List of high courts in India

The high courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in each state and union territory. However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the
subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of pecuniary, territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated
specifically in a state or federal law.

However, the work of most high courts primarily consists of appeals from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of the constitution. Writ jurisdiction is also an original jurisdiction
of a high court. The precise territorial jurisdiction of each high court is different. The appeal order is the following: tehsil-kotwali-criminal/civil courts → district court → high court → supreme
court.

Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a district and sessions judge. He is known as district judge when he presides over a civil case, and sessions judge when he presides over a
criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a high court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of the
constitution, all courts in India — including high courts — are bound by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India by precedence.

Judges in a high court are appointed by the President of India in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the governor of the state. High courts are headed by a chief justice. The chief
justices rank fourteenth (within their respective states) and seventeenth (outside their respective states) on the Indian order of precedence. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the
average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher.

The Calcutta High Court is the oldest high court in the country, established on 2 July 1862. High courts that handle a large number of cases of a particular region have permanent benches
established there. Benches are also present in states which come under the jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states with few cases may have circuit benches established.
Circuit benches (known as circuit courts in some parts of the world) are temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period
are judged when the circuit court is in session. According to a study conducted by Bengaluru-based NGO, Daksh, on 21 high courts in collaboration with the Ministry of Law and Justice in March
2015, it was found that average pendency of a case in high courts in India is 3 years.[1]

Contents
High courts
High courts by states/union territories
Courts under a high court
Notes and citations
See also
References
External links

High courts
The Madras High Court in Chennai, Bombay High Court in Mumbai, Calcutta High Court in Kolkata and Allahabad High Court in Allahabad(Prayagraj) are the oldest four high courts in India.

The following are the 25 high courts in India sorted by name, year established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, principal seat (headquarters), permanent benches (subordinate to the
principal seat), circuit benches (functional a few days in a month/year), the maximum number of judges sanctioned and the presiding chief justice of the high court.
 Judges
Court Established Act established Jurisdiction Principal seat Bench(es) Total Permanent Additional Ch
Strength Judges Judges
Allahabad 17 March 1866 Indian High Uttar Pradesh Allahabad Lucknow[A] 160 76 84 Govind M
High Court[2] Courts Act 1861
Andhra 1 January 2019 Andhra Pradesh Andhra Amaravati — 37 28 9 Chagari
Pradesh Reorganisation Pradesh (acting)
High Court[3] Act, 2014
Bombay 14 August 1862 Indian High Goa, Dadra Mumbai Aurangabad,[A] 94 71 23 Pradeep
High Court Courts Act 1861 and Nagar Nagpur,[A]
Haveli, Panaji[A]
Daman and
Diu,
Maharashtra
Calcutta 2 July 1862 Indian High Andaman Kolkata Port Blair[B] 72 54 18 Thottath
High Court Courts Act 1861 and Nicobar Jalpaiguri[B] Radhakr
Islands, West
Bengal
Chennai 15 August 1862 Indian High Tamil Nadu, Chennai Madurai[A] 75 56 19 Vijaya Ta
High Court Courts Act 1861 Puducherry
Chhattisgarh 1 November 2000 Madhya Chhattisgarh Bilaspur — 22 17 5 P. R. Ra
High Court Pradesh Menon
Reorganisation
Act, 2000
Delhi High 31 October 1966 Delhi High Court National New Delhi — 60 45 15 Dhirubha
Court[4] Act, 1966 Capital Patel
Territory of
Delhi
Gauhati 1 March 1948 Government of Arunachal Guwahati Aizawl,[A] 24 18 6 Arup Ku
High Court[5] India Act, 1935 Pradesh, Itanagar,[A] (acting)
Assam, Kohima[A]
Mizoram,
Nagaland
Gujarat High 1 May 1960 Bombay Gujarat Ahmedabad — 52 39 13 Anantku
Court Reorgansisation Dave
Act, 1960 (acting)

Himachal 25 January 1971 State of Himachal Shimla — 13 10 3 Dharam

Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Chaudha
High Court Pradesh Act, (acting)
1970

