AE 152 – AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURES

Laboratory Exercise No. 6

Designing Plumbing Drawings

Name: TeamPorkchop
Lecture Schedule: TTH 1:00 – 2:00 PM

Group members:
Arguelles, Evan Adam Paul
Buzon, Elija
Jongay, Eljun
Lamberte, Ruel
Lungay, Knight Joseph
Calumpang, Claire
Loyzaga, Ella Jane
Red, Claire
Siega, Verdalyn
Taghap, Virgil Mae

Date Performed: March 4, 2019

Date Submitted: March 18, 2019

I. Introduction

About 20 million Filipinos, or more than a quarter of the Philippine

population, were exposed to poor sanitation since 2004. This fact raise
serious concerns because poor sanitation has a wide variety of negative
impacts. Study estimates that poor sanitation leads to economic costs in the
order of US$1.4 billion or Php 77.8 billion per year. Sanitation is a global
concern. Poor sanitation also contributes to the pollution of water resources. It
has many actual and potential negative effects. Health impacts, water
resource impacts, other welfare impacts and tourism impacts are some of
those effects. The estimated economic losses of these impacts include
additional expenditures, income or productivity losses, and the value of
premature death associated with poor sanitation.

Sanitation is often a neglected aspect of development in developing

countries. At present, plumbing practice in the Philippines, is in a sort of
chaos. The plumbing system is one of the most important parts of a structure,
intended for human habitation. It provides comfort, convenience and hygiene.

A plumbing drawing is a type of technical drawing that provides visual

representation and information relating to a plumbing system. It is used to
convey the engineering design to plumbers or other workers who will use
them to help install the plumbing system. It is also used to show clearly the
location of fixtures, sanitary ware, pipework, valves and so on, and illustrates
how fresh water is to be supplied into a building and wastewater removed. It
also includes fuel gas drawings. Mainly plumbing drawing consist of water
supply system drawings, drainage system drawings, irrigation system
drawings, and storm water system drawings.

An abattoir aims to provide the hygienic production and processing of

good quality meat and meat products for human consumption and nutrition.
Wastes generated by human beings and the processes under the abattoir
production could be excreta, urine, wastewater, solid wastes, industrial
wastes, and agricultural wastes. These wastes may contain hazards, such as
microbial pathogens and hazardous chemicals, which will be detrimental to
 human health or even to the animals if left uncontrolled. Resolving these
issues in preconstruction translates to savings in both cost and time. A proper
plumbing drawing is planned by the team in order to address these
shortcomings by conducting a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the
impacts of poor sanitation on health, water, and other welfare indicators and
considering the factors and processes done in an abattoir production.

II. Learning Outcomes

At the end of this laboratory exercise, the students should be able to:

1. Create a waste disposal plan; and,

2. Design a plumbing drawing which includes: (a) water supply system
drawing and, (b) drainage system drawings.

III. Methodology

(Discuss meth 1)

IV. Water Supply System Drawing

Shown on the separate sheets.

V. Drainage System Drawing

Shown on the separate sheets.

VI. Discussion

An abattoir process hygiene depends on processing, processing

buildings (site, size, and buildings), equipment available, permanent or non-
permanent personnel (working routines, training), climatic conditions, sanitary
facilities, water and energy supply, and liquid and solid waste disposal.

Catch basin –

In order to maintain the sanitation on the utilities and canteen area in an

abattoir production, a number of catch basins were placed. Catch basin is one
of the main component in a drainage system. They are boxes available in
various sizes and materials that are placed in the ground near areas of
standing water to help facilitate proper water drainage and avoid property
damage. The purpose of a catch basin is not just to facilitate in water
drainage, but also to maintain a clean and freely flowing plumbing system
from the yard to the end site. It is important because it prevents promoting the
growth and multiplication of bacteria and insects which puts the workers at
risk for disease and illnesses.

Septic tank –

A septic tank is an underwater sedimentation tank used for wastewater treatment

through the process of biological decomposition and drainage.

It allows a safe disposal of wastewater. They work by collecting the excreta and
wastewater in one big underground tank, they are predominantly used in rural areas.

