold
months of the year. Feasibility of doing a storage project
Figure 14 shows a comparison between cumulative condensate is also proved by the simulator results and the reservoir is
productions in both gas storage scenarios. It can be observed in capable of storing the gas and withdrawing it in winter
these curves that condensate production overcomes in partially time very well.
depleted gas storage scenario in late time periods. Although
condensate production is not so much in this reservoir but this 2. According to simulation results it can be concluded that it
extra condensate production can be an economic advantage that is possible and even more suitable to carry gas storage in
makes partially depletion scenario more profitable. higher field pressures, so it is recommended to carry gas
storage in partially depleted reservoir.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge efforts and assistances of
Office of Graduate Study, Department of Chemical and
Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta-Canada
and Petroleum University of Technology (P.U.T.), Iran-Tehran
and also Schlumberger, Well Services of Iran-Tehran Center.
5
the Surface; presented in SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas
Conference in Perth, Ausrallia, 18-20 October 2004,
SPE 88491.
6. A. Rojety, C. Jaffret, S. Cornot-Gandophe, B. Durand,
S. Jullian, M. Valias, Natural Gas, Production,
Processing, Transport; IFP publications,1997, Chapter
8.
7. Ibrahim M. A., M.R. Tek and D.L. Katz, Threshold
Pressure in Gas Storage; Monograph, American Gas
Association, INC. Arlington, Virginia, 1970.