Jammu and 28 August 1928 Letters Patent Jammu and Srinagar/Jammu[C] — 17 13 4 Gita Mitt
Kashmir issued by then Kashmir
High Court Maharaja of
Kashmir
Jharkhand 15 November 2000 Bihar Jharkhand Ranchi — 25 19 6 Prashan
High Court Reorganisation (acting)
Act, 2000

Karnataka 1884 Mysore High Karnataka Bangalore Dharwad,[A] 62 47 15 Abhay S

High Court[6] Court Act, 1884 Gulbarga[A]
Kerala High 1 November 1956 States Kerala, Kochi — 47 35 12 Hrishike
Court[7] Reorganisation Lakshadweep
Act, 1956
Madhya 2 January 1936 Government of Madhya Jabalpur Gwalior,[A] 53 40 13 Sanjay K
Pradesh India Act, 1935 Pradesh Indore[A]
High Court[8]
Manipur 25 March 2013 North-Eastern Manipur Imphal — 5 4 1 Ramalin
High Court Areas
(Reorganisation)
and Other
Related Laws
(Amendment)
Act, 2012
Meghalaya 23 March 2013 North-Eastern Meghalaya Shillong — 4 3 1 Ajay Kum
High Court Areas
(Reorganisation)
and Other
Related Laws
(Amendment)
Act, 2012
Orissa High 3 April 1948 Orissa High Odisha Cuttack — 27 20 7 Kalpesh
Court[9] Court Jhaveri
Ordinance, 1948
Patna High 2 September 1916 Letters Patent Bihar Patna — 53 40 13 Amreshw
Court issued by then
British Crown
Punjab and 15 August 1947 Punjab High Chandigarh, Chandigarh — 85 64 21 Krishna
Haryana Court Haryana,
 High Ordinance, 1947 Punjab
Court[10]
Rajasthan 21 June 1949 Rajasthan High Rajasthan Jodhpur Jaipur[A] 50 38 12 Shripath
High Court Court
Ordinance, 1949
Sikkim High 16 May 1975 The 36th Sikkim Gangtok — 3 3 0 Vijay Ku
Court Amendment to
the Indian
Constitution
Telangana 20 April 1920 Andhra Pradesh Telangana Hyderabad — 24 18 6 Raghven
High Reorganisation Chauhan
Court[11] Act, 2014
Tripura High 26 March 2013 North-Eastern Tripura Agartala — 4 4 0 Sanjay K
Court Areas
(Reorganisation)
and Other
Related Laws
(Amendment)
Act, 2012
Uttarakhand 9 November 2000 Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand Nainital — 11 9 2 Ramesh
High Reorganisation
Court[12] Act, 2000