A septic tank makes use of natural processes to treat the sewage it stores.
The designed septic tank has a two chambers or compartments and this tank
receives wastewater from an inlet pipe.

Advantage of using pvc pipes – Sneaking into the current generation, PVC
pipes are known to constitute important functions in the drainage system.
Attributed with great features that withstand heat and cold, they are a great
choice for the users. These technologically updated pipes are reliable for so
many users like factories, industries, contractors, engineers, and so many
more.

Lightweight– PVC pipes have a huge advantage in the weight

department when compared with other piping materials. PVC pipes are
significantly lightweight. The low weight facilitates easy and effortless
installation, without the risk of getting injured or needing a large team of
workers to carry it.

Corrosion resistance– Corrosion is one of the most harmful and

threatening issues, especially in water pipes, as it threatens our ability
to get safe and pure drinking water. With PVC pipes, you have nothing
to worry about. They are highly efficient in resisting any type of
corrosion and thus, protecting our drinking water.
 Long life– PVC pipes have the life expectancy of over 100 years. Their
longevity facilitates lower maintenance cost and increased productivity.

Chemical resistance– PVC pipes are equipped with superior

resistance to a wide array of harmful chemical reagents and
disinfectants. They are most apposite for infrastructure projects that
need strong acids, alkalis, fluorides, mineral oils, fats, alcohols, and
other aqueous solutions to pass through their pipes. This is another
one of the reasons for their soaring popularity.

Lower cost– PVC pipes are much cheaper than any other pipe in the
market. Moreover, the low installation cost, minimal breakage rate, and
the life cycle cost considerably diminish their overall expense

Flame resistance– PVC pipes are extremely difficult to ignite. Unless

there is a continuous presence of an external ignition source, PVC
pipes will not continue to burn. This advantageous feature makes it
extremely safe and secure to work with and to install for long-term
purposes. The temperature that they need for any cases of
spontaneous ignition is 450 degrees Celsius.

Watertight joints– One of the crucial features of any PVC pipe and
fittings is its tightness in the joints. The PVC pipes utilize various
innovative techniques so that all the piping users have the tightest
joints possible. PVC is equipped with deep insertion, monolithic sealed,
and push together gasket as well as solvent cement joints so that they
offer optimum safety and resistance.

Water tank for lairage – 5000 liters thinking of storing water? A water tank is
the best to do so. In definition, a water tank is a container varying in different
sizes where its main use is to store water. The water stored in this container is
preserved for a wide range of applications. These include drinking, cooking,
irrigation etc. Water tanks are made in different designs and materials. The
widespread material used is plastic. Concrete materials are the second known
in manufacturing water tanks. In Sydney, the concrete tanks are widespread
and seen to be the better method of storing water. The concrete water tanks
Sydney residents use are available in different sizes to suit everyone’s
requirements.
Concrete water tanks Sydney wide are preferred by many because they offer
many advantages compared to other tanks. The following are the advantages
which make Sydney concrete water tanks the best.
They can withstand bushfire
Concrete water tanks are safe in bushfire prone areas. Compared to other
tanks, concrete tanks are made of concrete which is a hard material and
cannot burn. Plastic tanks do not meet this requirement because they are
easily burnt in the presence of fire. Though metal tanks perform well in this
condition, concrete tanks are better.

They keep water cooler

Concrete water tanks keep water cooler compared to the other tanks. This is
another important advantage of using concrete water tanks in Sydney. When
water is stored in this tank, it is free from living organisms which are aquatic.
These can be placed underground to make this point better. Metal and plastic
tanks depend on where they are placed so that they can define the condition
and water temperature. If they are placed in cold places the water becomes
cold. When in hot places, the water becomes hot. Since best concrete water
tanks Sydney residents use keep water cooler, they also keep it bacteria
free. More information brand name: Sydney Water Tanks
They are long lasting
Since they have the bushfire prone characteristic, concrete water tanks are
long lasting compared to other tanks. Since the plastic water tanks are very
much affected by the outer atmosphere exposure, they tend to get finished
earlier. This is also contributed by the tank that can be installed underground.
In the ground, it is not exposed to the light rays which plastic tanks are
affected by. Sydney concrete water tanks are the best.

They provide healthier drinking water

Copper poisoning is a case which is mostly experienced in plastic water
tanks. This comes when acid water enters the tank through acid rain. The acid
in water reacts with copper pipes. Hence, the water stored is not healthier for
one to drink. Concrete tanks have no problem since this effect is well catered
for. The concrete water tanks leach lime into the water, and hence, reduce the
acidity. This is through acid-base reaction. In the absence of acidity, the
copper pipes are not corroded. Hence, the water stored in them is safe for
drinking.
Lastly, the Sydney concrete tanks are portable because they can be
transported from one place to another. All these advantages make concrete
water tanks Sydney residents use very important and beneficial. Truly, quality
Sydney concrete water tanks are tanks to admire.

Water tank for slaughter – 8000 liters Material types and availability of
various steels are expanding and providing industries and consumers with
more options. As part of that growth, forward thinking industries are looking at
the many benefits that stainless steels can provide. Stainless steels have the
obvious advantage of being commercially available in multiple grades which
makes them a reasonable alternative to some of the more exotic materials.
Below are some additional benefits that might apply in your situation:

DURABILITY:
In a wide range of applications stainless steel is more resistant to corrosion
than ordinary carbon steel. This resistance to corrosion makes them highly
durable which adds longevity to their lifespan. Stainless is also important in
assuring that the quality of the product you are storing is not compromised. If
your tanks are stored outside, stainless can also help you avoid weathering
issues that can occur when using steel or plastic.

EASY TO RECYCLE:
NO CHANGES other than changing the word environment to environmentally.

LOW TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS:

Carbon steel and duplex stainless steels tend to become brittle as the
temperature is reduced. They can fracture without warning, sometimes with
catastrophic results. This is due to stretching or bulging as in some plastic
failures. Therefore, alloys for low temperature service must retain suitable
properties. Stainless steels such as 304 and 316 retain engineering properties
at cryogenic temperatures and can be classified as ‘cryogenic steels’, they are
commonly used in artic locations and in the handling and storage of liquid
gases like nitrogen with temperatures at -321°F (-196°C)

LONGEVITY:
Stainless Steel maintains its properties over a wide range of temperatures,
 particularly at the lower temperature ranges. Moreover it is less affected by
UV light which can damage coatings and painted surfaces. If properly
maintained, stainless steel can last years longer than conventional carbon
steels.

CUSTOMIZATION:
Each industry has unique requirements specific to their applications and
stainless is a material that can be bent, rolled and shaped to fit those custom
needs. Tanks made from stainless steels can be designed in a wide variety of
diameters, lengths and heights which gives you flexibility in design.

If durability, longevity and customization are needed for your product then
stainless steels have many favorable characteristics that shouldn’t be
ignored.

Blood tank – Not Found, difficult to explain

Condemned meat tank – Not Found, difficult to explain

VII. Lifelong Learning

Since one of the goals of an abattoir production is to have a negative

free impact on the residents, a good plumbing drawing must be planned
beforehand. In designing an abattoir, an Agricultural Engineer must know that
a well-planned, well-executed and controlled cleaning and sanitation program
for rooms, machines and equipment is very important to achieve a hygienic
standard. Cleaning and sanitation alone, however, will not assure a hygienic
standard in production where process hygiene as well as personal hygiene
are important factors.

As a future agricultural engineer, he/she must know that the abattoir,

which is a meat/food industry, must have a good planning in plumbing since
hygiene concerns on process hygiene, environmental hygiene, personal
hygiene, cleaning, disinfection/sanitation and that regulations in this regard
must be observed. He/she must also know that a good plumbing matters
because it greatly help in energy savings, help regions affected by droughts
and water shortages by using water more efficiently and it harnesses a
precious resource, the water.

VIII. References

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPHILIPPINES/Resources/Econo
micImpactsofSanitationinthePhils_Summary.pdf

https://www.scribd.com/doc/94922041/Philippine-Plumbing

http://www.fao.org/3/x6557e/X6557E02.htm

https://www.pmmag.com/articles/97077-top-10-reasons-why-plumbing-
is-so-important