Total 1079 771 308

Notes

A. Permanent bench.
B. Circuit bench.
C. Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.

High courts by states/union territories

 State/UT Court Principal seat Bench(es) Official Website Chief Justice
Andaman and Calcutta High calcuttahighcourt.nic.in (http://c Thottathil B.
— Port Blair[a]
Nicobar Islands Court alcuttahighcourt.nic.in/) Radhakrishnan
Arup Kumar
Arunachal Gauhati High ghcitanagar.gov.in (http://ghcita The Andhra Pradesh
— Itanagar[b] Goswami
Pradesh Court nagar.gov.in/) High Court in Amaravati
(acting)
Chagari
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh Amaravati — hc.ap.nic.in (http://hc.ap.nic.in/) Praveen Kumar
High Court
(acting)
Arup Kumar
Gauhati High ghconline.nic.in (http://ghconlin
Assam Guwahati — Goswami
Court e.nic.in/)
(acting)
The Bombay High Court
Patna High patnahighcourt.bih.nic.in (http:// Amreshwar
Bihar Patna — in Mumbai, one of the
Court patnahighcourt.bih.nic.in/) Pratap Sahi
first four high courts of
Punjab and India
highcourtchd.gov.in (http://highc
Chandigarh Haryana High Chandigarh — Krishna Murari
ourtchd.gov.in/)
Court
P. R.
Chhattisgarh highcourt.cg.gov.in (http://highc
Chhattisgarh Bilaspur — Ramachandra
High Court ourt.cg.gov.in/)
Menon
Dadra and Nagar Bombay High bombayhighcourt.nic.in (http://b Pradeep
Mumbai —
Haveli Court ombayhighcourt.nic.in/) Nandrajog
The Calcutta High Court
Bombay High bombayhighcourt.nic.in (http://b Pradeep in Kolkata, one of the
Daman and Diu Mumbai —
Court ombayhighcourt.nic.in/) Nandrajog first four high courts of
India
Dhirubhai
National Capital delhihighcourt.nic.in (http://delhi
Delhi High Court New Delhi — Naranbhai
Territory of Delhi highcourt.nic.in/)
Patel
Bombay High hcbombayatgoa.nic.in (http://hc Pradeep
Goa — Panaji[b]
Court bombayatgoa.nic.in/) Nandrajog
Anantkumar
Gujarat High gujarathighcourt.nic.in (http://gu
Gujarat Ahmedabad — Surendraray
Court jarathighcourt.nic.in/) The Allahabad High
Dave
Court in Allahabad, one
Punjab and of the first four high
highcourtchd.gov.in (http://highc
Haryana Haryana High Chandigarh — Krishna Murari
ourtchd.gov.in/) courts of India
Court
Himachal Dharam Chand
Himachal hphighcourt.nic.in (http://hphigh
Pradesh High Shimla — Chaudhary
Pradesh court.nic.in/)
Court (acting)
Jammu & The Karnataka High
Jammu and jkhighcourt.nic.in (http://jkhighc
Kashmir High Srinagar/Jammu[c] — Gita Mittal Court in Bangalore
Kashmir ourt.nic.in/)
Court
Jharkhand High jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in (htt Prashant
Jharkhand Ranchi —
Court p://jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in/) Kumar
Dharwad[b] Abhay
Karnataka High
Karnataka Bangalore and hck.gov.in (http://hck.gov.in/) Shreeniwas A working day view of
Court
Gulbarga[b] Oka the Kerala High Court in
Kochi
Kerala High highcourtofkerala.nic.in (http://hi
Kerala Kochi — Hrishikesh Roy
Court ghcourtofkerala.nic.in/)
Kerala High highcourtofkerala.nic.in (http://hi
Lakshadweep Kochi —
Court ghcourtofkerala.nic.in/)
Madhya
Gwalior[b] and The Gujarat High Court
Madhya Pradesh Pradesh High Jabalpur mphc.in (http://mphc.in/)
Court Indore[b] in Ahmedabad

Bombay High Aurangabad[b] bombayhighcourt.nic.in (http://b

Maharashtra Mumbai
Court and Nagpur[b] ombayhighcourt.nic.in/)
Manipur High hcmimphal.nic.in (http://hcmimp Ramalingam
Manipur Imphal —
Court hal.nic.in/) Sudhakar
Meghalaya High meghalayahighcourt.nic.in (htt
Meghalaya Shillong —
Court p://meghalayahighcourt.nic.in/)
Gauhati High ghcazlbench.nic.in (http://ghcaz
Mizoram — Aizawl[b]
Court lbench.nic.in/)
Gauhati High kohimahighcourt.gov.in (http://k
Nagaland — Kohima[b]
Court ohimahighcourt.gov.in/)
Orissa High orissahighcourt.nic.in (http://oris
Odisha Cuttack —
Court sahighcourt.nic.in/)
Madras High hcmadras.tn.nic.in (http://hcma
Puducherry Chennai —
Court dras.tn.nic.in/)
Punjab and
highcourtchd.gov.in (http://highc
Punjab Haryana High Chandigarh —
ourtchd.gov.in/)
Court
Rajasthan High
Rajasthan Jodhpur Jaipur[b] hcraj.nic.in (http://hcraj.nic.in/)
Court
 Sikkim Sikkim High Gangtok — highcourtofsikkim.nic.in (http://h
Court ighcourtofsikkim.nic.in/)
Madras High hcmadras.tn.nic.in (http://hcma
Tamil Nadu Chennai Madurai[b]
Court dras.tn.nic.in/)
Telangana High hc.tap.nic.in (http://hc.tap.nic.i
Telangana Hyderabad —
Court n/)
Tripura High
Tripura Agartala — thc.nic.in (http://thc.nic.in/)
Court
Allahabad High allahabadhighcourt.in (http://alla
Uttar Pradesh Allahabad Lucknow[b]
Court habadhighcourt.in/)
highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand Nainital — (http://highcourtofuttarakhand.g
High Court
ov.in/)
Calcutta High calcuttahighcourt.nic.in (http://c
West Bengal Kolkata —
Court alcuttahighcourt.nic.in/)
Notes

a. Circuit bench.
b. Permanent bench.
c. Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.

Courts under a high court

District courts
District munsiff courts
Courts of judicial magistrates of first class
Courts of judicial magistrates of second class
E-courts

Notes and citations

1. Thakur, Pradeep (22 March 2016). "HCs taking 3 years on average to decide
cases: Study" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/HCs-taking-3-years-on-ave
rage-to-decide-cases-Study/articleshow/51503719.cms). The Times of India. New
Delhi. OCLC 23379369 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23379369). Retrieved
9 March 2018.
2. Originally established at Agra, it shifted to Allahabad in 1875.
3. "High Court of Andhra Pradesh to function at Amaravati from Jan 1, 2019" (https://
barandbench.com/high-court-andhra-pradesh-notified/). Bar & Bench. 26
December 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
4. Lahore High Court was established at Lahore on 21 March 1919 and had
jurisdiction over undivided Punjab and Delhi. On 11 August 1947 a separate
Punjab High Court was created with its seat at Simla under the Indian
Independence Act, 1947, which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and present
Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after the reorganisation of the State of
Punjab, the High Court was designated as the Punjab and Haryana High Court at
Chandigarh. The Delhi High Court was established on 31 October 1966 with its
seat at Simla which was later shifted to New Delhi in 1971 after the Himachal
Pradesh was granted the statehood with its own High Court at Simla.
5. Originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland, it was renamed as
Gauhati High Court in 1971.
6. Originally known as Mysore High Court, it was renamed as Karnataka High Court
in 1974.
7. The High Court of Travancore-Cochin was inaugurated at Kochi on 7 July 1949.
The state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. That Act
abolished the Travancore-Cochin High Court and created the Kerala High Court.
The Act also extended the jurisdiction of the Kerala High Court to Lakshadweep.
8. Under the Government of India Act, 1935, a High Court was established at Nagpur
for the Central Provinces by Letters Patent dated 2 January 1936. After the
reorganization of states, this High Court was moved to Jabalpur in 1956.
9. Though the State of Orissa was renamed Odisha in March 2011, the Odissa High
Court retained its original name. There has been an ongoing discussion on how to
legally change the nomenclature of the High Courts to reflect the renaming of
states, but so far none has changed.
10. Originally known as Punjab High Court, it was renamed as Punjab and Haryana
High Court in 1966.
11. Originally known as Andhra Pradesh High Court, and it was established on 5
November 1956 but it was renamed as High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad in
2014, renamed again as Telangana High Court on 20 April 1920.
12. Originally known as Uttaranchal High Court, it was renamed as Uttarakhand High
Court in 2007.

Though Telangana High Court was established in April 20, 1920 but after the creation of separate Andhra Pradesh High Court on January 1, 2019 the jurisdiction of the former will only be within
the state of Telangana . So, though it was established in 1920, when we say Telangana High Court, we should mention the creation day as January 1, 2019 i.e. same as the creation of Andhra
Pradesh High Court.

See also
List of current Indian chief justices
List of sitting judges of High Courts of India

References
"Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High Courts" (http://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/hcourts.htm). Eastern Book Company. Retrieved 2 September 2005.
"Judge Strength in High Courts Increased" (http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/30102003/r301020036.html). Press Information Bureau–Govt. of India.
Retrieved 2 September 2005.
"Judiciary" (https://web.archive.org/web/20050829212628/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm). Supreme Court of India. Archived from the original (http://
supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/constitution.htm) on 29 August 2005. Retrieved 2 September 2005.
"Constitution of India" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India). Wikisource. Retrieved 31 December 2005.
"Madras High Court" (http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjhc.htm). Hcmadras.tn.nic.in. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
"Soon, High Courts in 3 Northeastern States" (http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article3409298.ece). Retrieved 11 May 2012.
"New Chief Justice of Delhi High Court to Assume Charge on Wednesday" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-21/chennai/34001329_1_delhi-high-court-chief
-justice-permanent-judge). Retrieved 6 November 2012.
External links
Media related to High Courts in India at Wikimedia Commons

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